I am sure that everybody in his／her life has used computers．Nowadays you can feel their presence everywhere—at home，at school，at work and they certainly make life easier．On the other hand，there are people who can work without them．
Anyway, I believe their presence is a good thing．Life with them seems less difficult and more comfortable．You can use them to choose your meal，to withdraw your money，and also to save your time，because these operations are all controlled by computers．Therefore，you can hardly imagine the modern world without them；the whole planet seems to be one big computer society．
Nevertheless，problems can often appear in this area，too．To have a computer means you have to be quite rich and have the necessary skills to use it．However, think about questions like，“Are computers available for everyone, for rich and poor people，for people from villages and people from cities? Aren’t they too expensive? Is everyone able to learn how to use them and does everyone have the chance to access and work with them? How could everything in the future be dependent on them?” Therefore，I think our society will be divided into two parts．One part will work with them and enjoy the benefits that computers can bring and the other part will be pushed out of society and will actually be left far behind the other group．
Another question that bothers me is，computers are important and they’re good things in our life, but they aren’t everything. They are good as a help at school, quite often as entertainment, especially for young people, as an necessary tool to help in research etc. , but I think we shouldn’t be so dependent on them, because computers are only machines and machines can’t feel anything, can’t be human and sympathetic, and every action performed by computer can be interfered(干涉) with could cause these machines to crash or work badly.
In conclusion, I would like to say I am not against computers. I use computers too, but people should be wary all the time.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
①="Paragraph " ②="Paragraph2 " ③="Paragraph" 3 ④Paragraph4 ⑤=Paragraph5By saying“wary”(in the last paragraph)，the author is trying to say,“People should ”.
| A．be strongly for the use of computers because of its convenience |
| B．be careful with computers that will also cause problems |
| C．master more necessary computer skills |
| D．not do something that causes computers to work badly |
In the third paragraph，the author presents his idea by ．
| A．asking questions for people to think about |
| B．giving examples to support his argument |
| C．raising questions and answering them |
| D．expressing his opinion directly |
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ．
| A．encourage us to use computers in our society |
| B．advise us to say no to computers from now on |
| C．remind us to care about the problems that computers bring |
| D．inform us that computers has become a necessary part of our life |
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself, "she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology," said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
（1）What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
| A． |
Food variety. |
| B． |
Eating habits. |
| C． |
Table manners. |
| D． |
Restaurant service. |
（2）Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
| A． |
To meet with her coworkers. |
| B． |
To catch up with her work. |
| C． |
To have some time on her own. |
| D． |
To collect data for her report. |
（3）What do we know about Mazoleny?
| A． |
He makes videos for the bar. |
| B． |
He's fond of the food at the bar. |
| C． |
He interviews customers at the bar. |
| D． |
He's familiar with the barkeeper. |
（4）What is the text mainly about?
| A． |
The trend of having meals alone. |
| B． |
The importance of self-reflection. |
| C． |
The stress from working overtime. |
| D． |
The advantage of wireless technology. |
"You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?
| A． |
She knows little about the club. |
| B． |
She isn't good at sports. |
| C． |
She just doesn't want to volunteer. |
| D． |
She's unable to meet her schedule. |
（2）What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?
| A． |
Encourage team work . |
| B． |
Appeal to feeling. |
| C． |
Promote good deeds. |
| D． |
Provide advice. |
（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
| A． |
She gets interested in lacrosse. |
| B． |
She is proud of her kids. |
| C． |
She'll work for another season. |
| D． |
She becomes a good helper. |
（4）Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
| A． |
It gives her a sense of duty. |
| B． |
It makes her very happy. |
| C． |
It enables her to work hard. |
| D． |
It brings her material rewards. |
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
（1）Who does "I" refer to in the text?
| A． |
Stephen King. |
| B． |
Gillian Flynn. |
| C． |
Jo Usmar. |
| D． |
Roald Dahl |
（2）Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
| A． |
Cosmopolitan. |
| B． |
Matilda. |
| C． |
After Dark. |
| D． |
The Stand. |
（3）What kind of book is G one Girl?
| A． |
A folk tale. |
| B． |
A biography. |
| C． |
A love story. |
| D． |
A horror story. |
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones." The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32.What does the author think of new devices?
| A． |
They are environment-friendly. |
| B． |
They are no better than the old. |
| C． |
They cost more to use at home. |
| D． |
They go out of style quickly. |
33.Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
| A． |
To reduce the cost of minerals. |
| B． |
To test the life cycle of a product. |
| C． |
To update consumers on new technology. |
| D． |
To find out electricity consumption of the devices. |
34.Which of the following uses the least energy?
| A． |
The box-set TV. |
| B． |
The tablet. |
| C． |
The LCD TV. |
| D． |
The desktop computer. |
35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
| A． |
Stop using them. |
| B． |
Take them apart. |
| C． |
Upgrade them. |
| D． |
Recycle them. |
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominantlanguages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
| A． |
They developed very fast. |
| B． |
They were large in number. |
| C． |
They had similar patterns. |
| D． |
They were closely connected. |
29.Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?
| A． |
Complex. |
| B． |
Advanced |
| C． |
Powerful. |
| D． |
Modern. |
30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
| A． |
About 6,800. |
| B． |
About 3,400. |
| C． |
About 2,400. |
| D． |
About 1,200. |
31.What is the main idea of the text?
| A． |
New languages will be created. |
| B． |
People's lifestyles are reflected in languages. |
| C． |
Human development results in fewer languages. |
| D． |
Geography determines language evolution. |