When you think about math, you probably don’t think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.
People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal(揭示) the identity of the criminal. It’s long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it’s easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect(嫌疑犯) who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.
But Mike O’Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal’s home base by combining these patterns with a city’s layout(布局) and historical crime records.
The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets — that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. O’Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal’s patterns change with age. It’s been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.
Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O’Leary’s uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.
The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O’Leary says that criminology — the study of crime and criminals — contains a lot of good math problems. “I feel like I’m in a gold mine and I’m the only one who knows what gold looks like,” he says. “It’s a lot of fun.”To find criminals, police usually ______.
| A．focus on where crimes take place | B．seek help from local people |
| C．depend on new mathematical tools | D．check who are on the crime scene |
O’Leary is writing a computer program that ______.
| A．uses math to increase the speed of calculation |
| B．tells the identity of a criminal in a certain area |
| C．shows changes in criminals’ patterns |
| D．provides the crime records of a given city |
By “I’m the only one who knows what gold looks like”, O’Leary means that he ______.
| A．is better at finding gold than others |
| B．is the only one who uses math to make money |
| C．knows more criminals than other mathematicians |
| D．knows best how to use math to help solve crimes |
What is the main idea of the text?
| A．Criminals live near where crimes occur. |
| B．Math could help police find criminals. |
| C．Crime records could be used to fight crime. |
| D．Computer software works in preventing crimes. |
A glass a day keeps obesity at bay．Alcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content, but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet．Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight, those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain”．The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．
Boston University’s Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms (生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese．What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that reveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine, destroys fat cells．
The passage is mainly for those ______．
| A．who produce wine |
| B．who are eager to lose weight |
| C．who go on a diet |
| D．who have a drinking habit |
The underlined phrase “in moderation” in the first paragraph means ______．
| A．properly | B．carefully |
| C．excitedly | D．frequently |
Why has alcohol been thought to cause weight gain?
| A．Because its calories are stored in fat． |
| B．Because it is rich in sugar． |
| C．Because it changes drinking patterns． |
| D．Because it increases the risk of diabetes． |
What can we learn from the passage?
| A．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear． |
| B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat． |
| C．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect． |
| D．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight． |
What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
| A．How to do some easy experiments． |
| B．How to prove the finding mentioned above． |
| C．How to make wine in a healthy way． |
| D．How to reduce the calories contained in wine． |
In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student, two years ahead of me in his studies; he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty．This was Stephen Hawking．I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his PhD degree．
But, amazingly, he has reached the age of 73．Even mere survival would have been a medical miracle, but of course, he didn’t merely survive．He has become arguably the most famous scientist in the world for his brilliant research, for his bestselling books, and, above all, for his astonishing victory over hardship．
Stephen received his “death sentence” in 1964, when I thought it was hard for him to go on with his study．Stephen went from Albans School to Oxford University．He was said to be a “lazy” undergraduate, but his brilliance earned him a first class degree, an “entry ticket” to a research career in Cambridge and a uniquely inspiring achievement．Within a few years of the burst of his disease he was wheelchair bound, and his speech was so unclear that it could only be understood by those who knew him well．But his scientific career went from strength to strength: he quickly came up with a series of insights into the nature of black holes (then a very new idea) and how the universe began．In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32．
The great advances in science generally involve discovering a link between phenomena that were previously conceptually unconnected — for instance, Isaac Newton realized that the force making an apple fall to earth was the same as the force that holds the moon and planets in their orbits．Stephen’s revolutionary idea about a link between gravity and quantum(量子) theory has still not been tested．However, it has been hugely influential; indeed, one of the main achievements of string theory(弦理论) has been to confirm and build on his idea．He has undoubtedly done more than anyone else since Einstein to improve our knowledge of gravity and he is one of the top ten living theoretical physicists．
What impressed the author most about Stephen Hawking?
| A．His brilliant research． |
| B．His bestselling books． |
| C．His serious disease． |
| D．His defeating hardship． |
What made Stephen Hawking start his research career at Cambridge?
| A．His death sentence． |
| B．His “lazy” attitude． |
| C．His above average talent and ability． |
| D．His rich experience． |
It can be inferred that Stephen Hawking was born ________．
| A．in the early 1940s |
| B．in the late 1940s |
| C．in the early 1930s |
| D．in the late 1930s |
What can we learn from the text?
| A．Hawking’s theory was proved years ago． |
| B．Hawking was not as successful as Newton． |
| C．String theory built on Hawking’s idea． |
| D．Hawking’s theory has had little influence on others． |
Which of the following is Not True according the passage?
| A．He achieved one success after another in his career despite his disease． |
| B．He couldn’t walk when the author first met him at Cambridge． |
| C．He not only survived his disease but contributed greatly to science． |
| D．He is among the greatest scientists to improve the knowledge of gravity． |
Sina Weibo, one of the country’s most popular micro blogging sites,has launched a paid service．For a 10 yuan ($ l．57) monthly fee, users get a membership on their Sina Weibo accounts．
According to Xu Yuanyuan, a member of the marketing team at Sina, themove is to guarantee a more convenient and safer environment for users．But despite the company’s efforts to increase income, it seems that most of its 300 million users still prefer the free version．
The premium membership (高级会员) plans ,announced by the company on Monday, brought about negative comments from its users ．
“The current service is good enough for me”, said a Beijing based micro blogger．“I don’t really need those value added services and it might be a waste of money．I might consider paying for it if some more features are added．”
Dong Xu, an analyst with consulting firm Analysys International, said that Sina shouldn’t expect a great increase in income brought by the new services．The free services are enough for most users, Dong said．“The company has been making attempts at different profit models since last year．A potential source of income could be gaming．Games and advertisements are so far the two biggest sources of income．” she said．
Other micro blogging service providers have not yet followed suit．Fang Gang, vice president of rival Sohu, said via e mail on Tuesday that Sohu’s micro blogging service will never charge users．“It’s good news for us．Users can come to our website if they have to pay for services (at Sina)．” Fang said．
Most of Sina Weibo’s users______．
| A．aren’t satisfied with its free version |
| B．show no interest in its paid services |
| C．are looking forward to new services |
| D．think highly of its new paid version |
What’s Dong Xu’s attitude towards Sina Weibo’s new services increasing income?
| A．Negative． | B．Confident． |
| C．Indifferent． | D．Positive ． |
Why did Fang Gang consider Sina Weibo’s charging its users good news?
| A．Because Sina will make more money． |
| B．Because Sina will lose the whole Weibo market． |
| C．Because Sohu will attract more users． |
| D．Because Sohu will offer free services． |
What can be inferred from the text?
| A．Most of Weibo websites will charge their users． |
| B．Sina Weibo’s new move will be a great success． |
| C．Sina Weibo’s users will enjoy more services． |
| D．A large number of Weibo users like playing games． |
What can be the best title for the text?
| A．Sina Weibo Faces Great Challenges |
| B．Sina Weibo Launches Paid Services |
| C．Sina Weibo Expects Income Increase |
| D．Sina Weibo Becomes More Convenient |
Every day we are exposed to images, videos, music and news．In this age of visual and aural hyper stimulation, the medium of radio is making a great comeback.
“We’re at the beginning of a golden age of audio,” said US based podcaster Alex Blumberg in an article in The Sydney Morning Herald．In the last month alone, 15 percent of US adults listened to a radio podcast (播客)．These statistics, released by Edison Research, show the successful evolution of traditional radio broadcasts to the present day’s digital podcast format．The term “podcast” was invented in 2004, but the trend only started gaining mainstream popularity in recent years．With the sharp increase in consumer demand for smartphones and tablets, podcast sales have jumped.
The appeal of the podcast partly lies in its multiplatform delivery and on demand capabilities (功能)．You can listen during those extra minutes of the day when you’re walking to the shops, waiting in a queue or riding the subway．Similar to television shows, podcasts are generally free to download and most offer new content every week.
Donna Jackson, 22, Sydney University media graduate, listens to podcasts two or three times a week, via iTurns．“I listen while I’m wandering around the house doing something else．It makes completing a boring task much more enjoyable… And it’s an easy way of keeping in touch with what’s going on in the rest of the world,” she said, “I mainly listen to BBC podcasts, but recently I’ve also been listening to This American Life and Serial．They have a special skill to really draw you in.”
Unlike television and music, the audio format has the potential to create a deep impression on readers．Blumberg says this owes to the podcast’s ability “to create close relationship and emotional connection.” Sydney University undergraduate Hazel Proust, majoring in social work and arts, agrees．“When you’re listening, it feels as if the voice of the podcast’s storyteller is talking directly to you．It’s comforting, ” said Proust.
It seems the age old tradition of verbal storytelling is very much alive and well.From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that ________.
| A．traditional broadcast has come back |
| B．Americans love listening to the radio |
| C．podcasts have become very popular today |
| D．smartphones sell well because of podcasts |
The writer mentions Donna Jackson mainly to ________.
| A．tell how young people relax themselves |
| B．explain why young people like podcasts |
| C．introduce what programs podcasts are presenting |
| D．show how popular podcasts are presenting |
Paragraph 5 is mainly about ________.
| A．the influence of radios |
| B．the advantage of podcasts |
| C．readers’ impression on radios |
| D．people’s reaction to the medium |
What is probably the best title of the passage?
| A．Return of Radio |
| B．Opinions of Podcast |
| C．Features of Radio |
| D．Technology of Podcast |
As we grow old, we realize that we have so little time to read and there are so many great books that we’ve yet to get around to．Yet re readers are everywhere around us．For certain fans, re reading The Lord of the Rings is a conventional practice annually．One friend told me that Jane Austen’s Emma can still surprise him, despite his having read it over 50 times．
New sudden clear understandings can be gained from the process of re reading．Journalist Rebacca Mead, a long time Englishwoman in New York, first came across George Eliot’s Middlemarch at 17．Since then, she has read it again every five years．With each re reading, it has opened up further; in each chapter of her life, it has resonated (引起共鸣) differently．Mead evidenced the large number of ways in which really good books not only stand the test of repeat reads, but also offer fresh gifts each time we crack their spines．These kinds of books grow with us.
Scientists have also recognized the mental health benefits of re reading．Research conducted with readers in the US found that on our first reading, we are concerned with the “what” and the “why”．Second time round, we’re able to better appreciate the emotions that the plot continues to express．As researcher CristelRussell of the American University explained, returning to a book “brings new or renewed appreciation of both the great book and its readers.”
It’s true that we often find former selves on the pages of old books (if we’re fond of making notes on the pages)．These texts can carry us back to a time and place, and remind us of the kind of person that we were then．We’re changed not only by lived experience but also by read experience – by the books that we’ve discovered since last reading the one in our hand.
More so than the movie director or the musician, the writer calls upon our imaginations, using words to lead us to picture this declaration of love or that unfaithfulness in life．A book is a joint project between writers and readers, and we must pour so much of ourselves into reading that our own life story can become connected with the story in the book.
Perhaps what’s really strange is that we don’t re read more often．After all, we watch our favourite films again and we wouldn’t think of listening to an album only once．We treasure messy old paintings as objects, yet of all art forms, literature alone is a largely one time delight．A book, of course, takes up more time, but as Mead confirms, the rewards make it adequately worthwhile.The two books are mentioned in Paragraph 1 mainly to __________．
| A．attract the attention of readers |
| B．introduce the topic of the passage |
| C．provide some background information |
| D．show the similarity between re readers |
The underlined expression “crack their spines” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
| A．recite them |
| B．read them |
| C．recall them |
| D．retell them |
It can be learned from the passage that __________.
| A．reading benefits people both mentally and physically |
| B．readers mainly focus on feelings on their first reading |
| C．we know ourselves better through reading experience |
| D．writers inspire the same imaginations as film directors do |
The purpose of the passage is to __________.
| A．call on different understandings of old books |
| B．focus on the mental health benefits of reading |
| C．bring awareness to the significance of rereading |
| D．introduce the effective ways of reading old books |