Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values. Many decision makers have a(n) 50 to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several 51 can arise.
﹡ A 52 in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.
﹡ 53 overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually 54 because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed 55 . A major problem caused by information overload is 56 . When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.
﹡Selective use of the information will occur. 57 , the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived(预先构想的) solution or position.
﹡Mental fatigue occurs, which 58 slower work or poor quality work.
﹡ 59 fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast, careless decisions or no decisions are made at all.
The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is 60 selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to 61 subsequent information or forget earlier information.
A common 62 about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and 63 , without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions.
We might say, then every decision 64 from previous decisions: enables many future decisions, and assists other future decisions.
A．ability B．tendency C．quality D．strength
A．advantages B．agreements C．decisions D．problems
A．delay B．possibility C．solution D．settlement
A．Labor B．Knowledge C．Information D．Intelligence
A．eliminates B．declines C．qualifies D．promotes
A．relatively B．objectively C．appropriately D．personally
A．forgetfulness B．inconvenience C．uselessness D．disability
A．After all B．In addition C．In short D．That is to say
A．suffers from B．deals with C．results in D．applies to
A．Beauty B．Memory C．Sight D．Decision
A．accidentally B．consciously C．occasionally D．independently
A．ignore B．select C．store D．process
A．interest B．sense C．conclusion D．misunderstanding
A．draw a conclusion B．made a choice C．put it aside D．try it out
A．prevents B．decides C．infers D．follows
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41～60各题所给的四个选项（A.B.C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Jack Baines is a self-made millionaire, but his beginnings were very lowly. He was the youngest of eight children. His father had a 41 in a cotton mill (纱厂), but he was often 42 to work because of poor health. The family couldn’t 43 to pay the rent or bills, and the children often went 44 . After leaving school at the age of 14, Jack was 45 what to do when Mr Walker, his old teacher, offered to lend him ￡100 to start his own46 .
It was just after the war. Raw materials were not enough, and Jack saw a 47 in scrap metal(废弃金属). He bought bits of metal and stored it in an old garage. When he had built up a large amount, he sold it and 48 plenty of money. Jack 49 working hard. After one year he succeeded in 50 the ￡100.
By the time Jack was 30 years old he had 51 his first million, and he wanted to 52 this achievement by doing something “ 53 ”. With all his money it was 54 to build a beautiful home for himself and his parents. In 1959, “Baines Castle” was built in the 55 of the Lancashire countryside. It was one of the finest buildings in the country.
Jack has recently sold “Baines Castle” for ￡500 million, 56 Jack still can’t get used to 57 the good life. He can 58 be found drinking with the locals at the local pub（酒吧）.
“I remember being very 59 as a child, but never 60 as a child,” says Jack, “and I will never forget where I came from and who I am.”
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John had to go to work. So he set off half an hour 36 than usual and arrived at the library before anybody else. The 37 to come was Mr. Steele, who thought, “This must be a wonder. John is 38 the first he
re. If he came as 39 as this every morning, he would get a lot more 40 done.” John began to get on with his work and by half past nine he had 41 all the postcards he had to write. It was a quarter to ten, and Mary had not arrived 42. He wondered 43 she was ill or if she had taken the day 44. But Mr. Steele came and 45 him if he knew where Mary was. If she were ill, she would 46, he said. It’s not like her. She’s usually 47. John said that he had no 48 where Mary was. But 49 the door opened and there was Mary. She was looking very 50 and tired. She apologized to Mr. Steele and explained that she had been 51 most of the night. She hadn’t 52 to sleep until five in the morning and had overslept. Mr. Steele was very 53 and suggested that she take the day off. She 54 him and said she would stay, but she 55 said a word for the rest of the morning. John, on the other hand, was feeling happy so at one o’clock he suggested to Mary that they go and have lunch together, and she agreed.
..
A．later B．faster C．slower D．earlier
A．next B．last C．third D．first
A．almost B．about C．actually D．finally
A．soon B．early C．late D．quick
A．job B．book C．work D．thing
A．taken B．sold C．finished D．ended
A．too B．yet C．still D．already
A．whether B．why C．when D．either
A．on B．over C．off D．up
A．told B．warned C．answered D．asked
A．telephone B．drive C．ride D．stay
A．later for work B．absent C．ill D．the first to come
A．question B．idea C．thought D．mind
A．at that moment B．for a moment C．long before D．after work
A．happy B．pale C．red D．excited
A．asleep B．away C．alone D．awake
A．got B．wanted C．hoped D．begun
A．cruel B．kind C．angry D．glad
A．taught B．told C．laughed at D．thanked
A．hardly B．nearly C．mostly D．immediately
As darkness fell, hundreds of people in the Swiss vill
age left their houses. They were staring 36at the mountain top in the distance. It was covered with 37, beautiful and dangerous.
The huge mountain is called Matterhorn. Mountain climbers had 38the top, using the southern route. But no one had ever dared to try a winter climbing up the 39side. But now one man was daring to try the 40route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber from Italy.
For two days he had climbed. The village people had watched him 41. Now they were waiting to see his 42. If he planned to 43the next day, he would light a green signal. A red light would mean that he was 44.
A tiny green light 45high on the mountain side. Bonatti was not giving up! The people 46.
The next day he 47his way upward. He was so lonely and so tired! But he would not give up. Again that night he lit the 48light.
In the morning, Bonatti looked up. He could not see the top, but he knew he was 49there. 50the climb was painful, he moved up.
Bonatti had spent months 51for the climb. Was the training enough? Did he have the strength and 52to climb to the top?
He was finally at the top! News about his 53was radioed to the world.
The trip down the southern 54was easy. He was warmly welcomed in the village. He had done the " 55", and would be well remembered as a climber of all time.
..
A．up B．down C．back D．forward
A．green trees B．flowers C．rocks D．ice and snow
A．passed B．reached C．climbed D．watched
A．eastern B．western C．northern D．southern
A．different B．difficult C．easy D．same
A．anxiously B．carefully C．patiently D．eagerly
A．signal B．flag C．face D．figure
A．go down B．come back C．go on D．give up
A．turning around B．turning back C．moving up D．in danger
A．raised B．rose C．disappeared D．appeared
A．cheered B．shouted C．laughed D．jumped
A．stopped B．abandoned C．continued D．ended
A．green B．yellow C．blue D．red
A．already B．surely C．almost D．no longer
A．Because B．Though C．Since D．When
A．asking B．planning C．preparing D．training
A．money B．wish C．effort D．skill
A．victory B．climb C．courage D．thing
A．pace B．route C．path D．passage
A．necessary B．great C．important D．impossible
Thanksgiving Day was near. Lucy, the first grade teacher, gave her class a fun 36— to draw a picture of somebody or something for which they were 37. When the students 38
their assignment, she found most of them drew some pictures of their family, teachers, friends or neighbors.
Douglas, however, made a different kind of picture. He was a 39 boy. He didn’t act the same as others. He always seemed to be shy and sad. He 40played with other children during the break 41they kindly invited him to. Lucy treated him very well. She always helped him and 42 him to be confident. Yes, his picture was different. He just drew a 43. Nothing else. His abstract image 44 the imagination of his classmates. Whose hand could it be? One guessed it was a mother’s hand, for mother’s hand gives children warmth and 45 . Another child guessed it was a police officer’s hand, because the police 46people and care for people. And so the discussion 47.
When the children were discussing it, Lucy paused at Douglas’ desk, 48down, and asked him whose hand it was. The little boy murmured, “It’s 49, teacher.” Douglas was most thankful for her hand. She was 50and felt tears in her eyes. She thought of the times she had taken his hand and walked with him here or there. She 51 how often she had said to him, “Take my 52, Douglas. We’ll go outside.” or “Let me show you how to hold your pencil.”
The story speaks of 53thankfulness. It also says something about teachers teaching and parents parenting and friends showing friendship. They might not always say “ 54” out, but they’ll remember the hand that you 55out to give them love and be grateful to you always.
..
A．assignment B．question C．suggestion D．solution
A．sorry B．regretful C．thankful D．responsible
A．gave in B．handed in C．put off D．called off
A．strong B．kind C．different D．humorous
A．often B．usually C．seldom D．ever
A．because B．though C．as D．since
A．encouraged B．discouraged C．cheered D．praised
A．hand B．face C．ear D．leg
A．reduced B．ruined C．inspired D．used
A．comfort B．praise C．sorrow D．coldness
A．search B．question C．meet
A．ended B．succeeded C．continued D．failed
A．broke B．pulled C．looked D．bent
A．his B．yours C．my mother’s D．my father’s
A．disappointed B．annoyed C．tired D．touched
A．forgot B．regretted C．recalled D．understood
A．hand B．book C．lesson D．gift
A．rather than B．more than C．anything but D．nothing but
A．I’m sorry B．Take care C．I’m all right D．Thank you
A．get B．reach C．put D．make
Recently, I experienced a wonderful lesson in how little things still mean a lot. My home is on the Big Island of Hawaii. About a month ago, when I 36 my car and was about to drive off, I
37 at the roadside. A piece of paper 38 my eye. I picked it up and read it 39 . Instantly, I was grateful that I had done that.
The form turned
out to be a receipt from the State Motor Vehicle Division, documenting the owners’ 40 of their Vehicle’s Registration fees. Quickly, I put myself in their shoes and __41 : no one would throw this away, especially 42 it was current. I also looked over the form for contact or any personal 43 , perhaps a license tag or telephone number. But that seemed __44 . The form had been blown by the wind, so 45 would I find the owners? Had it been lying there for a few minutes or a week? So I checked the date and 46 the names of the owners , who must 47in our town. I believed that the best and easiest step to take was to put the form in a（n） 48 addressed to the couple and mail it by post. Further, I imagined that if I had posted the receipt to a wrong 49 , how frantic（慌乱的）I’d be. But it was much __50_ to attempt to return it than to leave them angry, upset , etc. over the 51 , so I did as I thought. My hunch（预感） was right. On the weekend, a happy couple 52 my house and brought me a big gift. They said they had panicked（恐慌）and 53 the receipt madly everywhere before giving up. Without it they would have to 54 another 8,000. It felt great to know I’d helped someone avoid a major trouble by doing 55 that at first glance seemed minor.
A．found B．started C．bought D．parked
A．lay down B．flew down C．glanced down D．jumped down
A．caught B．blocked C．kept D．covered
A．suddenly B．gladly C．formally D．carefully
A．application B．payment C．permission D．achievement
A．decided B．planned C．calculated D．thought
A．if B．because C．when D．though
A．opinions B．news C．data D．matters
A．possible B．important C．useful D．unlikely
A．why B．how C．what D．which
A．noted B．recalled C．called D．changed
A．wait B．live C．stop D．study
A．bag B．pocket C．envelope D．dustbin
A．place B．country C．way D．station
A．sadder B．better C．worse D．faster
A．luck B．pain C．mistake D．loss
A．called at B．toured around C．ran towards D．returned to
A．took away B．searched for C．looked at D．asked about
A．earn B．save C．borrow D．spend
A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything