Lichens (地衣) are difficult to see. They don’t move. They often mix into the living place. You might not even recognize one if you are looking right at it.
Lichens live on rocks, branches, houses, and even metal street signs. You can find these colorful organisms (微生物) almost everywhere — from deserts to rainforests, and from Antarctica to Africa. They’ve traveled in outer space, and some scientists think there might even be lichens on Mars.
What you probably don’t realize is that a lichen is more than a single thing. It includes two different types of living organisms: a fungus (菌类) and an alga (藻类). Neither of these organisms is a plant, so the lichen isn’t a plant either.
Through photosynthesis (光合作用), the alga gets the sun’s energy to make food for the fungus, which is the place for the alga to live in. However, the alga cannot leave the fungus.
Around the world, scientists have found tens of thousands of types of lichens. Many may not even have been discovered yet. As scientists continue to find new kinds of lichens, they are also working to understand how they are connected to one another. By putting together a lichen family tree, they hope to understand why so many different types of lichens have grown in so many places around the world.
Many researchers are trying to understand basic facts about the organisms and their connections. Researchers are also using lichens to examine the health of the environment. What do we know about lichens according to the passage?
| A．They will die if they leave Earth. |
| B．There are more lichens than plants on Earth. |
| C．They look similar to the environment around them. |
| D．They are too small to be easily seen by people. |
What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
| A．The way lichens live. |
| B．The natural environment of lichens. |
| C．The way lichens work as organisms. |
| D．The family tree of lichens. |
Which of the following statements is NOT the scientists’ purposes of studying lichens?
| A．To understand basic facts about them. |
| B．To creat a lichen family tree. |
| C．To understand how lichens are related to each other. |
| D．To understand why lichens can live in different places. |
We can know from the passage that __________.
| A．lichens can be used to better understand the environment |
| B．lichens don’t have any differences in colors or sizes |
| C．lichens don’t use photosynthesis like a green plant |
| D．scientists have discovered every kind of lichen |
Tom Brennan was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book.
This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure-a 120-page diary kept 190 years age by Deborah Logan, "a woman who knew everybody in her day, "James Green ,the librarian told the magazine American Libraries.
Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia ,It also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington .D. C in the war of 1812.She describes President James Madison on horseback as "perfectly shaking with fear" during the troubled days. George Wash- ington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man. and praised her excellent English ．
The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from Eng- land to deliver the diary of his ancestor(祖先）to the Library Company, which he and his wife considered to be the best home for the diary.
Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession" about five minutes" when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to realise that he had left it in the taxi.
Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck," I've felt sick since then," Luxmoore told reporters.
According to Green. no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building .
Tom Brennan received a reward(奖励)of 1,000,Philadelphia gained another treasure for its histo- ry, and Luxmoore told reporters, "It's wonderful news. I'm on high".This article mainly tells about the story of ＿＿＿＿＿
| A．a lost diary | B．Deborah Logan |
| C．Cory Luxmoore | D．the Library Company |
From the text,we learn that the diary is now owned by＿＿＿＿＿
| A．Tom Brennan |
| B．an unknown person |
| C．a Philadelphia magazine |
| D．the Library Company of Philadelphia |
Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because＿＿＿＿＿.
| A．it was written in Philadelphia |
| B．it tells stories about Philadelphia |
| C．people in the city are interested in old things |
| D．the British and the Americans once fought in Philadelphia |
Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?
a-Tom Brennan found the book in an office building.
b-The book was shown to James Green.
c-Cory Luxmoore arrived from England.
d-The book was left behind in a taxi.
| A．a. b. c. d | B．c. b. d. a |
| C．a. c. d. b | D．c. a. b. d |
What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said "I'm on high"?
| A．I'm rich | B．I'm famous |
| C．I'm excited | D．I'm lucky. |
The easy way out isn't always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Dong loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Doug laughing at my work, I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Doug got home , we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice . He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in out rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母)made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. I had to admit what the 'living thing 'was and why it was there. I don't know who was more embarrassed(尴尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___________
| A．to tell an interesting experience |
| B．to show the easiest way out of a difficulty |
| C．to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman |
| D．to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books |
Why did the woman's attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?
| A．The canned orange had gone bad. |
| B．She didn't use the right kind of flour. |
| C．The cookbook was hard to understand. |
| D．She did not follow the directions closely. |
Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?
| A．She didn't see the use of keeping it |
| B．She meant to joke with her husband. |
| C．She didn't want her husband to see it. |
| D．She hoped it would soon dry in the son. |
What made the dough in the rubbish bin?
| A．The rising and falling movement. |
| B．The strange-looking marks. |
| C．Its shape. |
| D．Its size. |
When Doug went out the third time , the woman looked out of the window because she was ______________.
| A．surprised at his being interested in the bin |
| B．afraid that he would discover her secret |
| C．unhappy that he didn't enjoy the meal |
| D．curious to know what disturbed him |
Besides the excitement of travel, one reason to study abroad is that you will experience new customs, holidays, foods, art, music, and politics firsthand.
“I learned the language and am now fluent, but perhaps what’s more important was how much I learned about cultures, people, and myself. I learned this from the viewpoint of an active member of the community and my host family, not from the tourist’s point of view,” says Andrew, who studied in Poitiers, France.
Another reason for studying abroad is that you’ll gain self-confidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10 million people and a huge change from her home town of 35,000! Christina says she learned how to better stand up for herself and her beliefs and to express herself in another language. What could make you more confident than that?
Living away from home can also help you adjust in the transition(过渡) to college and adulthood. Mathew says he returned from studying in Australia with confidence and a real interest in international affairs that made him different from his peers(同龄人). “After having gone abroad in high school, I found the transition to college to be a breeze –moving 560 miles from home didn’t seem particularly frightening after having lived thousands of miles away.”
Most of all, it’s fun while you’re studying in a different learning environment.The passage is mainly about .
| A．the benefits of studying abroad |
| B．living in a foreign country |
| C．the excitement of travel |
| D．learning a language |
What did Andrew pay special attention to while studying abroad?
| A．Host families. | B．The foreign cultures. |
| C．Places of interest. | D．Community problems. |
The example of Christina mainly shows that studying abroad can .
| A．change our habits | B．offer us opportunities |
| C．increase our knowledge | D．build our confidence |
The underlined words “a breeze” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to .
| A．something very important | B．something very interesting |
| C．something very easy | D．something very soft |
No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. It is important to make the right impression from the very first day. You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be difficult to know what to do. Here are five tips to help you make it through the first days at a new job:
1．First impressions can last forever. Make sure you make a good one. Before your first day, find out if your new job has a dress code (rules about what you can wear to work). If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what, always be neat and clean.
2．Get to work on time. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time.
3．Pay attention to introductions. One of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers. These co-workers will be important to you. They are the ones who will answer your questions when the boss is not around.
4．Ask a lot of questions. Make sure that your supervisor has told you what is expected of you. If he or she has not told you your duties, ask for a list. Set daily and weekly goals for yourself.
5．Never be the first one to leave. Observe what your co-workers do around quitting time (下班时间). It does not look good for you to be eager to leave.Before you arrive at work, you should .
| A．dress in a right way | B．introduce yourself quickly |
| C．know your duties | D．know your co-workers well |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．You should be the first one to arrive at work. |
| B．You should ask your co-workers for your duties. |
| C．You should not be eager to go back home. |
| D．You are required to arrive 15 minutes earlier. |
In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “supervisor” may be a “”
| A．visitor | B．teacher | C．workmate | D．leader |
What is the best title for this passage?
| A．Getting a New Job |
| B．Tips on How to Work |
| C．The First – day Work Tips |
| D．The Importance of Co-workers |
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son. Suddenly a crow(乌鸦) landed on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is that?”
The son replied, “That is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is that?”
The son said, “Father, I told you just now. it is a crow.”
After a little while, the father asked his son the same question for the third time, “What is that?”
This time his son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? I have told you already. ‘IT IS A CROW.’ Are you not able to understand this?”
A minute later the father went to his room and came back with a diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page:
Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow suddenly landed on the window edge. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied him 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel angry, but instead felt affection for my son.
If your parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden, but speak to them gently, and be kind to them. Form today on say this aloud, “I want to see my parents happy forever. They have cared for me ever since I was a little child. They have always showered me with love. I will take care of my old parents in the BEST way no matter how they behave.”The writer mainly wants to .
| A．call on us to love our parents |
| B．tell us the function of a diary |
| C．teach us what a crow is |
| D．introduce a pair of son and father |
According to the passage, the son felt when his father kept asking the same question.
| A．puzzled | B．grateful |
| C．angry | D．surprised |
We can know that the father wrote this diary at the age of .
| A．eighty | B．forty-five |
| C．thirty-eight | D．thirty-five |
The old man brought out the diary, which he had kept since his son was born, because.
| A．he forgot what had happened |
| B．he would like his son to read it |
| C．it could remind himself of the past |
| D．he wanted to find what a crow was in his diary |