请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
You probably know what fast food is. It is cooked food that is ready almost as soon as you enter a public eating place. It does not cost much.
Most fast food restaurants are chain (连锁) restaurants. That means each one is part of a huge company. Each restaurant in the chain has the same large, colorful sign that can be easy to recognize from far away. Each offers its own carefully limited choice of foods. Each kind of hamburger or piece of chicken tastes the same at every restaurant in the chain.
The fast food industry began with two brothers in the nineteen forties. Mac and Dick McDonald owned a small, but very successful restaurant. They sold only a few kinds of simple food, especially hamburgers. People stood outside the restaurant at a window. They told the workers inside what they wanted to eat. They received and paid for their food very quickly. The food came in containers that could be thrown away. The system was so successful that the McDonald brothers discovered they could sell a lot of food and lower their prices.
Ray Kroc sold restaurant supplies. He recognized the importance of the McDonald brothers' idea. Kroc paid the McDonald brothers for permission to open several restaurants similar to theirs. He opened the first McDonald's restaurant near Chicago in nineteen fifty-five. Soon, more McDonald's were opening all across the United States. Other people copied the idea and more fast food restaurants followed.
Fast food restaurants spread quickly in the United States because of franchising. Franchising means selling the legal right to operate a store in a company's chain to an independent business person. If the company approves, the business person may buy the store for a period of years. Each restaurant also gives the company about ten percent of the money it earns in sales. Today, over seventy percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent businessmen and women.
| McDonald's and fast food industry |
|
| Explanation of fast food |
It is cooked food which is more convenient and much ( |
| Characters of the chain restaurants |
There are: ▲( ▲carefully ( ▲the ( |
| ( |
It developed from Mac and Dick McDonald’s ( |
| Great changes brought by Kroc to McDonald's |
▲The McDonald brothers ( ▲Franchising made Fast food restaurants spread (79) in the United States. |
| Current situation |
At most ( |
Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
As we all know, all the governments in the world collect taxes（税）, but what are they and what are they used for? Some people may not know about them.
There are two kinds of taxes. One of the most important taxes is income-taxes which a person pays according to the amount of his income. Whatever he is, he must pay tax if income is more than a certain amount. This is called a “direct” tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government.
Another tax is paid on goods. When they are brought into a country, such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are later sold in shops. We call it “indirect” tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers.
People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on what they need. On one hand, we need policemen and soldiers to protect us from danger. Meanwhile, we also need schools and teachers for our children. On the other hand, we need officials and workers to serve us. Above all, we need money to develop our nation.
Taxes, therefore, can’t be avoided. We have no real reason to complain when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.
Title: are necessary in our life
| Sources |
People→Taxes |
_ |
Tax-payers |
| People whose income is over a certain amount |
|||
| Indirect tax |
___ |
||
| Taxes→ |
On safety— |
||
| On education— |
|||
| On development— |
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
A conflict at work is common. If you can avoid conflict, it means you will win what you want regardless of what the other person wants. Since the potential issue has not been removed, it will simply reappear later. Here are the necessary steps to effectively get rid of conflicts at work.
★Be aware of the fact that some conflicts are unavoidable at work. On numerous occasions, conflict and disagreement are likely to happen. But when a conflict happens it’s not the end of the world. On the contrary, it can be the beginning of an interesting learning process. Conflicts mean that people care enough to disagree strongly. The trick is not to allow the conflict to go on forever.
★ Deal with conflicts sooner rather than later. Solve a conflict when it starts, as it only gets worse with time going by. Conflicts at work arise not from something that was said, but from something that wasn’t said! Everyone’s waiting for the other to admit he’s wrong and gets more unpleasant after the conflict has lasted a while. It’s essential to interrupt the "waiting game" before it gets to that point.
★ Ask nicely. If somebody has done something that made you angry, or if you don’t understand their viewpoint or actions, simply asking nicely about it can make a world of difference. Never assume that people do what they do to annoy or hurt you. Sometimes there’s a good reason why that person does what he or she does, and a potential conflict disappear right there. Do remember to make an inquiry, not an accusation of any sort.
★ Appreciate. Praise the other part in the conflict. Tell them why it’s worth it to you to solve the conflict. This can be difficult as few people find it easy to praise and appreciate a person they disagree strongly with, but it’s a great way to move forward.
| Topic |
How to |
| Reason |
Conflicts won’t |
handling conflicts |
● Don’t be afraid of conflicts which cart happen in many and try to resolve a conflict soon or it will get ●Interrupt the "waiting game" and try to admit your ● Don’t imagine people do something to make you on purpose. ● Remember not to what they do, which may make a difference. ● Try to appreciate the other part in the conflict although it is |
| If you learn to do with conflicts, you’ll work in joy. |
任务型阅读根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
Many people think a telephone is a necessity. But I think it is a pest (有害的事物) and a time waste. Very often you find it impossible to escape from it. If you have a telephone in your 
own house, you will admit that it
tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it? You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Have you ever rushed crippling from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?
But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only usable for outgoing calls. Besides, you will say, isn’t it important to have a telephone in case of sudden emergency—illness, accident, or fire? Of course, you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like England one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity.
I think perhaps I had better try to justify (证明是有理的) myself by trying to prove that what I like is good. I admit that in different circumstances—if I were a wealthy and powerful businessperson, for instance, or badly ill and had to lie in bed, I might find a telephone a necessity. But then if I were a taxi-driver I should find a car as necessity. Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to show particular talent: one 
is mechanical invention, the other literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them, for I have had just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it. After all, one never knows, it may be something important.
| Title: The |
||
| Different |
Many people |
It is |
| The author |
It can |
|
| Not everyone, |
||
| I don’t need it because my job is writing. |
||
| It always seems to ring when one is doing something else or doesn’t want it to ring. |
||
| Almost |
||
| One |
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
Is there a “success personality”—some winning combination of qualities that leads almost inevitably (必然地) to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula(公式), and can anyone develop it?
At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, inquiring into the attitudes of 1500 distinguished people selected at random from Who’s Who in America. Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is common sense.
Common sense is the most widely possessed quality of the people surveyed. Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this quality. And 61 percent say that common sense is very important in contributing to their success.
To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to remove extra ideas and get right to the key points of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: “The key ability for success is simplifying. In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important.”
Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man’s answer is that common sense can definitely be developed. He owes this to learning how to debate in school. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their—and your own—mistakes.
Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self-reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense stands out. If you develop these qualities, you’ll succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in Who’s Who someday.
| Secrets to success |
|
| Finding of the |
Top achievers have some common |
| The most important quality |
79 percent of the people surveyed |
| Understanding of common sense |
To most, it means one is |
| Other factors leading to success |
It’s easy to see how the sawfish got its name. These frightful creatures can grow to be more than 6 meters long. Their bodies are flat and winged, like underwater airplanes. And their noses are shaped like chainsaws.
Sawfish are food hunters of the sea. When a sawfish is hungry, it waves its sharp-toothed snout（口鼻部）through a group of fish. Then, it lifts its nose and uses its mouth to draw the injured victims.
Hardy（适应力强的）population of sawfish thrived in warm waters along coastlines around the world for thousands of years. Over the past 200 years, however, human actions have severely endangered sawfish. Threats include fishing nets that trap the huge animals, often by mistake.
Some people collect sawfish’s snouts as prizes: One snout recently sold for nearly $ 1,600 online. In some Asian cultures, the toothy snouts are used in ceremonies to drive evil and disease away. And sawfish are also delicious. A growing demand in Asia for the fish’s fins for a pricey soup has contributed to the fish’s loves. Compared with other fish, sawfish give birth late in life and at slow rates, which makes it hard for them to recover from overfishing.
New efforts now aim to restore sawfish population. Beginning next month, an international agreement will provide protection for all seven of the world’s sawfish species. Scientists are hoping that it’s not too late to save the sawfish.
Until 1998, “this fish had never been formally studied in the United States,” says Tonya Wiley of the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Fla. “We didn’t know such basic things as where they live, what habitat they use, how often they breed, how many young they have — even what age sawfish are when they begin breeding.”
Through historical studies and field research, scientists have become aware of how much the fish’s numbers have decreased. Today, there may be 90 percent fewer sawfish than there used to be. Wiley estimates that only 3,000 to 6,000 sawfish remain in US waters.
Sawfish
| Descriptions |
Size |
|||
| Body: Flat and winged |
Nose: Like a chainsaw |
|||
| Attacking fish with |
||||
| Drawing the injured victims with its mouth |
||||
| Sawfish’s snout relates business |
||||
| Its |
||||
| Only 10 % sawfish left |
||||
| 3,000 to 6,000 remain in US waters |
||||
| Efforts |
Measure |
|||
| Restoring sawfish population |
||||