Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables(变量): language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To deal with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment lie in the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural differences. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from disappearing.
The other school suggests that companies must adjust business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia(近视) or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your rivals, know your audience, and know your customer. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
| A．Business diversity is not necessary. |
| B．All international managers can learn culture. |
| C．Most people do not know foreign culture well. |
| D．Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. |
According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
| A．is different from the model of McDonald’s . |
| B．reflect the idea that business is business. |
| C．has converged cultural differences . |
| D．shows the reverse of globalization . |
The two schools of thought .
| A．both think dealing with cultural environment is the most complicated problem in business |
| B．both admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world. |
| C．both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries. |
| D．both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures. |
This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
| A．who have connections to more than one type of culture |
| B．who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity |
| C．who want to run business in other countries |
| D．who want to travel abroad |
A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some countries people even said that the sun was a god (神). They thought the god drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the sun.
The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.A long time ago, people said the sun was ____.
| A．a golden horse of god | B．a god on a golden horse |
| C．a god with golden dress | D．a god and a golden horse |
The earth travels over ____ miles an hour.
| A．1,000 | B．100,000 | C．6,000,000 | D．60,000 |
One year is ____
| A．the time for the earth to turn round. |
| B．the time the earth travels one thousand miles. |
| C．one circle the earth goes round the sun. |
| D．the journey of the earth. |
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
However, it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk 'dog', and dogs can learn how to talk 'Cat'.
What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other's body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other's presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.
The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets─to people who don't get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
| A．early | B．sweetly | C．quickly | D．smoothly |
Some cats and dogs may fight when _____.
| A．they are cold to each other |
| B．they look away from each other |
| C．they misunderstood each other's signals |
| D．they are introduced at an early age |
What is found surprising about cats and dogs?
| A．They eat and sleep each other. |
| B．They observe each other's behaviors. |
| C．They learn to speak each other's language. |
| D．They know something from each other's voices. |
It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _____.
| A．have common interests |
| B．are less different than was thought |
| C．have a common body language |
| D．are less intelligent than was expected |
What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?
| A．We should learn to live in harmony. |
| B．We should know more about animals. |
| C．We should live in peace with animals. |
| D．We should learn more body languages. |
“Have you ever heard the old saying, “Never judge(判断)a book by its cover”? This is a good rule to follow when you try to judge the cleverness of others by their looks and performance. Some people have minds that shine only in certain situations. A young man with an unusual gift(天赋)in novel writing may find himself speechless before a pretty girl. But don’t make the mistake of thinking he might not be that clever. With a pen and paper, he can tell what he thought very well.
Other people may fool you into mistakenly thinking they are clever by putting up a good front.
A student who listens carefully and takes notes in class is sure to make a good impression(印象)on his teachers. But when it comes to exams, he may get scores much lower than his classmates.
We may conclude that：you can’t judge someone by appearances. The only way to tell whether a person is clever or not is to get to know him by observing(观察) how he reacts to(反映)different situations. The more situations you observe, the more accurate(准确的)your judgement is likely to be. So take your time. Don’t judge the book by its cover.The best title for this passage is___________________________
| A．Judging cleverness |
| B．Choosing a book |
| C．A speechless young man |
| D．Putting up a good front |
The main idea of the passage is ___________________
| A．don’t judge a book by its cover |
| B．don’t judge a person’s cleverness by appearance |
| C．people may fool you by putting up a good front |
| D．make sure you know someone well before observing him |
The young man mentioned in the passage________________.
| A．is stupid |
| B．is a good student |
| C．is a good writer |
| D．is successful with girls |
According to the passage, true knowledge of a person’s cleverness comes from_____________.
| A．the grades he gets in school |
| B．his manners at parties |
| C．his outward appearanc |
| D．how he behaves in different situations |
Thepassage suggests that in judging a person’s intelligence we should_____________.
| A．make quick judgements |
| B．be creative |
| C．have patience and be careful |
| D．give him a test |
Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting at the station. Some were standing in line, others were walking around. A teacher was trying to keep a group of schoolgirls in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.
He walked into the station cafe. He looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子) on the wall. Just then, Peter, one of Tom's workmates came in and sat with Tom. "What time is your bus?" asked Peter. "There is a lot of time yet." answered Tom. "Well, I'll get you some more tea then." They talked while drinking. Then Tom looked at the clock again. "Oh! It's going backward(反方向的)!" he cried. "A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven." "You are looking at the clock in the mirror." said Peter. Tom was so sad. The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.Tom went into the station caf ? Because _____.
| A．Peter asked him to have a cup of tea |
| B．it was quite early and he could find a seat there |
| C．he didn't like to stay with the schoolgirls |
| D．he wanted to have a drink with his workmate there |
What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror the last time?
| A．Half past twelve | B．Twenty to twelve |
| C．Half past eleven | D．Half past one |
From the story we know that when we look at a clock in a mirror, we will find _____.
| A．the time is right | B．it's going slower |
| C．it's going backward | D．it's going faster |
Which of the following is true?
| A．Tom arrived in Paris on time |
| B．The next bus would leave in half an hour |
| C．After that Tom didn't like clocks any longer |
| D．Tom looked at the clock in the mirror only once |
Which of the following is the best title for the story?
| A．The Mirror of the Station |
| B．Not a Careful Man |
| C．Missing a bus |
| D．The Man and the Mirror |
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces.
A young couple viewing the painting ahead of me chattered nonstop between themselves. I watched them for a moment and decided it was the woman who was doing all the talking. I admired his patience for putting up with her constant parade of words. Distracted by their noise, I moved on.
I encountered them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant gush of words, I moved away quickly.
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple approached the exit. Before they left, the man took a long cane and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He is a brave man,” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would have given up if we went blind at such a young age. During his recovery, he made a promise that his life wouldn’t change. So, as before, he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art?” I asked. “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see? You’re wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do,” the clerk said. “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to alter his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away with their arms intertwined. Which of the following shows the wife’s patience?
a. I admired his patience for putting up with her constant parade of words.
b. Each time I heard her constant gush of words, I moved away quickly.
c. The young man made a promise that his life wouldn’t change.
d. His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.
| A．c | B．cd | C．bd | D．abd |
How does the writer feel about the wife in the first three paragraphs?
| A．The writer admires her patience. |
| B．The writer hates her patience. |
| C．The writer enjoys hearing her constant gush of words. |
| D．The writer hates hearing her constant gush of words. |
According to the last paragraph, what did the writer see that day?
| A．The young man’s patience, courage and love for the wife. |
| B．The wife’s patience, courage and love for the young man. |
| C．The wife’s patience, the young man’s courage and their love for each other. |
| D．The young man’s patience, the wife’s courage and their love for each other. |
We can conclude from the passage that __________.
| A．the physical disability changed the young man, but the wife tries to help him out of his pain with her patience and love |
| B．the physical disability couldn’t change the young man’s life, and his wife helps him out with her care and love |
| C．the physical disability couldn’t change the young man’s life, and his wife helps him out with her patience and love |
| D．the physical disability changed the young man’s belief in life, but the wife helps him out with her patience and love |