Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep needed depends on the age of the person and the conditions in which sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with less than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. It is then a matter of good judgement to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his strength and get ready for a day’s work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. It is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open 
air. When one can keep himself warm, out-of-door sleeping probably gives the body its most complete relaxation(松弛).
Ability(能力) to sleep is large lay habit. The conditions referred to only lead to sleep. Out-of-door exercises, a good habit of regular hours and the avoidance(避免) of late eating and worry, which are largely within the control of any person, are all helpful to sound sleep.
A bath at bedtime, neither hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep-producing drug(药）should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor. How many hours are usually enough for the health of a pupil?
| A．Less than eight hours. | B．No more than eight hours. |
| C．Eight hours or so. | D．No less than eight hours. |
What does “sound sleep” mean?
| A．Long sleep. | B．Fast sleep. | C．Complete sleep. | D．Sleep without any sound. |
Which of the following is helpful to good sleep?
| A．Keeping good habits. | B．Staying up late night. |
| C．Eating something at bedtime. | D．Forming the habit of taking sleep-producing drug. |
The amount of sleep a person needs has something to do with________.
| A．his age | B．his height | C．his weight | D．his character |
Before going to bed, you’d better not_______.
| A．take a bath | B．do any housework | C．think a lot | D．go out for relaxation |
The state of Colorado has four of the 58 national parks in the United States.These have been judged as the best places of all the national parks.
Black Canyon of Gunnison National Park
This park lies in western Colorado and offers the most impressive views from up in the mountains into the canyons (峡谷)below.While exploring the canyons,you will find that the walls drop nearly straight down into very narrow valleys with snake-like rivers below.Visitors are offered more than 100 camping sites,and a lot of bird species and many animals are native to the area.
Rocky Mountain National Park
It is the only national park in the north central region in the state of Colorado.Elevations (高地)in this park you will find are anywhere from 8,000 feet to 14,259 at the top of Longs Peak.While travelling throughout this park,you will find there are two very different climates because of the fact that the tops of the Rocky Mountains make a difference.With 359 miles of trails for hiking,there are a lot of places for camping,horseback riding and just enjoying the sights of nature.
Mesa Verde National Park
This is probably the most interesting of all the national parks,offering an extremely interesting trip back in time to 600 A.D.up to 1,300 A.D.This park was declared (宣布)a protected national park in 1906 because of the cliff dwellings (住人的崖洞)that were found throughout the park area,which was once home to American Indians.Visitors can actually walk through these dwellings,and they may imagine what each room may have been used for so many years ago.
Great Sand Dunes National Park
The Great Sand Dunes (沙丘)National Park lies in south central Colorado,about 127 miles from Pueblo.This park has the tallest sand dunes in all of North America,with trails for hiking.Natural sandy beaches there are good for people who want to swim around the small rivers and lakes.A person who enjoys mountains and rivers will visit .
| A．Black Canyon of Gunnison National Park |
| B．Rocky Mountain National Park |
| C．Mesa Verde National Park |
| D．Great Sand Dunes National Park |
Which of the following is TRUE about Rocky Mountain National Park?( )
A.It has the tallest mountains in the USA.
B.It has very different weather conditions.
C.It is the most interesting national park.
D.It is about 359 miles from Pueblo.If you are interested in history you will visit .
| A．Rocky Mountain National Park |
| B．Black Canyon of Gunnison National Park |
| C．Great Sand Dunes National Park |
| D．Mesa Verde National Park |
Mesa Verde National Park has been a protected national park for around years.
| A．1,000 | B．1,500 | C．100 | D．200 |
In choosing a friend,one should be very careful.A good friend can help you study.You can have fun together and make each other happy.Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.They will be with you as long as you have money or luck,but when you are down,they will run away.How do I know when I have found a good friend?I look for certain qualities (品质) of character,especially understanding,honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all,I look for understanding in a friend.A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling.He is not quick to judge.Instead,he tries to learn from others.He puts himself in the other person’s place,and he tries to think of ways to be helpful.He is also a good listener.
At the same time,however,a good friend is honest.He does not look for faults (过错) in others.He notices their good points.In short,a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability.I can always depend on (信赖) a good friend.If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time,I can be sure that he will be there.If I need a favor,he will do his best to help me.If I am in trouble,he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special.A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.We should enjoy our lives,and we would enjoy our friendship.That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.A good friend likes the same things I like.We share experience (经验) and learn from each other.A good friend has a good sense of humor (幽默),too.He likes to laugh with me.That is how we share in the joy of being friends.And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable,honest,and understanding,I know I’ve found a friend!Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?( )
| A．Understanding. | B．Honesty. |
| C．Reliability. | D．A sense of humor. |
If you have fair weather friends,.
| A．they will give you all that they have when you need help |
| B．you will be refused when you get into trouble |
| C．you will become rich |
| D．you can be sure that you get real friends |
Good friends need to .
| A．always point out each other’s mistakes |
| B．be helped with money |
| C．understand each other’s feelings |
| D．have money or luck |
This passage mainly discusses .
| A．the qualities of a friend |
| B．where to choose friends |
| C．how to get along with friends |
| D．the importance of having a friend |
In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, "Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day." And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are "untouched by human hands" and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal.
Computer criminals don't use guns. And even they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witnesses and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York City Bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else's account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records.
Some employees use the computer's power to get revenge on employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days' notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the company's computerized records.
Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is "the tip of the iceberg". As one official says, "I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing—the ones who really know how a computer works."Which feature of computers makes computer theft possible?
| A．They are fast, flexible and accurate. |
| B．They usually function normally. |
| C．They have no sense of what is right or wrong. |
| D．They are honest and have no reason to steal money. |
The author uses the case of the head teller to show_______.
| A．how computer criminals so evil things |
| B．how hard it is to find computer criminals |
| C．computers lack conscience |
| D．computer crime can involve a big sum of money |
The head teller was found guilty of stealing ________.
| A．when he was caught transmitting money from one account to another |
| B．when the police broke up the illegal gambling operation |
| C．afer he was questioned on the abnormal balance of an account |
| D．after the police examined the illegal gambling operation documents |
Why did the computer tape librarian erase all the company’s computerized records?
| A．She thought it was right to revenge any injustice in professional problems. |
| B．She thought the employer was wrong to fire her for personal problems. |
| C．The company carelessly gave her enough time to do the erasing. |
| D．The company always interfered with its employees’ personal life. |
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
| A．Computer criminals are minor employees. |
| B．Of all crimes, computer theft is “the tip of the iceberg”. |
| C．Computer crimes are all poorly done. |
| D．There are more computer crimes committed by computer experts. |
In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized. That will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car in the future will drive itself. And it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.
Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices(装置) to regulate(调节) the distance between one car and another. The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.
By 2016, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. And by 2020, cars will travel in line, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount.”says Davis. “but all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”We know from the passage that governments and car manufactures____________.
| A．don’t believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020 |
| B．are dedicated to the technological invention in car industry |
| C．consider the prediction made by the researchers seriously |
| D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production |
Which of the following will be the characteristic of transport in 2020?
| A．The cars will consume no fuels. |
| B．There won’t be any car accidents. |
| C．All cars will be driven at the same speed. |
| D．All car drivers will be trained to be more skillful than today’s. |
Davis believes that the present car culture will change because__________.
| A．cars play an important role in daily life |
| B．many societies would stop working without cars |
| C．cars should not be owned by one individual |
| D．it causes more and more agonies（烦恼） to human society |
Which of the following sentences can explain “better use of roads”by 2020 mentioned in the passage?
| A．Computer-driven cars drive much closer together than cars driven by people. |
| B．Motorists can have a clear view of the road whatever the weather conditions are. |
| C．Cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other by an electronic tow bar. |
| D．Intelligent cruise control devices can regulate the distance between one car and another. |
What will happen if cars are linked to each other electronically in 2020?
| A．Motorists will get a clear view of the road. |
| B．The weather conditions won’t have effect on motorists. |
| C．There will be a great decrease in the pollution caused by cars. |
| D．All trains will burn less fuel than present. |
Providing a highquality education for all children is important to America's economic future.President Obama has decided to provide every child with access to a complete and competitive education，from cradle (摇篮)through career.
The years before a child reaches kindergarten are among the most critical in his or her life to influence learning.The President will urge states to introduce high standards across all publicly funded early learning settings，develop new programs to improve opportunities and outcomes，engage parents in their child's early learning and development，and improve the early education workforce.
President Obama will reform America's public schools to deliver a 21st century education that will prepare all children for success in the new global workplace.He will push to end the use of ineffective，“offtheshelf” tests，and support new，stateoftheart assessment and responsibility systems that provide timely and useful information about the learning and progress of students.
Teachers are the single most important resource to children's learning.President Obama will invest in a national effort to reward outstanding teachers，while enlisting the best and brightest in the field of teaching.And he will challenge State and school districts to remove ineffective teachers from the classroom.
The President believes that investment in education must be accompanied by reform and innovation (创新)．He supports the expansion of highquality charter schools (特许学校)．He has challenged States to lift limits that stop growth among successful charter schools and has encouraged strict responsibility for all charter schools.
President Obama has decided to ensure that America will regain its lost ground and have the highest proportion of students graduating from college in the world by 2020.The President believes that regardless of educational path after high school，all Americans should enroll in at least one year of higher education or job training to better prepare our workforce for the 21st century economy.
To reach these goals，the President has decided to increase higher education access and success by restructuring and greatly expanding college financial aid，while making federal programs simpler，more reliable，and more efficient for students.What's President Obama's idea about education?
| A．To offer all children a full and good education. |
| B．To urge states to introduce high standards. |
| C．To enable every child to succeed in a global economy. |
| D．To increase higher education access. |
What does the underlined word “critical” in Paragraph 2 mean?
| A．Very formal. | B．Very important. |
| C．Very difficult. | D．Very ordinary. |
Which of the following things is NOT part of President Obama's decision?
| A．Remove ineffective teachers from the classroom. |
| B．Reform America's public schools. |
| C．Enlist some teachers from other countries. |
| D．Expand highquality charter schools. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．America has the largest number of college students. |
| B．All American children will receive higher education for free. |
| C．More and more American people intend to work as a teacher. |
| D．America's college education is worse than before. |
What does President Obama advise all Americans to do after high school?
| A．To stop the use of “offtheshelf” tests. |
| B．To receive higher education or job training. |
| C．To invest in higher education. |
| D．To expand college financial aid. |