For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans wi
th restaurants and places that wash clothes. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.
The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there，they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land， the men st
aked a claim (立界标表明所有权) for themselves by placing makers’ in the ground. However，either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in getting a mining claim to make a profit ( where others saw no way to do so) ,they became the target".Of their competitors. They were troubled and attacked in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some places even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to wash clothes for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this" women's work". ) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.
In the early 1860's many more Chinese arrived in California. This time railroad companies brought the men in to build the first railroad line from California to the East. They were sorely needed because the work was so hard and dangerous，and it was carried on in such an isolated part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of the first Chinese in America， these Chinese were almost all males; and like them，too，they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed，and the Chinese laborers returned to California—thousands of them，all out of work
Many of today's Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers.
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. |
| B．Many more Chinese arrived in California to construct the first railroad from California to the East. |
| C．Early Chinese immigrants to America experienced a lot of prejudice and discrimination. |
| D．Prejudice and discrimination that Chinese Americans met. |
. Why did the Chinese become the target of their competitors?
| A．Because the Chinese were different and they worked patiently to achieve a lot of success while others couldn't. |
| B．The Chinese were so different from the others. |
| C．They worked so patiently with little payment |
| D．There were almost no women in California in those days. |
What was the fate of the Chinese after the construction of the railroad?
| A．They went back to their own country |
B．They stayed to work in the ra ilroad companies. |
| C．They went to California to search for gold. |
| D．The hostility grew especially strong. |
. What is the meaning of the word" encountered"?
| A．face. | B．Count. | C．Enter. | D．Handle. |
The following statements are true EXCEPT .
| A．during the California Gold Rush of 1849，people staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground |
| B．the first Chinese went to America because they wanted to work as farmhands or as fishermen |
| C．many of today's Chinese Americans are the descendants of the early miners and railroad workers |
| D．the Chinese were sorely needed because the work was so dangerous |
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.What is the author's opinion on cramming?
| A．It leads to failure in college exams. |
| B．It's helpful only in a limited way. |
| C．It's possible to result in poor memory. |
| D．It increases students' learning interest. |
Much later that night, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it's part of a contract(契约)we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it's an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination(倾向)．Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust. We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.The event made the author strongly believe that________.
| A．traffic rules may be unnecessary |
| B．doubting others is human nature |
| C．patience is important to drivers |
| D．a society needs mutual trust |
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them....If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________.
| A．run short of clean water |
| B．dig deep holes for fun |
| C．dirty the snow nearby |
| D．get lost in the wild |
For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month....What does the word“residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
| A．chickens | B．tomatoes |
| C．gardens | D．people |
A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic—you're a born artist, point guard or numbers person. The fixed mindset believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.A fixed mindset person is probably one who _____.
| A．doesn't want to work hard |
| B．cares a lot about personal safety |
| C．cannot share his ideas with others |
| D．can succeed with the help of teachers |