What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further; he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one tim
e must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证) must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity, arrived at the theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性) of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s
ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses
many to
ols for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算) that may test his investigations What makes a scientist according to the passage?
| A．The tools he uses. | B．His ways of learning |
| C．The way he uses his tools | D．The various tools he uses |
“…knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone.”
The writer says this to show ___________.
| A．the importance of information |
| B．the difference between scientists and ordinary people. |
| C．the importance of thinking |
| D．the difference between carpenters and ordinary people |
A sound scientific theory should be one that _________.
| A．works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times |
| B．doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions |
| C．Can be used many times under different conditions |
| D．Can be used for many purposes |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Scientists are different from ordinary people. |
| B．The Theory of Relativity. |
| C．Exactness is the core (核心) of science. |
| D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist. |
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/carers， and select two activities they would like to do． Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school． Before choices are finalised， parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices．
|
Activity |
Description |
Member of staff |
Cost |
|
Outdoor Adventure （OUT） |
Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week，discover new personal qualities，and learn new skills．You will be able to take in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor．Learn rock climbing and work as a team，and enjoy the great outdoor environment． |
Mr．Clemens |
£140 |
|
WWI Battlefields and Paris （WBP） |
On Monday we travel to London． After staying overnight in London，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields．On Day 3 we cross into Belgium．Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks．Our final day，Friday，sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights． |
Mrs．Wilson |
£425 |
|
Crafty Foxes（CRF） |
Four days of product design centred around textiles．Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials． Bags，cushions and decorations…Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles． |
Mrs．Goode |
£30 |
|
Potty about Potter （POT） |
Visit Warner Bros Studio，shop stop to buy picnic，stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley﹣on ﹣Thames，guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch，boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks，before heading back to Exeter． |
Miss Drake |
£150 |
（1）Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping？
A．OUT．
B．WBP．
C．CRF．
D．POT．
（2）What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs． Wilson？
| A． |
Travel to London． |
| B． |
See a parade and fireworks． |
| C． |
Tour Central Paris． |
| D． |
Visit the WWI battlefields． |
（3）How long does Potty about Potter last？
| A． |
Two days． |
| B． |
Four days． |
| C． |
Five days． |
| D． |
One week． |
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can't do" attitudes. We all fall down.We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what's at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can't." Dream big and climb high!
（1）What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
（2）Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15 words)
（3）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
（5）What's your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
（1）According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.
| A． |
anxious to do wonders |
| B． |
sensitive to others' feelings |
| C． |
likely to develop unpleasant habits |
| D． |
eager to explore the world around them |
（2）What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
| A． |
To avoid jumping to conclusions. |
| B． |
To stop complaining all the time. |
| C． |
To follow the teacher's advice. |
| D． |
To admit mistakes honestly. |
（3）The bird watchers' behavior shows that they __________.
| A． |
are very patient in their observation |
| B． |
are really fascinated by nature |
| C． |
care only about the names of birds |
| D． |
question the accuracy of the field guides |
（4）Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
| A． |
The natural beauty isn't attractive to them. |
| B． |
They focus on arriving at the camp in time. |
| C． |
The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. |
| D． |
They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. |
（5）In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
| A． |
fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world |
| B． |
get rid of some bad habits in our daily life |
| C． |
open our mind to new things and ideas |
| D． |
try our best to protect nature |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that - it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性）
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand."
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
（1）What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
| A． |
It helps cooks to create new dishes. |
| B． |
It saves time and effort in cooking. |
| C． |
It improves the cooking conditions. |
| D． |
It contributes to restaurant decorations. |
（2）What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?
| A． |
It solves food shortages easily. |
| B． |
It quickens the transportation of food. |
| C． |
It needs no space for the storage of food. |
| D． |
It uses renewable materials as sources of food. |
（3）According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.
| A． |
is more available to consumers |
| B． |
can meet individual nutritional needs |
| C． |
is more tasty than food in supermarkets |
| D． |
can keep all the nutrition in raw materials |
（4）What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
| A． |
The printing process is complicated. |
| B． |
3D food printers are too expensive. |
| C． |
Food materials have to be dry. |
| D． |
Some experts doubt 3D food printing. |
（5）What could be the best title of the passage?
| A． |
3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology |
| B． |
A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing |
| C． |
The Challenges for 3D Food Production |
| D． |
3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
B
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to tum it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stop. There it is!"
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
"May I help you?" a man asked. "No," I said. "We're fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are?" he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What's this place?" I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "
"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品）up there."She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"
"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. "
"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."
（1）What do we know about Marian McNay?
| A． |
She was a painter. |
| B． |
She was a community leader. |
| C． |
She was a museum director. |
| D． |
She was a journalist. |
（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?
| A． |
She disliked people who were nosy. |
| B． |
She felt nervous when talking to strangers. |
| C． |
She knew more about art than the man. |
| D． |
She mistook him for a tour guide. |
（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?
| A． |
Puzzled. |
| B． |
Concerned. |
| C． |
Frightened. |
| D． |
Delighted. |
（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?
| A． |
The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. |
| B． |
She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. |
| C． |
The McNay was disappointing compared with the house. |
| D． |
The event happening in the house was more significant. |
（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph?
| A． |
People should have good taste to enjoy life. |
| B． |
People should spend more time with their family. |
| C． |
People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. |
| D． |
People tend to educate teenagers at a museum. |