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It’s really true what people say about English politeness: it’s everywhere. When squeezing past someone in a narrow aisle, people say “sorry”. When getting off a bus, English passengers say “thank you” rather than the driver. In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things. After all, squeezing past others sometimes can’t be avoided, and the bus driver is merely doing his job. I used to think the same way, without questioning it, until I started travelling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of communicating with people.
People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time. When people buy something in a shop, customer and retail assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more. In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, as opposed to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough.
Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others. Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me, my employers stressed several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism. It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable. This also is shown in other ways. British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men. However, I do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men! Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted.
What is the author’s attitude towards English politeness?

A.He thinks it is artificial B.He gives no personal opinion
C.He appreciates it D.He thinks it goes too far.

What can we learn about customers and retail assistants in Germany?

A.A customer never says thank you to a retail assistant.
B.It’s always a retail assistant who says thank you.
C.They may say thank you only once.
D.they always say thank you to each other.

We can learn from the last paragraph that Scottish men ___________.

A.are more likely to be involved in a fighting.
B.are more polite than English men.
C.treat women in a polite way.
D.are not so willing to spend money for women.

The author develops the text through the method of ____________.

A.making comparisons B.telling stories
C.giving comments D.giving reasons
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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The end of the 2014 World Cup does not mean the end of the international competition in Brazil. A major football event which is known as RoboCup will be held in the coastal city Joao Pessoa. Teams of robots from around the world will take part in it and play the game known as soccer in the United States. The robot teams are guided by teams of human beings.
Watching robots play football is similar to watching children play the game. The kicks are not good, there are a lot of falls , and people are there to guide and support the robot players. Students of the University of Pennsylvania are trying for their fourth victory at the competition. The students have won the last three RoboCup competition in the Netherlands, Mexico and Turkey.
Jian Qiaoli is one of the leaders of the University of Pennsylvania team. He says one goal he has set for his team is to make sure the robots can find the ball and know where they are on the playing field. And he wants the team to be able to better control the walking ability of the robots. They should pay more attention to the kicking ability, which is the key to winning the game.
Qin He is another leader of the robot team. She says the abilities of the robots improve every year. The robots know the difference between the colors green and red, and they can decide where to go and where the ball is on the playing field. She says the robots are self-learning and don’t need to be told what to do. If there are three robot players on the playing field at the same time, they will communicate with each other to decide different responsibility for each of them. They have very good team play right now.
As long as the radar detection(雷达探测) works well, the robots will be very competitive. So RoboCup will be an exciting technology competition. Each team develops their own software. Actually, it’s a competition of who has the best software. Some RoboCup participants hope to develop a team of robots that can play against human beings.
What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?

A.The 2014 World Cup B.Joao Pessoa
C.RoboCup D.A basketball game

What can we learn about the robot players?

A.They look like children.
B.They are from Joao Pessoa.
C.They are not very skillful.
D.They are against human beings.

What is the deciding factor for the robots to win the game?

A.The ability to find the ball.
B.The ability to know the position.
C.The ability of walking.
D.The ability of kicking.

What’s the best title for the text?

A.The technology competition—RoboCup
B.The international competitions in Brazil
C.How to develop robot players?
D.Can robot players play football?

In spring, you may have seen white foam(泡沫) on a green tree or other plants. As a matter of fact, the foam is where young spittlebugs(吹沫虫) live. These insects are protected by the foam, and they usually don’t do much harm to the plants.
As we all know, in late summer, a mother spittlebug lays her eggs on the plant. The babies will hatch(孵化) in spring. After they come to the new world, they begin to eat juice from the plant. The babies eat more juice than their bodies need for food. The extra juice mixes with a special waste that the spittlebugs produce. When this fluid(液体) is released, it mixes with the air, forming bubbly foam.
What is so great about having a foam home? The space inside is so wet that it can keep the bugs’ soft bodies from drying out. And the foam tastes bad, so it keeps away most animals that would eat the bugs. Some birds will reach their heads through the foam to find the bugs. Wasps and ants might eat them, too. But most of the bugs stay safe inside the foam.
Once the bugs have grown into adults, they stop making foam. They leave their homes and jump from plant to plant in search of food. The adults look a little like tiny frogs. For this reason they are also called froghoppers.
If you see some foam on a plant, you might want to take a careful look inside. Gently push some of the foam aside with a small stick. Deep inside you may see a few insects eating plant juice. They might also be making more foam. Be sure to push the foam back after a moment to cover the insects and keep them safe. Soon the spittlebugs will grow up and leave their foam home. They will join the other insects in the grassland.
The eggs of spittlebugs_____.

A.are laid in late spring
B.have to pull through a winter before they hatch
C.are protected by mother spittlebugs all the time
D.will be eaten by ants

According to the passage, the white foam_____.

A.does much harm to the plant
B.protects the plant from being harmed
C.is where a mother spittlebug is living
D.is plant juice mixed with spittlebugs’ waste and the air

Which of the following is a function of a foam home?

A.Protecting the bugs from being eaten.
B.Helping the bugs find food.
C.Providing enough drinking water for the bugs.
D.Keeping the plant from drying out.

After the spittlebugs grow into adults, they______.

A.continue to make foam
B.take on a different look
C.begin to eat tiny frogs
D.begin to do harm to plants

Nancy Tillman’s wonderful On the Night You Were Born is one of my favorite books. Its celebration of the uniqueness of each and every child told in lyrical language makes it the gift I choose most often for expectant or adoptive parents. I also read it regularly with my grandchildren and talk with them about how special they are.
Tillman feels that the most important message for children to receive is simply, “You are loved.” And it’s that message that is the focus of this, her newest book, Wherever You Are: My Love Will Find You. Once again, it is her turn of phrase that most fascinates me: In the green of the grass ... in the smell of the sea ... in the clouds floating by ... at the top of a tree ... in the sound crickets make at the end of the day ... “You are loved. You are loved. You are loved,” they all say. Phrases encourage children to grow, to try new things, to “march to the front” of their “own parade” and assures them that, no matter how far they go or what they do, they will be loved.
Though the words alone would convince me to buy, share and recommend this book, Tillman is also a gifted artist and her lovely work makes this book a visual treasure as well. Through the pages, a child rides hippos, splashes in the surf with elephants, plays hide and seek with rabbits, shares a trampoline (蹦床) with a kangaroo and enjoys some quiet time with a pair of pandas. My favorite drawing has the child walking away along a wide path that runs between trees covered in mist. In all of the drawings, swirls of sparkling lights wrap around the child--the love that will always be with him/her.
I’ve read On the Night You Were Born dozens of times and with every single reading, I am incredibly touched. Wherever You Are: My Love Will Find You creates the same feeling of wonder, peace and happiness in me. It’s a keep-forever book and I’m so happy to have it in my collection to share with the children I love most.
The purpose of this passage is to _____.

A.encourage people to buy Nancy Tillman’s books for their children
B.recommend Tillman’s new book--Wherever You Are: My Love Will Find You
C.advocate the theme of love among family members
D.Let children know they are loved and educate them to love others

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? _____.

A.Nancy Tillman’s book On the Night You Were Born encourages children to try new things.
B.The most important focus of Tillman’s books is for children to know they are loved.
C.The writer considers Tillman a gifted artist for her vivid use of words and rich imagination.
D.The writer has bought and read both of Tillman’s books mentioned in this passage.

Pick out the true statements according to the passage. _____.

A.The words alone makes Tillman’s books the writer’s favorite.
B.Wherever You Are: My Love Will Find You is published earlier than On the Night You Were Born.
C.My favorite drawing shows the feeling of wonder with the child swirling in sparkling lights.
D.The drawings in Wherever You Are convey love with pictures involving animals.

We know more about the surface of the planet Mars than we know about what is at the bottom of Earth’s oceans.
Until recently, scientists had mapped only about 20 percent of the sea floor. But our knowledge of the deep seas is changing because of information from satellites. Scientists have produced a new map that provides a detailed picture of the oceans. The map is expected to help oceanographers, industry and governments.
The new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ago. David Sandwell is a geophysics professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California. He and other scientists worked on the mapping project. He says they turned to space to look deeper into the ocean. He spoke to VOA on SKYPE.
“The way we’re doing that is to use a satellite altimeter (高度计), a radar to map the topography (地貌) of the ocean surface. Now that seems sort of strange that you’d map the topography of the ocean surface when you really want to get at the sea floor. But, the ocean surface topography has these bumps and dips due to gravitational effects that mimic what’s on the sea floor.”
The scientists collected and studied information from two satellites. Some of the data came from the European Space Agency’s Cryo-2 satellite. It was placed in Earth’s orbit to watch sea ice. The other satellite is the American space agency’s Jason-1. It is studying the surface of the oceans. Scientists combined the satellite data with images gathered by sonar ( 声呐:利用声波探测水下物体的装置或系统) equipment on ships. Sonar works by sending sound waves through the water. When the sound waves hit an object, its presence is confirmed.
“That enables us to look at smaller-scale features and also features that are buried by sediments in the ocean basins.”
The new map shows the sea floor as it has never been seen before. It shows thousands of underwater mountains and places where continents pulled apart. It shows where earthquakes were active many years ago. They all are buried deep underneath the ocean floor.
In one place, three mountain ridges join at the same area. Huge tectonic (构造的) plates can be seen clearly there.
The passage is likely to _____.

A.be an advertisement B.appear on VOA
C.make a comment on radar D.appear on SKYPE

What will be mentioned in the following paragraph, according to the last paragraph? _____.

A.The detailed information about the place.
B.The more important thing in the ocean.
C.The things buried in the ocean.
D.Scientists told SKYPE they will explore at the same area.

Scientists collected and studied information by _____.

A.the European Space Agency’s Cryo-2 satellite
B.the American space agency’s Jason-1
C.sonar equipment on ships
D.the Cryo-2 and the Jason-1

What’s the best title of the passage? _____.

A.Scientists Create New Maps of Ocean Floor
B.Scientists Knows More Oceans Than Mars
C.Oceans Will Provide Us With Maps
D.People Knows Easily About Mars

David Nabarro, the UN special envoy (特使), told the reporter the number of Ebola cases was currently increasing rapidly, but greater community awareness would help contain the virus.
People were becoming aware that isolating those infected was the best way to prevent transmission, he added. So far, there have been more than 8,300 confirmed and suspected cases of Ebola, and at least 4,033 deaths. Most deaths - 4,024 - have occurred in the west African countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. Cases have also been reported in Nigeria, Senegal, Spain and the US.
Mr Nabarro said that the number of new cases was “quite frightening”, as the spread of the disease was currently accelerating. At the beginning, many west African communities did not understand that the outbreak was an infectious disease, he said.
“I think we’ve got much better community involvement which leads me to believe that getting it under control within the next three months is a reasonable target,” he continued.
“By under control I mean... the numbers of new cases each week diminishes compared with the previous week to the point where there is no new transmission.”
The Ebola virus is spread by direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person or animal.
Meanwhile, New York’s JFK airport began screening passengers from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea for the Ebola virus on Saturday, in an attempt to stop the outbreak. Passengers from those countries will have their temperatures taken and have to answer a series of questions.
Checks at O’Hare in Chicago, Newark, Washington’s Dulles and Atlanta’s airport will begin in the coming days. The screening system is being introduced after the first person to be diagnosed with Ebola in the US died in Texas on Wednesday.
The number of the countries which have been reported on death cases of Ebola so far
mainly is_____.

A.3. B.4. C.7. D.8.

According to the UN special envoy, how long will it take to bring Ebola under control? _____.

A.a few days from now. B.six weeks.
C.about three months. D.the coming week.

What does the underlined word “diminishes” mean in the fifth paragraph? _____.

A.increases B.decreases
C.varies D.disappears

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? _____.

A.Ebola is spread by direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person or animal.
B.Most death cases of Ebola have occurred in the west African countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
C.Checks at airports in Chicago, Washington, and Atlanta will begin in the coming days.
D.The screening system is being introduced by the first person to be diagnosed.

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