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Where do most writers get their ideas? For Yoshiko Uchida, it all began with Brownie, a five-month-old puppy. So excited was Yoshiko by Brownie’s arrival that she started keeping a journal, writing about all the wonderful things Brownie did and the progress he made.
Soon she was writing about other memorable events in her life, too, like the day her family got their first refrigerator. She also began writing stories, thanks to one of her teachers. Yoshiko wrote stories about animal characters such as Jimmy Chipmunk and Willie the Squirrel. She kept on writing, sharing the kitchen table with her mother, who wrote poems on scraps of paper and the backs of envelopes.
Yoshiko grew up in the 1930s in Berkeley, California. Her parents, both of whom had been born in Japan, provided a loving and happy home for Yoshiko and her sister. They also provided a stream of visitors to their home who later found their way into Yoshiko’s stories. One visitor who later appeared in several of Yoshiko’s stories was the bad-tempered Mr. Toga, who lived above the church that her family attended. Mr. Toga would scold anyone who displeased him. The children all feared him and loved to tell stories about how mean he was and how his false teeth rattled (咯咯响) when he talked.
Yoshiko also included in her stories some of the places she visited and the experiences she had. One of her favorite places was a farm her parents took her to one summer. The owners of the farm, showed Yoshiko and her sister how to pump water from the well and how to gather eggs in the henhouse. They fed the mules that later pulled a wagon loaded with hay while Yoshiko and the others rode in the back, staring up at the stars shining in the night sky. Yoshiko, who lived in the city, had never seen such a sight. As Yoshiko gazed up at the stars, she was filled with hope and excitement about her life. The images of that hayride stayed with her long after the summer visit ended, and she used them in several of her stories.
The experiences Yoshiko had and the parade of people who marched through her young life became a part of the world she created in over twenty books for young people, such as The Best Bad Thing and A Jar of Dreams. Because of such books, we can all share just a little bit of the world and the times in which this great writer grew up.
The author tells about Mr. Toga’s false teeth in Paragraph 3 in order to ____________.

A.show health care was not good enough in Berkeley during the 1930s
B.provide an interesting detail in Yoshiko’s life and stories
C.show Yoshiko’s young life was difficult and frightening
D.tell about a beloved relative who helped Yoshiko learn how to write

In Paragraph 4 “the stars” probably refer to ____________.

A.family relationships B.terrors in the night
C.limitless possibilities D.sacrifices to benefit others

What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?

A.Yoshiko loved to write about parades.
B.Yoshiko met many interesting people.
C.Yoshiko liked to go for long walks with others.
D.Yoshiko preferred to talk to her pets instead of to people.

What is the main idea of this story?

A.People who live in the city should spend as much time as they can in the country.
B.Writers like Yoshiko Uchida must communicate with as many writers as possible.
C.Those who move to the United States often miss their homelands for many years.
D.Writers like Yoshiko Uchida look to the richness of their lives for material.
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception (知觉) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping (打败) evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses (假定), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _______.

A.evaluate someone’s personality
B.write down their hypotheses
C.fill out a personal information form
D.hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

We can infer from the passage that _______.

A.abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B.feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C.physical temperature affects how we see others
D.capable persons are often cold to others

What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Drinking for Better Social Relationships
B.Experiments of Personality Evaluation
C.Developing Better Drinking Habits
D.Physical Sensations and Emotions

The flag, the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.
The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact. It is, rather, the product of thousands of years’ development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.
Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.
Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems (图腾) before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.
These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1,000 B.C. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.
The underlined word “ vulnerable” in paragraph 3 means _______.

A.easy to damage   B.likely to be protected
C.impossible to make sure of   D.difficult to find

The earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because they _______.

A.could tell wind direction   B.could bring good luck to fighters
C.were believed to stand for natural forces D.were handed down by the ancestors

What does the author know of the first national flag?

A.He knows when it was sent to Europe. B.He doubts where it started.
C.He thinks it came from China.   D.He believes it was made in Egypt.

What will the author most probably talk about next?

A.The role of China in the spread of the national flag.
B.The importance of modern flags.
C.The use of modern flags in Europe.
D.The second ancestor of the national flag.

Department stores sell ready- to-wear clothing, which is also called ready-made clothing. Such clothing is made in fixed sizes. Those people who find that ready-made clothing fits them well can save money by buying it. Most often, people do not fit exactly into a producer’s size. Their clothing must be altered to make it fit better. However, most alterations are not very expensive. The small cost of most alterations means that ready-made clothing can meet the needs of most customers.
Those who can afford it often get someone to design and make their clothing. Such clothing is called custom-made. The person who makes it measures the customer, and then sews it so that it fits perfectly. Alterations are not needed. Custom-made clothing is largely sewn by hand, has better quality, better material, and is of the style you have chosen. Of course, it costs much more than ready-to-wear clothing. You need to pay the difference for the special fitting and better skill that you are receiving. This often means that you spend double or more than you would for a ready-made garment.
Custom-made clothing is not always that much better than ready-made clothing. It costs more partly because only one garment has been made, just for you. Companies that produce ready-made products make thousands of garments at a time. This means they can buy large quantities of material. Workers cut each size by the hundreds. Companies work out ways to make the garments quickly by machine and pay workers according to their skill. Thus they can sell the finished products at a low price while still making money. Most of the clothing sold in the United States is made in this way. Customers gain from the lower prices which are made possible by mass production. It may or may not give them high quality.
According to the passage, people who buy ready-made clothing ______.

A.wish to make alternations B.will spend less money
C.want to make it better D.can fit into the sizes

We can learn from the passage that custom-made clothing is_______.

A.specially made   B.fashionably designed
C.chosen by few people   D.made with difficulties

Which of the following is true about ready-made clothing?

A.It is of poor quality.   B.It suits all people.
C.It is labor-saving to make it.   D.It takes more time to make it

The purpose of the writer is _______.

A.to explain why custom-made clothing costs more
B.to show the advantages of mass production
C.to tell readers how to make money from ready-made clothing
D.to provide information about different kinds of clothing

Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623, when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. IP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing, but today intellectual property rights are also enjoyed by those who create music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recoding of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, from a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to _______.

A.those creating music, art and literature
B.novelists
C.those not receiving financial reward for their work
D.engineers and inventors

What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?

A.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.
B.It sells songs and films.
C.It makes IP rights harder to protect.
D.It prevents the production of artwork.

According to paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?

A.Intellectual property rights. B.Free downloading.
C.The Internet. D.The large number of songs, films and books.

A possible title for this passage could be _______.

A.IP Rights and Our Attitudes  B.Ways to Protect Your IP Rights
C.The Present and the Future of IP rights D.A History of IP Rights

Every culture in the world has marriage and wedding ceremonies . Usually marriages are between one woman(the bride) and one man ( the groom). However, in other parts of the world a man may have several wives, or, as in some areas of India, a wife may have more than one husband..
There are also many different kinds of wedding ceremonies practiced around the world. These ceremonies can be very short and simple, or very long and complicated.
One of the largest and most expensive wedding ceremonies in recent times was held in Dubai in 1981. The couple tying the knot at this wedding were the son of Sheik ( a male Arab ruler) Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum and Princess Salama. The wedding ceremony took seven days and cost $44 million. It was held in a large building which was specially built for the ceremony and looked like a stadium. The bride and groom needed a large place for their wedding because more than 20,000 guests were invited.
The reasons why a man and woman get married also vary. Sometimes they marry because they are in love, sometimes they marry because someone they meet through a matchmaker, and sometimes they marry because their parents tell them that they must marry.
One unusual example of an arranged marrige took place in Bangladesh in 1986. The groom was an eleven-month-old boy and the bride was a three-month-old girl. They were the youngest married couple ever.
The parents of the bride and groom arranged the marriage as a way of ending a fight between the two families who had been arguing over a farm for twenty years. Both families thought they owned the farm, but no one knew exactly . The fight ended for good when the young boy married the young girl. By arranging this marriage, neither famlily was forced to lose face. The two families agreed to give the farm to the young people.
What is the best title for this passage?

A.An Unusual Wedding Tradition B.A Short History of Marriage
C.Common Western Wedding Trations. D.Interesting Wedding Around the World

Who got married in the large Wedding Ceremony described in the passage?
A. a farmer and a neighbor B. the son of a sheik and a princess
B. a king and a queen D. two babies.
Why was the wedding ceremony in Dubai held in a building like a stadium?
A. The ceremony was very long
B. The groom loved to play sports.
C, Many people came to the wedding.
D. People in Dubai usually get married in stadium.
Why did the families in Bangladesh make their children get married?

A.The children were in love
B.The families wanted to end the fight
C.The families wanted to buy a farm.
D.The bride’s family wanted to sell their farm.

What was strange about the wedding in Bangladesh ?

A.The bride and groom were young. B.The wedding was on a farm
C. It was an arranged marriage. D.More than 20,000 guests came to the wedding

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