ThefamousmoviestarAudreyHepbur-优题课

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret Ciphers(暗码)are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or a code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.
Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send his information about the enemy before his military action. In World War Ⅱ. the Americans ”broke” or figured out Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.
Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much is paid for the goods or when they are added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.
In the 16th century, codes and ciphers Were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, all Italian astrologer(占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher.
He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message. he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. There he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.
The best title of this passage would be _______.

A．Codes and Ciphers

B．Differences between Codes and Ciphers

C．History of Codes and Ciphers

D．Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B．You could read some words in Geronimo’s letter without his trellis.

C．The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D．Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 1600s.

According to Geronimo Gardano, a trellis is _____________.

A．a piece of paper with many small holes

B．a secret message with a lot of small holes

C．a letter with unreadable words and sentences

D．a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of _________.

A．military affairs	B．commercial secrets
C．scientific achievements	D．personal enjoyment

Talking plants might sound like characters in a fairy tale. But recent scientific studies have shown that plants communicate with each other and with other living things in a surprising number of ways. To understand them, scientists say, we just have to learn their language. Farmers are especially interested in what plants have to say.
“Plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms(有机体). They can communicate with giant bacteria, with other plants and with insects. They do this chemically, ”said Cahill, an Ecology Professor of the University of Alberta in Canada.
Plant scientists are just beginning to understand this chemical “language”. Cahill says studies have shown, for example, that plants can evaluate conditions in their immediate environment and take appropriate actions. Plants have an ability, for example, to signal pain or discomfort caused by anything from temperature extremes to an insect attack. Jack Schultz, a professor of chemical ecology at the University of Missouri, says when a plant senses that it’S being eaten, it cannot walk away from trouble；on the contrary, it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby.
“Their language is a chemical language, and it involves chemicals that move through the air, which are easily to be changed, and most of all are smells that we are familiar with, ” Schultz explained.
“All plants responded to the attack by changing their chemistry to defend themselves, ” Schultz recalled. “But we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves, even though they were not part of the experiment. ”
Studies have also shown that plants under attack release pleasant chemicals. Those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.
In the end, plants’ability to communicate their needs－and our ability to understand them－could help farmers reduce the use of poisonous chemicals, cut operating costs and limit damage to the environment.
The recent scientific studies have shown that plants can __________.

A．communicate with other living things in a chemical way

B．hardly react to any sudden change in temperature

C．use a very special chemical language which is familiar to us

D．respond to the attack by giving off poisonous chemicals

When being eaten by a pest, the plant will ___________.

A．walk away from trouble

B．change its chemistry to kill the insect

C．release a chemicaI vapor to “ask” other plants for help

D．give off nice chemicals to attract friendly insects to a tack the pest

The underlined word “alerts” most probably means “___________”.

A．warns	B．protects
C．threatens	D．allows

Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．Communication between Plants

B．A Chemical “Language”

C．Plants Can Talk

D．How Plants Protect Themselves

Because of his family’s Jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps(集中营). Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes frinds with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.	In his More Things in Heaven, Bill Bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life, including his trips to India and the study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders. More things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experience.
It is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression(长期抑郁)…cure to strengthen identity and purpose.
Were humans created, or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated. In Creation or Evolution, Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的) science.
Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in one’s life. －driving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family,or even hobbies.

Who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse?

A．Bill Bosworth.	B．Michelle O. Donovan.
C．Dr. Joseph I. Rose.	D．Gloria Coykendall.

The ISBN for the book of poems is ________.

A．9781462031795	B．9781412027854
C．9780595433582	D．978 1462058679

What kind of readers will probably like reading More Things in Heaven?

A．Those who are searching for the meaning of life.

B．Those who are trying to be spiritual leaders.

C．Those who study the art of writing.

D．Those who like traveling abroad.

Which of the following books explores the origin of humans?

A．Seeking the Edge.

B．Creation or Evolution.

C．Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem.

D．More Things in Heaven.

Noah Webster, born on October 16, 1758, is known for The American Dictionary of the English Language. He has been called the" Father of American Scholarship and Education. " His " Blue-Backed Speller" books were used to teach spelling and reading to five generations of American children. But how much do you know about him beyond that?
At the age of 16, Noah Webster began attending Yale College, Unfortunately, he spent his four years at Yale during the American Revolutionary War, and, because of food shortages, many of his college classes were held in Glastonbury, Connecticut. Later, he served in the army. Having graduated from Yale in 1778, Webster wanted to continue his education in order to earn his law degree. He had to teach school in order to pay for his education. He set up many small schools that didn’t survive, but he was a good teacher because instead of forcing his students to learn, like what most teachers did, he rewarded them.
He earned his law degree in, 1781, but did not practice law until 1789. Once he started he found the law was not to his liking. Webster did not have much money.
In 1793, Alexander Hamilton lent him $ 1500 to move to New York City to edit a newspaper. In December, he founded New York’s first daily newspaper, American Minerva, and edited it for four years. For decades, he published textbooks, political essays, a report on some diseases, and newspaper articles for his party. He wrote so much that a modern list of his published works required 655 pages.
Noah Webster died on May 28, 1843 and was buried in the Grove Street Cemetery.
Which of the following best describes Webster’s life at Yale?

A．Tough.	B．Smooth.
C．Normal.	D．Tiring.

What did Noah want to be after graduation from Yale?

A．A teacher.	B．A lawyer.
C．A headmaster.	D．A scholar.

What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

A．Webster was a most productive author.

B．Webster led a miserable life in New York City.

C．Webster’S books added up to 655 pages.

D．Webster didn’t write any political Works.

The statistics I’ve cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice President’s Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.
She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be.
Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life.
The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreams—and the two were often found in direct conflict.
What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectations—unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question: “Is that all there is to life?”
The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death of the magazine “Life.” But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.
It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to be useful.
What was the main idea of this passage?

A．The Second Wave of Feminist.

B．Women’s Independent Spirits.

C．The Unity of Women.

D．The Action of Union.

What was the author’s attitude toward the radical?

A．He supported it wholeheartedly.

B．He opposed it strongly.

C．He disapproved to some extent.

D．He ignored it completely.

What does the word “militant” mean?

A．Aggressive.	B．Ambitions.
C．Progressive.	D．Independent.

What was the radical feminist’s view point about the male?

A．Women were exploited by the male.

B．Women were independent of the male.

C．Women’s lives were deprived by the male.

D．The male were their common enemy.

A．e-c-a-d-b	B．c-e-b-a-d
C．c-b-e-a-d	D．c-e-a-b-d