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Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration (注意力) is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results.
If so, use these tips to help you.
Study Techniques
lYou should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract (make less concentrated) you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, store all your equipment in a box beside it.
lYour eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees.
lBe realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period. Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
Test-taking Skills
lAll your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of
rest is very important. This means do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.
lExercise is a great way to reduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also
improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too.
lWhen you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and
deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．You should study in a different place every day, so you don’t get bored.

B．Your concentration will improve if you study and watch TV at the same time.

C．Check the time during the exam at a certain time.

D．Staying up all night and studying is tiring, but you will learn a lot using this method.

What does the underlined word “it”（paragraph 2）refer to?

A．Your study desk or table.	B．Your textbook.
C．Your dictionary.	D．The equipment you need.

What can be inferred from the passage?

A．You shouldn’t look at everyone else during the test.

B．You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet.

C．You’ll concentrate more if there is nothing to distract you.

D．If you feel tired during study, you can walk around for a few minutes.

Birds don’t need lessons in building nests. Fish don’t need coaching to learn how to swim. All animals have instincts. They’re born with natural abilities to do certain things. Wild animals also learn by copying their parents and practicing. And pets learn through training.
But instincts and training aren’t the only keys to animals’ behavior. Scientists say animals’ thoughts and feelings also influence their actions. Animals often make choices, plans, and sensible changes. They can help others and solve problems. Some even make and use tools!
If animals could talk, what would they say about their thoughts and feelings? A gorilla (大猩猩) born in captivity (关在笼子里) has helped answer that question. Koko, a gorilla, was taught to use sign language . She has learned hundreds of words!
Koko once had a pet cat she named All Ball. “Koko love Ball,” she signed. “Soft good cat.” One time, she blamed the cat for biting her by signing “You bad dirty toilet!” When her pet died, Koko cried. “Sad for sleeping cat,” she signed.
Koko calls herself“fine animal gorilla”. She uses sign language to argue, joke, and ask and answer questions.
“Most animals can’t use words to tell us their thoughts,” says Dr. Jonathan Balcombe. “But Koko shows us that animals have their own ideas and feelings.” Dr. Balcombe is a scientist at the Humane Society of the United States. He says there’s even more to discover about animals through field studies. In field studies, people watch animals in their natural environment.
“Scientists who study animals’ natural behaviors learn how animals live and think,” Balcombe says. “That knowledge can help others respect every animal who shares the planet with us.”
The underlined word “instincts” in the first paragraph probably refers to the ability that _____.

A．animals copy their parents	B．animals learn by practicing
C．animals are born with	D．animals learn through training

Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.

A．they only cared for the Russian astronauts

B．they were not interested in their own astronauts

C．the Russian government invited them to do their research

D．the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time

Scientists have found that _______.

A．the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts

B．the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies

C．astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss

D．astronauts should take some calcium before space travel

What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?

A．The food they eat in space.	B．The drinks they take in space.
C．The temperature in space.	D．The gravity in space.

In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.

A．unusual

B．simple

C．weak

D．slow

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, move his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until professional help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey colour, and you can feel no pulse, then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are by seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
If you want to save someone drowning, you __________.

A．have to pull off his clothes first .	B．should try to get him out of water as quickly as possible.
C．should first make out who he is.	D．ought to throw a life coat to him first .

Once a person stops breathing, it means ___________.

A．you have no more than 4 minutes to bring him to life again .

B．his brain is completely damaged .

C．he has passed away .

D．there is no way to save his life .

To press his chin upwards is a way to _____________.

A．keep the tongue from blocking the airway in the throat.

B．prevent the tongue from stopping the airway in the throat.

C．wipe the tongue out of the throat .

D．see if he can possibly be saved .

If the drowning boy has no pulse,_____________.

A．press his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing .

B．blow air into his mouth is sure to save his life .

C．press his nostrils together with your fingers can work .

D．press is the last chance of saving his life .

Which of the following statement is true?

A．Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

B．If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.

C．If a man does not breathe

for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

D．When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

According to researchers．money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else．
Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly bring you happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found．
Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably（适度地） happier when they spent money on others--even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier．
"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn," said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia．
They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity．
"Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not," Dunn said in a statement．
Dunn's team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus（奖金） of between $3,000 and $8,000．
"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself," they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science．
They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it．Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it．
"These findings suggest that very minor alterations（改动） in spending allocations（分配） - as little as $5 - may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day," Dunn said．
According to the passage,_____________．

A．the more money you spend on others, the happier you are

B．spending money on others can bring you happiness

C．Elizabeth Dunn is a psychologist from Harvest Business School

D．six hundred volunteers took part in the experiment

The 16 employees mentioned in the passage _________．

A．were given clear instructions on how to spend the bonus

B．had more happiness than the size of the bonus itself

C．experienced greater happiness after receiving their bonus

D．felt happier after they contributed much of the bonus of charities

Dunn’s statement suggested that ______________．

A．those who spent money on others felt happier no matter how much they earned

B．those who spent more money on themselves felt happier

C．people thought spending money could make themselves happier

D．the money spent was as important as the money earned

The best title of this passage is ___________．

A．Experiment on Money Spending

B．Spending Money on Others Makes One Happier

C．Devoting Your Money to Charities

D．Bonus and Pro-social Spending