One genetic mutation(基因突变)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient.
Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes（基因组） of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.
They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.
They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(恶性黑色肿瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.
Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the
disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.
“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.
A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.
“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?
| A．To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes. |
| B．To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer. |
| C．To make the medicine industries earn more money. |
| D．To help the cancer patients reduce their pain. |
The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by_____.
| A．smoke | B．sunlight | C．cell | D．poison |
Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
| A．The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells. |
| B．The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon. |
| C．It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell. |
| D．Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system. |
What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?
| A．Their smoking too much in daily life. |
| B．Their receiving too much sunshine. |
| C．Their refusing to accept treatment. |
| D．Their interest in travelling abroad. |
Some time ago I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn’t think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a whole lot of antique(古董) shops near my home. So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception. I was quite wrong. The man wouldn’t even look at my chair.
The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth－so I decided that my approach must be wrong.
I entered the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, “Would you like to buy a chair?” He looked it over carefully and said, “Yes, not a bad chair. How much do you want for it, sir?” ”Twenty pounds,” I said. “OK,” he said, “I’ll give you twenty pounds.” “It’s got a slightly broken leg,” I said. “Yes, I saw that, it’s nothing.”
Everything was going according to plan and I was getting excited. “What will you do with it?” I asked. “Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done.” “I’ll buy it,” I said. “What do you mean? You’ve just sold it to me,” he said. “Yes, I know but I’ve changed my mind. I am sorry. I’ll give you twenty-seven pounds for it.” “You must be crazy,” he said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. “I know what you want. You want me to repair your chair.” “You’re right,” I said. “And what would you have done if I had walked in and said, “Would you mend this chair for me?” “I wouldn’t have agreed to do it,” he said. “We don’t do repairs, not enough money in it and too much trouble. But I’ll mend this for you, shall we say for a fiver(五英镑钞票)?” He was a very nice man and was greatly amused by the whole thing.
46. We can learn from the text that in the first shop the writer _________.
A. was rather impolite
B. was warmly received
C. asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair
D. asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair
47. The underlined word “Approach” in the second paragraph means _________.
A. plan for dealing with things B . decision to sell things
C. idea of repairing things D. way of doing things
48. The expression “the penny dropped” in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper _________.
A. changed his mind B.accepted the offer
C. saw the writer’s purposeD. decided to help the writer
49. How much did the writer pay?
A. ￡ 5. B. ￡ 7. C. ￡ 20. D. ￡ 27.
50. From the text, we can learn that the writer was _________.
A. honest B. careful C. smart D. funny
第三部分：阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
China launched its first manned spaceship at 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, becoming the third country in the world to send a person into orbit after the former Soviet Union and the United States. Astronaut Yang Liwei became China’s first space man.
With a column of beautiful smoke, the Shenzhou V craft cut across a bright northwest China sky at exactly 9:00 a.m. Wednesday and went into orbit 10 minutes later.
China Central Television’s Channel One cut into its regular programming to announce the launch. The station later showed the Shenzhou V streaking(moving very fast)into the sky and disappearing, its tracer billowing (to fill with air and become larger)behind it.
Minutes after the launch, a CCTV announcer said that Shenzhou V and 38-year-old Yang Liwei, an air force pilot since 1983, had “entered orbit at 9:10.” It reported Yang was “reading a flight manual(手册) in the capsule of the Shenzhou V spacecraft and looked composed and at ease.”
The Shenzhou V launch came after four test launches of unmanned capsules that orbited the earth for nearly a week before parachuting back to China’s northern grasslands. Reports said the manned flight was expected to last about 22 hours.
President Hu Jintao watched the launch at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China’s Gansu Province.
Hu called the launch “the glory of our great motherland and a mark for the initial victory of the country’s first manned space flight and for the significant, historic step of the Chinese people in the advance of climbing over the peak of the world’s science and technology.”
He said that: “The Party and the people will never forget those who have set up the outstanding merit(贡献) in the space industry for the motherland, the people and the nation.”
“The launch of the Shenzhou V is long-awaited by the Chinese people,” Foreign Minister spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said on Tuesday. She said the flight was a key step in the “Peaceful development of space.”
NASA Administrator Sean O’ Keefe also congratulated on China’s first successful human space flight.
41. The following are countries succeeded in sending man into space EXCEPT ____
A. China B. Germany C. America D. the former Soviet Union
42. The underlined word “composed” in paragraph 4 means_____
A. happy B. nervous C. calm D. excited
43. According to the passage which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. It’s the first time that China has sent up its first manned spaceship.
B. Before the Shenzhou V launched, four test launches of it had moved around the earth.
C. The 38-year-old astronaut was sent into space by China’s ShenzhouⅤspacecraft and landed safely the next day.
D. Yang Liwei is China’s first astronaut in space.
44. The writer quoted(引用) Foreign Minister spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue’s words to express ________.
A. the Chinese have been expecting the successful space launch and it’s a great contribution to the peaceful development of space.
B. a lot of Chinese people are waiting for the launch.
C. this launch is the first time in China.
D. China’s manned spaceship made a peaceful development of space.
45. The description of Yang Liwei tells us that _______.
A. Yang didn’t know what to do and he was looking up a flight manual
B. it’s 10 years since he became an air force pilot
C. Yang entered orbit at exactly 9:00 a.m.
D. Yang trained himself well and felt very satisfied with everything in the space craft
Me More Than You
“It hurts me more than you.” and “This is for your own good.” These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin, clean my room, stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in education in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school.
The schools and the educators made it easy on us. They taught that it was all right to be parents who took a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators(计算器), turned on the television, left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation.
Now teachers, faced with children who have been developing at their pace for the past 15 years, are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake. One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students—“so passive”—and wonders what happened. Nothing was demanded of them, she believes. “Television”, says Klompus, “contributes to children’s passivity;” “We’re not training kids to work any more.” says Klompus. “We’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry. They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying ‘go look it up’, you tell them the answer. It takes greater energy to say ‘no’ to a kid.”
Yes, it does. It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work. It’s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, and to tell them it hurts you more than them but it’s for their own good. It’s time to start telling them ‘no’ again.We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to place importance on _____.
| A．discipline | B．creativity | C．school education | D．homework |
To today’s kids as described in this passage, _____.
| A．it is easier to give a negative reply than to give a positive reply |
| B．it is easier to give a positive reply than to give a negative reply |
| C．neither is easy — to say yes or to say no |
| D．neither is hard — to say yes or to say no |
The main idea of this passage is that _____.
| A．parents should set a good example for their kids |
| B．kids should have more activities outside campus |
| C．educators should not be so kind to our children |
| D．it is time to be strict with our children |
Classified（分类）Ads
For direct classified service, call 800-0667 10 a.m.— 4 p.m., Monday—Friday.
For Rent
Best on Campus
Excellent Room for girls, begins Jan. , 2, 4, or 8 months lease(租约). Single, $105. Double, $140. Call 800-1932.
Family Home, 3 bedrooms, large yard. $275. Call 800-4300.
For Sale
Sheepskin Coat, men’s size 42, 1year old. $85. After 6 p.m. call 800-5224.
Moving: Must sell. Color TV 21, $150; transistor radio（晶体管收音机）, $15; recorder, $25. Call 800-0739.
Help Wanted
Babysitter — My home
If you could find a few hours during the day, some evenings and weekends to care for 2 school- age children, please call 800-1111.
Lost
A black bag with a pencil-box and some books left in the reading room. Will the finder please come to Class 3, Grade 1?
Found
A green jacket was left on the sports ground yesterday afternoon (April 15th). Will the owner please ring 656-6688?If you wanted to place an ad. , what number would you call?
| A．800-0739. | B．800-1932. | C．800-5224. | D．800-0667. |
If Mary wanted a room for herself, which Room should she choose?
| A．Campus. | B．Single. | C．Double. | D．Family Home. |
From the passage, we know __________.
| A．someone lost his green jacket in the reading room |
| B．you can rent a transistor radio at $15 |
| C．you can take a house at the rent of $275 for you family |
| D．you can call 800-5224 at any time to buy a sheepskin coat |
If you want to find a part-time job, you will look at________.
| A．For Rent | B．For Sale | C．Help Wanted | D．Lost |
The English language is changing fast,thanks to the rapid progress of technology. We all have a rapid choice: we can either bury our heads in the sand and spend the rest of our lives wishing Shakespeare were alive and well. Or we can embrace (拥抱) the new English,enter into the spirit of the Internet age called Weblish.
“You can’t avoid it,for the simple reason that whenever a new variety of language comes along,it inevitably (不可避免的) impacts（冲击）on the language as a whole.” says Dr. David Crystal, honorary professor of linguistics（语言学）at the University of Wales in Bangor, whose book Language and the Internet has just been published.
The trouble with keeping up with the new English is not so much that there are so many new words but that the old words no longer mean what we thought they did. In the past, if someone said they did not have Windows, you would have to suppose they lived in a cave.These days,it is probably because they use a Mac(which is a computer, not a rain coat). Spam is as disliked as it ever was ,but it once meant an unappetizing（引不起食欲的）canned meat.It now stands for unwanted “junk” email. Spellings are changing, too. Not only is text-messaging playing “hvc wth vrbs” (havoc（混乱）with verbs), but the conventions of email communication place little emphasis on “perfect speaking”.
Weblish loves to see nouns happily become verbs(“please bookmark this site”),and verbs become nouns (“Send me the download”). Verbs and prepositions are regularly thrown together to become new nouns or adjectives(e.g. dial-up, logon, print-on-demand, pull-down, upload), while others are created from simply pairing nouns: cyberspace, Etl, hyperlink, netspeak.The best title of this passage would be______.
| A．Keep Up with the Latest Weblish | B．Keep Up with the Latest Development |
| C．Newly Invented English Words | D．Technology and English |
We can infer（推断）from the first paragraph that ______.
| A．Some people wish Shakespeare were still alive |
| B．people may have different attitudes towards Weblish |
| C．all people welcome Weblish |
| D．Weblish is not popular among people |
The author thinks the main difficulty for people in keeping up with Weblish is that ______.
| A．old words have new meanings |
| B．there are so many new words |
| C．the technology is changing too fast |
| D．Weblish words are full of spelling mistakes |
Dr. David Crystal would probably agree that ______.
| A．people should not accept Weblish |
| B．Weblish can cause misunderstandings among people |
| C．Weblish will destroy the English language |
| D．people should know something about Weblish |