Directions:  Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
As we all know, all the governments in the world collect taxes(税), but what are they and what are they used for? Some people may not know about them.
There are two kinds of taxes. One of the most important taxes is income-taxes which a person pays according to the amount of his income. Whatever he is, he must pay tax if income is more than a certain amount. This is called a “direct” tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government.
Another tax is paid on goods. When they are brought into a country, such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are later sold in shops. We call it “indirect” tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers.
People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on what they need. On one hand, we need policemen and soldiers to protect us from danger. Meanwhile, we also need schools and teachers for our children. On the other hand, we need officials and workers to serve us. Above all, we need money to develop our nation.
Taxes, therefore, can’t be avoided. We have no real reason to complain when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.
Title:     are necessary in our life
| Sources | 
   People→Taxes | 
   _ | 
   Tax-payers | 
  
|    | 
   People whose income is over a certain amount | 
  ||
| Indirect tax | 
   ___ | 
  ||
|    | 
   Taxes→   | 
   On safety—   | 
  |
| On education—   | 
  |||
|    | 
  |||
| On development—   | 
  
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
 Time, a faithful company of our life, is a universal topic. People are always curious about what it is, how it travels and who it meets.
 Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s smartest physicists, once said. “I’m fascinated by time.”
 Many of us are, and the popularity of time travel novels, movies and TV series has proved that. After Palace and Startling by Each Step achieved astonishing ratings last year, Palace 2 aired on January 20, attracting time travel fans back to TV.
 Woody Allen’s movie Midnight in Paris achieved great success. It was nominated for Best Picture, Directing, Original Screenplay and Art Direction for the 2012 Academy Awards.
 Dream of heroism
 Time travel TV series and movies connect both today and the past, thus offering room for imagination. Imagination creates a chance for the young to fulfill a dream that is hard to achieve in reality.
 Chinese writer Xi Juan is a pioneer of time-travel stories in China. In 1993 she published a love story about a young woman time traveling to ancient times. The leading role’s modern personality and perception of love help her win the heart of a cool, handsome martial art master. Such a plot satisfies female fans’ love fantasy.
 Starting from the late 1990s, novels about men traveling back to the past prevailed (盛行), with a Step into the Past as the most popular example. In these stories, the male leading roles accomplish great things with their modern skills and wisdom.
 It is usually “a dream of heroism come true”, along with enviable romances.
 Eye candy
 “I’m hooked by the shows because they are characterized by dramatic and poetic love and have eye-pleasing actors,” Xia Xiaoyan, who works for a foreign-owned enterprise in Shanghai, explained her love for time travel TV series.
 Her comment echoes a 2011 survey by Creat Marketing Research Co Ltd in China. When asked about what is so appealing about time travel TV series, 21 percent of respondents answered, “These attractive characters.”
 A bigger reason behind the popularity of time travel stories, however, is the relaxation they offer, according to the survey.
 Cai Yinong agrees. “Many people are facing tremendous pressure in their fast-paced lives, so this genre is more relaxing than other shows as it provides people with a terrific outlet to escape reality,” Cai told China Daily.
 Cultural homesickness
 “Which dynasty would you like to live in if you could travel to the past?” asked a survey launched by Shanghai University and Shanghai Social Sciences Association last December.
 About 60 percent of the 2,543 respondents chose Tang Dynasty, while Qing Dynasty, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were the other top two destinations.
 The survey results reflects people’s definition of the good days: prosperous economy and culture, steady society, fair and uncorrupted politics, and opening up to the outside world.
 As for the movie Midnight in Paris, it features modernity versus cultural homesickness. The New York Times commented, “The past seems so much more vivid, more substantial, than the present. The good old days are so attractive because we were not around, however much we wish we were.”
| Time travel wins fans | 
  |
| Phenomenon  | 
   Stephen Hawking shows great interest in People prefer Woody Allen was  | 
  
| Reasons for its  | 
   Supporting details | 
  
| Dream of heroism  | 
   Chances are offered for the young to fulfill  Xi Juan’s 1993 love story From the late 1990s, novels about The male leading role in A Step Into the Past travels back to the past to fulfill great things by using his  | 
  
| Eye candy | 
   Attractive actors and travel stories make viewers under pressure  | 
  
| Cultural homesickness | 
   Most respondents chose to live in a certain dynasty for: Prosperous economy and Steady society; Fair and uncorrupted politics Opening up to the outside world.  | 
  
在短文的空格中填入恰当的词 (每个空格只能填一个单词),使全文意义完整、通顺。
 A man came home from work late, tired and irritated, only to find his 5-year old son for him at the door. 
 “Daddy, may I ask you a question?”
 “Yeah,_____ , what is it?”replied the man. 
 “Daddy, how much do you make an hour?”
 “That's none of your business. Why do you ask such a thing?”the man said .
 “I just want to know. Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?”pleaded the little boy.
 “If you must know, I make $20 an hour. ”
 “Oh,”the little boy replied, with his head . Looking up, he said, “Daddy, may I please borrow $10? ”
 The father was furious,“if the only reason why you asked that is that you can borrow some money to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to . Think about why you are being so selfish. I work hard every day for such childish behavior”
 The little boy quietly went to his room and the door. The man sat down and started to get even angrier about the little boy's questions. How dare he ask such questions only to get some money? After about an hour or so, the man calmed down, and started to think: Maybe there was something he really needed to buy 
that $10 and he really didn't ask for money very often. The man went to the door of the little boy's room and opened the door.
 “Are you asleep, son?”He asked.
 “No, daddy, I'm .”replied the boy. 
 “I've been thinking, maybe I was too on you earlier,”said the man, “It's been a long day and I took out my aggravation on you. Here's the $10 you asked for.”
 The little boy sat straight up, smiling.“Oh, thank you daddy!” He yelled. Then, reaching under his pillow he pulled out some crumpled up bills. The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again. The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at his father. 
 “Why do you want more money when you aready have some?”the father grumbled.
 “Because I didn't have , but now I do, ”the little boy replied.“Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”
Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how:
 1. Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
 2. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
 3. Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
 4. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
 5. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be overly worried.
 There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
 How to become a better student
| General method | 
   How to | 
   Advantage | 
  
| Plan your time carefully | 
   Make a list | 
   Force you to realize | 
  
| Make a  | 
  ||
| Find a good place to study | 
   Free of everything but study | 
   You can  | 
  
| Make good use of your time in class | 
   Listen to everything the teachers say | 
   Really listening in class means  | 
  
| Taking  | 
  ||
| Study regularly | 
   Go over your notes | 
   |
| Help you | 
  ||
| Develop a good attitude about tests | 
   Don’t be | 
   Remember your new | 
  
阅读短文,根据所读内容, 在下表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语, 每空不超过3个单词。
 Cloning has caused much debate..On the one hand , some scientists think valuable tissues and organs can be used to save human lives .On the other hand , some fear that mankind may produce a monster .
 Carter: I believe that human cloning is totally immoral . If we interfere with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences .Who knows what could happen? We could produce a monster .Human life would no longer be unique .Human race is using up Earth’s resources . Surely we should be having fewer babies in order to reduce Earth’s population , not cloning more .I feel sorry for ladies who cannot have babies ,but there are many children with no parents ,who would be delighted to have new parents . Ladies who cannot have babies can adopt children with no parents
 Jake :I think cloning is fantastic. It is a great scientific advance. After all ,scientists have been challenging questions of morality for centuries .On a personal note ,cloning will change my life .My daughter died of heart failure 7 years ago .I miss her very much and hope to clone a new daughter to be with me .That would be nice. .
| Cloning has | 
  |
sides  | 
   Some scientists think valuable tissues and organs can be used to  I believe that human cloning is  | 
  
| If we  | 
  |
| Human is  | 
  |
sides  | 
   I think cloning is wonderful | 
  
| It is a great | 
  |
| Personally, I want to have a cloned girl. | 
  
根据上下文,在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词,使文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
 Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, cloning has become a hot topic for many people. Some people are against it ,while others are in favour it. Personally, I wouldlike to say that cloning is good
the human race.
, cloning technology proves helpful for genetics researchers. With cloning technology, scientists 
bring some animals that are extinct back to life. Secondly, cloning body parts can serve as a lifesaver for people 
are seriously ill. When a body organ such as a kidney or heart fails to function, it may be possible to replace it 
a cloned one. Thirdly, if a couple can’t have 
child, human cloning technology will make it possible for them to have a child. All in all, I firmly believe that cloning is beneficial 
the human race.