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Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.
The findings came from a survey of more than 340,000 adults in the United States. The Gallup(民意调查) Organization questioned them by telephone in 2008. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five.
The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.
Arthur Stone at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.
Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
What can be the best title of the text?

A.Happiness Varies with Ages
B.Experience More, Worry Less
C.The Older, the Wiser
D.Being Young, Being Happy

We can learn from the research that _________.

A.only when people get older will they feel happier
B.stress levels among the youngest are the highest
C.older people tend to be grateful
D.older people usually have no worries

According to the research, when people get older, _________.

A.they miss the old days
B.they are physically weak
C.they have better self-control
D.they are more emotional

What would the author probably talk about next?

A.What influences happiness.
B.How to live better.
C.How to keep happier.
D.Why women are less happier.

The author is intended to _________.

A.advise how to reduce stress
B.introduce a scientific finding
C.describe how to do research
D.talk about human emotions
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Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .

A.they lived healthily in a dirty environment.
B.they believed disease could be spread in public baths
C.they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
D.they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A.Approving. B.Afraid.
C.Curious D.Uninterested.

How does the passage mainly develop?

A.By providing examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the order of time.
D.By following the order of importance.

What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To stress the role of dirt.
B.To introduce the history of dirt.
C.To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D.To present the change of views on dirt.

BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota(膳食干预肠道菌群)can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children.
The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July.
The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites(代谢物), and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS).
Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity.
The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable diminished appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients.
The paper concluded dysbiosis (失调)of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method.
Which of the following factors contributes to child obesity?

A.dietary modulation of gut microbiota
B.beneficial gut bacteria
C.an improved gut microbiota
D.dysbiosis of gut microbiota

Which can replace the underlined word “diminished”?

A.unsatisfied B.increased
C.decreased D.good

Where is the passage extracted?

A.Medicine book B.Science book
C.Doctor’s instructions D.News report

Which might be the best title for the passage?

A.Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity.
B.The reasons for genetic obesity in children has been found.
C.Obesity-related research has been done by Chinese scientists.
D.An effective treatment to obesity has been found.

Visitors worry that London is an expensive city but there really are so many free things to do here. The following ideas should get you started.
All of London's major museums are free, but most offer some special exhibitions for a fee. My favorite is the Museum of Londonwhere you can learn the history of London from Roman times to today. And I love theGeffrye Museumwhich shows English domestic interiors and helps bring to life what it was really like to live in London.
I regularly hear people tell me theQueen Mary's Rose Gardens in Regent's Parkis their favorite spot in London, and who am I to argue? I would also recommend St. James's Park as it offers one of the best views ofBuckingham Palace. Hyde Park is enormous and Kensington Gardens nearby includes the ever popular Diana Memorial Playgroundand thePeter Pan Statue.
No visit to London is complete without seeing this military tradition. The Queen's Guard in London changes in the Forecourt inside the gates ofBuckingham Palaceat 11.30am every day in the summer and every other day in the winter. Get there early and view the spectacle from outside the front gates.
Trafalgar Square is one of Britain's greatest visitor attractions and was designed by John Nash in the 1820s and constructed in the 1830s. This iconic square has many sights to see including Nelson's Columnand theNational Gallery. It is both a tourist attraction and the main focus for political demonstrations. Every December, Norway donates a marvelous Christmas tree, to thank Britain for liberation from the Nazis.
Where can visitors find thePeter Pan Statue?

A.in Regent's Park. B.in St. James's Park.
C.in Hyde Park. D.in Kensington Gardens.

Which of the following descriptions is True?

A.In theGeffrye Museumvisitors can learn the history of London from Roman times to today.
B.The Queen Mary's Rose Gardens is in Buckingham Palace.
C.There is the Queen's Guard change inside the gates ofBuckingham Palaceat 11.30 am every day all year around.
D.Trafalgar Square is both a tourist attraction and a place for political demonstrations.

The writer wrote the passage to ________.

A.compare some free places in London.
B.advertise some free places in London.
C.recommend some free places in London.
D.expose some free places in London.

In Los Angeles, drivers spend sixty-one hours every year stuck in traffic. These drivers know all too well how bad the traffic can be. “There're too many cars, and you can't move around a lot.”
Professor Cyrus Shahabi also knows about traffic jams. He lives more than 65 kilometers from his office at the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles. He is always late even with the help of a navigation (导航) system.
He decided to develop a program called ClearPath for that. He says his program uses historical data to predict traffic conditions even before the driver leaves the house. “What’s unique is that we use a lot of data that’s currently become available including traffic data, weather data, and we analyze that so that we can predict what's going to happen in front of you when you leave home.”
Professor Shahabi says his system does more than just respond to current traffic conditions. With ClearPath, he says, a driver can decide what time he wants to leave, and ClearPath will give the fastest route. It looks at the entire road network, including surface streets as well as highways, before the driver hits the road. Professor Shahabi hopes to have ClearPath available nationwide and overseas once they can collect traffic data from other cities.
“I always thought that Los Angeles had the worst traffic, but now I know that Shanghai, Beijing, Seoul, Tokyo, believe it or not, Singapore, Hong Kong certainly are examples that can immediately use this. ”
Professor Shahabi hopes to share this new technology with companies that already have navigation systems, such as Google and Apple.
Drivers in Los Angeles were mentioned in order to__________.

A.show care for them
B.introduce their life
C.solve traffic problems
D.raise the topic

What is unique about Clear Path?

A.It can use a lot of information all over the world.
B.It can ensure that you will never be late for work.
C.It helps drivers see clearly what happens on the road.
D.It helps drivers know the road conditions ahead of time.

The underlined word “hits” in the fifth paragraph probably means __________.

A.have an accident B.get to
C.turn left or right D.collect traffic data

What's Professor Shahabi’s attitude toward his invention?

A.Disappointed. B.Proud.
C.Optimistic. D.Worried.

“Holding girls back from an education is robbing them of their dignity (尊严),” says Mariam, a teacher, in an interview with Action Press.
“I feel proud when I tell people that I’m from Swat in Pakistan, with its green and mountainous valley. But I don’t feel proud about the number of women and girls where I’m from who are still being unable to enjoy the right for an education.
“I have taught many students — including Malaya, the young education activist who was shot in the head as travelling to school in Pakistan after campaigning for girls’ education. Among them I see the dignity that education can offer. This is why I have long been devoted to teaching, and why I am doing what I can to make sure that all girls have the chance to go to school.
“At the Khushaal school and college in Mingora, many girls are prevented from going to school because of poverty and fights. However, the most common reasons for girls not attending classes are cultural. People fear that females will become too independent if educated. Instead, parents prefer to marry off girls early. Girls and young women are considered a financial burden if left dependent on their parents.”
“In the school where I have been teaching for over ten years, I have seen how this discrimination plays out. Parents regard an educated and independent female as being too clever for her own. Even if parents agree to give a girl an education, a limit is set to the number of years for her to attend classes and it is common for girls to make it through only primary school. This is why I have been working tirelessly to change these damaging views and cultural practices. These are crimes against humanity (人道),which I have no choice but to strongly accuse of.”
“Malala was right to fight for her education.” says Mariam, who will be in New York with UNESCO (联合国教科文组织), delivering a speech calling for world leaders to make sure every child gets a chance to go to school.
What does Mariam take pride in?

A.Her dignity from education.
B.Her lifelong devotion to teaching.
C.Her hometown with fantastic scenery.
D.Her experience as a speech maker.

What is the major reason to prevent girls from going to school?

A.The constant fights across the country.
B.The lack of financial support for schooling.
C.The limited time allowed to attend classes.
D.The traditional views on females’ social role.

What will Mariam appeal for in her speech?

A.Accusing of the shooting of the schoolgirl.
B.Sex balance among children of school age.
C.Equal access for boys and girls to education.
D.Independence of girls with a good education.

Which of the following is true about Mariam?

A.Malala event motivated her to work years for children.
B.She spoke in favour of Malala’s action in the interview.
C.A press invited her to attend a conference in New York.
D.She started a campaign with Malala for females’ freedom.

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