The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms(症状). The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
| A．4 | B．5 | C．6 | D．3 |
Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
| A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. |
| B．Colds are not caused by cold. |
| C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. |
| D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. |
Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
| A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions |
| B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather |
| C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions |
| D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world |
Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit ______.
| A．suffered a lot | B．never caught colds |
| C．often caught colds | D．became very strong |
The passage mainly discusses _______.
| A．the experiments on the common cold |
| B．the cures about the common cold |
| C．the reason and the way people catch colds |
| D．the continued spread of common colds |
When you want to see if a library has the book you want, you can use the catalogue(目录) in the Library. Most catalogues of books in a library take the form of small cards kept in boxes. One way of arranging (排列) the cards is in ABC order by the family names of the writers.
Catalogue cards usually give the following important information: (1 )the name of the writer, (2)the shelf-n k(架号) ,that is ,the Dewev number which helps people to find where the books are, (3) the title of the book, (4)the year of publication and the publisher, and (5)the number of pages in the book.
1．if you know the title of a book and want to find out if it is in the catalogue, what else do you need to know?
A. The shelf-mark. B. The name of the writer.
C. The Dewey number. D. The year of publication.
2. Which of the following is the kind of catalogue card described in the text?
A. 428.65 Brooks,J.and Grundy,P.Writing for Study PurposesCambridge University I ‘ns~(1954) 78pp
B. 783.25 The best bookfor writing practicePractical Writing (1965) 213pp
C.315.08 Reading Skills Beijing University Press (1990) 160pp
D.921 .87 Smith, J Practical ReachingThe People’s Publishing House (1989)
JINTAN,JTANGSU:The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls — had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯) out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)Tuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
‘Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable! ‘said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China’ s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission (国家)as the country’s biggest and best contest of its kind.
1. This news story is mainly about .
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
2. This news story most probably appeared in a news paper in .
A.1995 B. 1987 C. 1986 D. 1997
3 Ii can be inferred from the text that the teacher from Guangdong province .
A. felt proud of the gold medal winners
B. wondered if the students were honest
C. thought that the problems were too difficult for the students
D. believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university
4 The underlined phrase ‘figure out’ in the text means .
A .guess B. add up C. work out D. study
In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence to hire a machine and an attendant (f~ ~). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed , the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.
1. Who used the bathing machine?
A. Women bathers.
B. Both men and women bathers.
C. Bathers who couldn’t swim.
D. Bathers who couldn’t walk.
2. A bathing machine was mainly used for
A. giving the bather a pleasure ride on the beach
B. giving the bather some exercise before getting into the water
C. protecting the bather from catching cold from the sea wind
D. protecting the bather from being seen in bathing dress out of water
3. In the 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them?
a. Changing into bathing clothes
b. Getting out of the bathing machine
c. Paying 2 pence
d. Getting into the bathing machine
e. Being taken down the beach
f. Getting into the water
A. e,d,a,b,f,c B. c,d,a,e,b,f
C. c,d,e,a,b,f D. d,a,e,b,f,c
Annealing
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly, if metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping(浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle(脆)—that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not breaks as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.
1. Annealing can make metal ____
A. hard and tough(韧) B. hard but brittle C. soft but tough D. soft and brittle
2. Why do people put hot metal in water?
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle
3. In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on ______
A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation
4. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.
D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions（感知，感觉）: 
Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick（尺码） to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse（正面的）to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary（临时的） emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory（相反的） information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus（刺激）-"He's basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting（入店行窃）." We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information -"All kids get into mischief（顽皮）. Taking a book from the bookstore isn't such a big deal." We call change the meaning of the contradictory information-"It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later."...
| 1． |
Why might the observation of the same person by two people at the same time differ?
|
| 2． |
According the passage, our perceptions are formed by ________.
|
| 3． |
From the passage, we know _____ causes us to think a boy's shoplifting isn't serious.
|
| 4． |
What does the passage mainly talk about?
|