The following are four kinds of medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take some by mistake.
| Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For further nighttime and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For children between six and twelve years old, give half the adult dosage（剂量）. For children under six years old, go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place. |
| Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen-year- olds. As usual, a pill at 6:00a.m. before breakfast, one before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack. |
| The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adults. Don’t take the medicine without fever. Half for children under 12 years old. For children with a high fever, go to see a doctor at once. |
| The medicine taken three times a day, once five pills for adults with a cold. Half of the pills for children under 14 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep. |
If a little child under six has a fever, it’s suggested that he ________.
| A．take two tablets before sleep | B．stop to take another pill |
| C．take one tablet before sleep | D．go to see a doctor |
Obviously a kind of medicine mentioned above isn’t proper for ________, judging from the information.
| A．children over twelve years old | B．some adults of 18 years old |
| C．some old persons with heart attack | D．neither adults nor children |
When an adult has a cold, he had better __________.
| A．have as many as fifteen pills a day | B．have twice a day |
| C．have four times a day | D．have nine pills a day |
How many kinds of medicine can be taken by children of seven years old?
| A．Two kinds. | B．Three kinds. | C．None. | D．Four kinds. |
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates（无脊椎动物）create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft（手工艺）materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit（编织）.
（1）What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
| A． |
It is an exhibition of oil paintings. |
B． |
It offers art courses for all ages. |
| C． |
It presents recreational activities. |
D． |
It is a major tourist attraction. |
（2）Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures?
| A． |
Light Awash in Watercolor. |
B． |
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. |
| C． |
Wheel Throwing. |
D． |
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. |
（3）What can you do together with Javier Marin?
| A． |
Practice a traditional dance. |
B． |
Make handcrafts. |
| C． |
Visit a local museum. |
D． |
Feed invertebrates. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
ㅤThis effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors，those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate，and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors，then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons，people's errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
ㅤBut a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折） on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance，the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
ㅤIn a follow﹣up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates？Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？This happened some of the time，but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently，the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision﹣making are enormous.
（1）What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
The methods of estimation. |
| B． |
The underlying logic of the effect. |
| C． |
The causes of people's errors. |
| D． |
The design of Galton's experiment. |
（2）Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
the crowds were relatively small |
| B． |
there were occasional underestimates |
| C． |
individuals did not communicate |
| D． |
estimates were not fully independent |
（3）What did the follow﹣up study focus on？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
The size of the groups. |
| B． |
The dominant members |
| C． |
The discussion process. |
| D． |
The individual estimates. |
（4）What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies？＿＿＿＿
| A． |
Unclear. |
| B． |
Dismissive. |
| C． |
Doubtful. |
| D． |
Approving. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
ㅤTo do so，I divided the book into two parts. In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
ㅤPart one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
ㅤIn the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so. I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
ㅤThe second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high﹣quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
（1）What is the book aimed at？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
Teaching critical thinking skills. |
| B． |
Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. |
| C． |
Solving philosophical problems. |
| D． |
Promoting the use of a digital device. |
（2）What does the underlined word"declutter"in paragraph 3 mean？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
Clear﹣up. |
| B． |
Add﹣on. |
| C． |
Check﹣in. |
| D． |
Take﹣over. |
（3）What is presented in the final chapter of part one？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
Theoretical models. |
| B． |
Statistical methods. |
| C． |
Practical examples. |
| D． |
Historical analyses. |
（4）What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two？＿＿＿＿
| A． |
Use them as needed. |
| B． |
Recommend them to friends. |
| C． |
Evaluate their effects. |
| D． |
Identify the ideas behind them. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
ㅤAfter studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria（细菌）？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer﹣causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco﹣machine.
ㅤThe task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge（污泥）.First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
ㅤHe was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco﹣machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
ㅤOver the years，John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse﹣like facility that treated sewage （污水）from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco﹣machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
ㅤ"Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，"he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self﹣repair."
（1）What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
He was fond of traveling. |
| B． |
He enjoyed being alone. |
| C． |
He had an inquiring mind. |
| D． |
He longed to be a doctor. |
（2）Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
To feed the animals. |
| B． |
To build an ecosystem. |
| C． |
To protect the plants. |
| D． |
To test the eco﹣machine. |
（3）What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
To review John's research plans. |
| B． |
To show an application of John's idea. |
| C． |
To compare John's different jobs. |
| D． |
To erase doubts about John's invention. |
（4）What is the basis for John's work？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
Nature can repair itself. |
| B． |
Organisms need water to survive. |
| C． |
Life on Earth is diverse. |
| D． |
Most tiny creatures live in groups. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Bike Rental &Guided Tours
ㅤWelcome to Amsterdam，welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical，sustainable and fun way to explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
ㅤWhy MacBike
ㅤMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake（刹车），bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡），bikes with child seats，and children's bikes.
ㅤPrices
|
Hand Brake，Three Gears |
Foot Brake，No Gears |
|
|
1 hour |
€7.50 |
€5.00 |
|
3 hours |
€11.00 |
€7.50 |
|
1 day（24 hours） |
€14.75 |
€9.75 |
|
Each additional day |
€8.00 |
€6.00 |
ㅤGuided City Tours
ㅤThe 2.5﹣hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
（1）What is an advantage of MacBike？ ＿＿＿＿
| A． |
It gives children a discount. |
| B． |
It offers many types of bikes. |
| C． |
It organizes free cycle tours. |
| D． |
It has over 2，500 rental shops. |
（2）How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？＿＿＿＿
| A． |
€15.75. |
| B． |
€19.50. |
| C． |
€22.75. |
| D． |
€29.50. |
（3）Where does the guided city tour start？＿＿＿＿
| A． |
The Gooyer，Windmill. |
| B． |
The Skinny Bridge. |
| C． |
Heineken Brewery. |
| D． |
Dam Square. |