Good sportsmanship occurs when teammates, opponents（对手）, coaches, and officials treat each other with respect. Kids learn the basics of sportsmanship from the adults in their lives, especially their parents and their coaches. Kids who see adults behaving in a sportsmanlike way gradually come to understand that the real winners in sports are those who know how to keep on trying an
d to behave well - whether they win or lose a game.
Parents can help their kids understand that good sportsmanship includes both small gestures and heroic efforts. It starts with something as simple as shaking hands with opponents before a game and includes acknowledging good plays made by others and accepting bad calls gracefully. Showing good sportsmanship isn't always easy: It can be hard to congratulate the opposing team after losing a close or important game. But the kids who learn how to do it will benefit in many ways.
A child who bullies or laugh at others on the playing field isn't likely to change the behavior when in the classroom or in social situations. In the same way, a child who practices good sportsmanship is likely to carry the respect (尊重) and appreciation of other people into every other aspect of life
The best coaches - and parents - encourage their kids to play fair, to have fun, and to concentrate(专心于) on helping the team while improving their own skills.The most important feature of good sportsmanship is ______.
| A．respecting others. | B．concentrating on winning |
| C．improving one’s own skills. | D．beating the opposing team |
Which of the following is NOT the behavior of good sportsmanship?
| A．Shaking hands with opponents | B．Playing on the field like heroes. |
| C．Praising good playing of others | D．Accepting unfriendly viewers’ opinions |
As a child with good sportsmanship, he / she will ______.
| A．treat winning as the most important thing. |
| B．be proud of the success of his / her team |
| C．look down on others’ playing skills. |
| D．not get discouraged when defeated |
It can be inferred from the passage ______.
| A．a child who bullies others can’t play well on the field. |
| B．the real winners are those who play with best skills. |
| C．a child with good sportsmanship behaves well in society |
| D．it is simple and easy to show one’s good sportsmanship |
Few of us make money by losing sleep．But three graduate students at Brown University in Providence built a company around sleep deprivation （睡眠不足）．
Jason Donahue, Ben Rubin and Eric Shashoua were working late nights in Brown’s business and engineering schools．They began thinking about ways to sleep better．They discovered they weren’t alone in burning the midnight oil．Around 20% of Americans get less than six hours of rest a night．
The friends imagined a smart alarm clock that could track how much time people spend in the most restorative （有回复作用的） stages of the sleep cycle: REM （rapid eye movement） and deep sleep．What would it cost to design such a thing? Five years of research, 20 employees, $14 million and a whole lot of doubting from investors and scientists．
Their company, Zeo, based in Newton, Mass, launched its product in June, 2009．The Zeo device uses a headband with tiny sensors （传感器） that scan your brain for signs of four sleep states- REM, light, deep and waking sleep．The smart alarm clock displays a graph of your sleep pattern and wakes you as you’re not in REM sleep （which is when you’re least groggy）．In the morning you can upload the data to the company’s Web site, and so track your sleep over time．Most of the feedback comes in the form of Zeo’s ZQ score showing how well you’ve slept．
"Zeo allows people to unlock this black box of sleep," says Dave Dickinson, a health-care CEO．
Whether any of this actually improves sleep is up to the consumer, who will also need to make lifestyle changes like cutting out alcohol before bedtime or caffeine after 3 pm．
For now the company is selling Zeo online only．Dickinson also plans to spread it to countries such as Australia, where sleep deprivation approaches US levels．Who will support Zeo?
| A．People full of imagination． | B．People suffering sleeping problems． |
| C．People having access to the Internet． | D．People having bad lifestyles． |
Why did the three graduate students imagine a smart alarm clock?
| A．To wake them up on time in the morning． |
| B．To earn enough money for their study． |
| C．To improve the quality of people’s sleep． |
| D．To enjoy their life while working at night． |
To design the Zeo device, the three graduate students ____．
| A．spent much time and money | B．were widely supported by scientists |
| C．worked by themselves all the time | D．attracted many investors |
What can we know from the passage?
| A．Zeo has a direct effect on users’ lifestyles． |
| B．It needs more personal efforts to make Zeo function better． |
| C．A large quantity of Zeo devices have been sold in Australia． |
| D．Consumers can go to the Zeo company to purchase Zeo in person． |
For many people, the name Baskin-Robbins is linked to sweet memories of eating ice cream．Irvine Robbins, who helped create this famous company, died in May at the age of ninety．His life’s work of making fun and exciting ice cream flavors changed the way Americans enjoy this food．
Irvine Robbins opened his first ice cream store in 1945 in California．At the time, there were no stores that sold only ice cream．His sister’s husband, Burton Baskin, also opened his own ice cream stores．
In 1948 they combined their six stores into one business．Baskin and Robbins realized that they were too busy to operate each store well．So, they decided to sell part of each operation to the manager of that store．This permitted the company to grow quickly．
By 1953, they renamed their company Baskin-Robbins．They advertised that they sold 31 kinds of ice cream to show the many choices buyers had．There was one flavor for every day of the month．
Robbins and Baskin sold "Lunar Cheesecake" the day after astronauts landed on the moon in 1969．Other flavors included "ChaChaCha", for cherry chocolate chip, and Robbins’ personal favorite "Jamoca Almond Fudge"．They said: "We sell fun, not just ice cream．"
By 1967, there were 500 Baskin-Robbins stores in the United States．The business partners sold their company that year．Today, there are more than 5,800 Baskin-Robbins stores around the world．What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．The managers of Baskin-Robbins． | B．The start of Baskin-Robbins． |
| C．The production of Baskin Robbins． | D．The great success of Baskin-Robbins． |
From the text we learn that _____．
| A．Baskin-Robbins was the only shop selling ice cream in 1945 |
| B．Baskin-Robbins was famous for their special ice cream flavors |
| C．Baskin-Robbins grew quickly because they combined their other stores together |
| D．there had been more than 5,800 Baskin-Robbins stores around the world by 1967 |
What was probably the main reason for Baskin-Robbins’ success?
| A．They sold not only ice cream, but fun． |
| B．They renamed their company． |
| C．They put all their hearts into the business． |
| D．They sold "Lunar Cheesecake"． |
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
| A．Jamoca Almond Fudge is Baskins’ favorite |
| B．Cherry chocolate chip sells best |
| C．Robbins and Baskin were good at inventing new ice creams |
| D．Lunar cheesecake was invented for the astronauts |
Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it’s best to sleep on a problem．They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day．
The lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, “Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences．It’s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it’s hard to explain．”
The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols, reports New Scientist．They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept．They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night’s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day．They also found it easier to remember themes that the words had in common．But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake．
Prof．John Groeger, of Survey University’s Sleep Research Centre, said, “People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative （促使康复的）value．”
“We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with them all．”The phrase “to sleep on a problem” in Paragraph 1 most likely means “________”．
| A．to pay full attention to a problem |
| B．to wait until the next day for a decision |
| C．to sleep to forget a problem |
| D．to have difficulty in sleeping |
In the study by the US research team, students were asked to ________．
| A．put together words of similar meanings |
| B．remember words and their meanings |
| C．show their knowledge of words |
| D．make up lists of related words |
Which of the following may be easier to remember?
| A．Themes learned right before the test． |
| B．Rules from personal experiences． |
| C．Words learned before a good sleep． |
| D．Ideas stored together in the brain． |
What may be the importance of the research?
| A．It shows that sleep may help us manage information． |
| B．It helps find out the common themes of words． |
| C．It tells us that more sleep can improve health． |
| D．It proves the value of old-fashioned advice． |
Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub．But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes（失礼）for the newcomers．
A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pubs - starting with the difficulty of getting a drink．Most pubs have no waiters - you have to go to the bar to buy drinks．A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own．This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose．
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability（社交）in a society known for its reserve．Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served．The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior．“If you haven’t been to a pub, you haven’t been to Britain．” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists’ Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers’ rule of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”．
The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat．For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks．Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order．The underlined word “sample” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．
| A．taste | B．experience |
| C．test | D．record |
The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to ________．
| A．encourage people to communicate with each other |
| B．encourage more people to consume drinks |
| C．attract more tourists to the pubs |
| D．form its own character of culture |
If you don’t follow the local rules in a pub, ________．
| A．you won’t buy good local drinks |
| B．you may annoy the regular customers and bar staff |
| C．you may fail to feel the local culture |
| D．you might get into a dangerous place |
What may be the best title for the passage?
| A．Self-service Pubs in Britain |
| B．British Local Pubs: Special Chat Places |
| C．Local Pub Culture in Britain |
| D．Manners in British Local Pubs |
Car sharing is another way to drive green that’s gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas．People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands （差事）or drive on weekends benefit most from car sharing．Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit （非营利的）and informal car sharing services．Members pay a monthly fee and have access to an entire fleet of cars when they need one．The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to make a reservation, and then go to the pickup spot．
Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road．Members don’t drive just because they are in a car．They plan trips, and if they don’t need a car, they don’t use one．Still, a car is available to them if they need to make a big trip to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day．Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership．They usually don’t have to pay for the gas, insurance or maintenance （保养）, and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment．So if you really want to go green but aren’t ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go．
If you still need to get around, but want to go even greener than sharing a car, share a bus!The author intends to tell us that car sharing ________．
| A．has become the most popular way to go to work |
| B．has become the best way to cut living costs |
| C．is becoming more and more popular in cities |
| D．is becoming popular both in urban and rural （乡村的）areas |
We can conclude from the passage that _________．
| A．Zipear can’t help you if you are running urgent errands |
| B．Zipcar, different from other services, aims green driving with no profit |
| C．Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing service for a monthly payment |
| D．Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free |
The second paragraph mainly tells us _________．
| A．why people will share a car |
| B．why car sharing benefits the environment |
| C．why car sharing is cheaper than owning a car |
| D．why a car is available to members |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
| A．Car sharing has become a new trend （趋势）． |
| B．Car sharing can save you the headaches of ownership． |
| C．Bus sharing is even greener than car sharing． |
| D．Zipcar is the largest company offering car sharing services． |