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Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs; the need to protect patients from brutal news, to uphold a promise of secrecy or to advance the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should doctors reject that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients’ own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness; help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.
There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to know the professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.”
Title: 1 Or Not
| Different 2 |
·Most doctors are in 3 of lying for the patients’ own sake. |
| ·A great majority of patients 4 on being told the truth. |
|
| Reasons for 5 lying to patients |
·Informing patients of the truth about their condition destroys their hope, 6 to recovering more slowly, or deteriorating faster, perhaps even 7 themselves. |
| Reasons 8 lying to patients |
·The truthful information helps patients to 9 their illness, help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery. ·Most patients feel 10 when they learn that they have been misled. |
Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips(秘诀) 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to get along with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you cannot expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) than others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.
When I was in Germany, one day at Christmas time I went to a post office to send a letter. (1) my surprise. I found people queuing some paces away (2)___ the person at the savings deposit (存款)window. Why so? Each did his business in turn (3) the line never moved a step nearer. I was very curious, so I walked to the window to find out the (4)_____. There was a notice on (5) ____ was written “Thank you for your respect for others’ privacy”, a polite warning to keep people away from nosing into(干涉)others’ affairs. Money matters are (6)___as privacy in Western countries. I was deeply impressed by the sight and stayed a while to watch: they were waiting so calmly at a distance that they seemed quite used to the practice .The same thing happened at a public telephone box. Those waiting for their turns always kept their distance enough to be out of hearing. It’s another typical example!
From then on, I took care to watch their ways of doing things, manners, and treatment shown towards others. I found the Germans always (7) ___________ (mind) of others’ privacy. They avoided putting others in an embarrassing situation. For instance, they never asked about age, incomes or the place to buy such a coat, nor (8)______ ______ they comment on the clothes or jewelry others wore. Their laws forbid reading diaries (9)___ __________opening letters without (10)______ ______ (permit). That shows personal matters are not allowed to be disturbed.
In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now?
It is not polite to arrive at a dinner party more than 15 to 20 minutes 1 . The host or hostess usually waits for all the guests to arrive before serving the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled, and so might the host or hostess’s spirits. If you have to be late, call and tell them to start 2 you.
It’s even 3 (bad) to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be ready. If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car 4 the right time.
Though it is often important to arrive on time, yet on the other hand, for open houses, the host or hostess invites guests to arrive and leave 5 a certain time. You can arrive at any time within the time he or she gives you.
It’s polite to bring an empty stomach, but it’s even nicer to bring a small present. The present should not cost a lot, or you might embarrass the host or hostess. 6 (flower), wine, or a box of candy will do fine. Never bring money as a present.
In an 7 (introduce), the order of a name is: (1) 、the given name；(2) 、the family name. In other words the given name comes first. It’s important not 8 to learn and remember names, but to respect them often in 9 (converse). After the introduction，we usually call friends 10 their given names. Older people may want you call them their titles and family names, such as “Mr. Jones”、 “Mrs. Johnson” or “Dr. Brown”.
Once upon a time, a poor boy together with his mother lived in a mountainous village. In his childhood the boy often cheated 1 boys out of money and things, but his mother quickly saw through his deception and criticized him. With his 2 (mother) education, he also felt a sense of injustice about his deeds and made an 3 (apologize) to others. His mother did everything in her power to change his faulty. She sent him to a school, ___4_ _ he worked very hard. Five years later, he stood out among his classmates and was always thought highly of by all his teachers. He became 5 (interest) in literature and enjoyed 6（read）many famous literature works, such as Pride and Prejudice, Jane Eyre, 7 which he was able to improve his writing skills. _ 8 he graduated from school, he became a journalist in a newspaper of the city. He hailed (呼吁) the 9（equal）of man in his articles. In the end, many people would like to read his articles as soon as they 10 (publish).