One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door, was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.
However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?”
“You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.
Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.
At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words:
“Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.”
Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling．Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as
possible．Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers．It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them．This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and 
then go about
making it available for purchase.
This concept（理念） does not imply that business is benevolent（慈善的） or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company．There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs．Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers．A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink．The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt（果断的） restoration（恢复） of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new．King Customer ruled!The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in fact, __________.
| A．the practice of turning goods into money |
| B．making goods available for purchase |
| C．the customer- centered approach |
| D．a form of persuasive salesmanship |
What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?
| A．The needs of the market． | B．The efficiency of production. |
| C．The satisfaction of the user． | D．The preferences of the dealer. |
According to the passage, the underlined part "to move as much of these goods as possible" （Para．1） means _________.
| A．to sell the largest possible amount of goods |
| B．to transport goods as efficiently as possible |
| C．to dispose of these goods in large quantities |
| D．to redesign these goods for large - scale production |
What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
| A．Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. |
| B．It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. |
| C．Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. |
| D．Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. |
A survey by an international temporary service agency found that U．S．managers believe that people with a sense of humour do better at their jobs, compared with those who have little or no sense of humour．In fact, about 96 percent of those surveyed said people with a sense of humour do better.
The survey went on to point out that the results suggest that a sense of humour may help light-hearted employees keep their jobs during tough times． And, what's more, it ma
y push them up the corporate ladder past their humourless colleagues．Why? It seems that those with a sense of humour are better communicators and better team players.
Studies have shown that happy workers are more productive． In fact, a researcher at California State University found that humour could help the employees to release tension.
Research done by psychologist Dr．Ashton Trice at Mary Baldwin College in Virginia
showed that humour helps us think．When people feel stuck on important projects, they tend to feel angry or depressed． According to Dr．Trice's research, taking time out to laugh can help us to get rid of negative feelings and allow us to return to a task or move on to another project unaffected by past defeat.
If humour is really this important, then why don't we use it more often on the job? Most likely, the main reason is that many people are unaware of the positive effects of humour in the workplace．However, it is important to realize that some humour is not suitable for the workplace, and that it is often used at wrong times.Most people think a sense of humour can ________.
| A．help you to do your work better | B．make you have a rich life |
| C．make you pleased with your work | D．help you to make more friends |
Many people don't use humour more in the workplace because __________.
| A．they like keeping silent when working |
| B．they don't know the positive effects of humour |
| C．they think they should obey the rules |
| D．they don't like joking or laughing |
A person without a sense of humour is easier __________.
| A．to feel surprised | B．to get along with |
| C．to be worried | D．to be successful |
What is probably the best title for the article?
| A．People with a Sense of Humour. | B．Humour Is Important in the Workplace． |
| C．Humour and Humourless. | D．Everyone Likes Humour. |
A couple had two little boys aged 8 and 10 who were very naughty．They were always getting into trouble and their parents knew that if any trouble occurred in their town their sons were probably involved.
The boys' mother heard that a clergyman（牧师） in the town had been successful in educating children so she asked if he would speak with her boys．The clergyman agreed but asked to see them individually．So the mother sent her 8-year-old first in the morning with the elder boy to see the clergyman in the afternoon.
The clergyman, a huge man with a booming （嗡嗡） voice, sat the younger boy down and asked him strictly, "Where is God?"
The boy's mouth dropped open but he made no answer, sitting there with his mouth hanging open, wide-eyed．So the clergyman repeated the question in an even stricter tone "Where is God?" Again the boy made no attempt to answer．So the clergyman raised his voice even more and shook his finger in the boy's face and shouted" Where is God?"
The boy screamed and escaped from the room, ran directly home and dove into his closet, slamming the door behind him．When his elder brother found him in the closet, he asked "What happened?"
The younger brother replied out of breath, "We are in big trouble this time．God is missing--and they think we did it．"What were the two boys like?
| A．They always made trouble． | B．They were brave. |
| C．They were easygoing. | D．They were honest. |
What did their parents plan to do?
| A．They gave up their children. |
| B．They liked their children very much. |
| C．They wanted the clergyman to persuade their children． |
| D．They helped their children to make trouble. |
What do you suppose the boy felt when he was asked by the clergyman?
| A．Happy． | B．Sad. | C．Afraid． | D．Surprised. |
What do you think the underlined word "slamming" in Paragraph 5 means?
| A．Open． | B．Shut． | C．Knock． | D．Pull. |
The old idea that child prodigies (神童) “burn themselves” or “overtax their brains” in the early years, and therefore are prey to failure and (at worst) mental illness is just a myth. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright children is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.
To find this out, 1, 500 gifted persons were followed up to thirty or fifty year with these results:
On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they did as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. Eighty-four percent of their group were married and seemed content with their life.
About 70 percent had graduated from colleges, though only 30 percent had graduated with honors. A few had even flunked out(退学), but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.
Of the men, 80 percent were in one of the professions or in business, managers or semi-professional jobs. The women who had remained single had offices, business, or professional occupations.
The group had published 90 books and 1, 500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.
In a material way they didn’t do badly, either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth when last surveyed.
In fact, far from being strange, maladjusted (难以适应) people locked in an ivory tower, most of the gifted were turning their early promises into practical reality.
55. The main idea of the passage is _____.
A. that gifted children were most likely to become bright grown-ups
B. that when the bright children grew up, they would become ordinary
C. that bright children were unlikely to be physically and mentally healthy
D. how many gifted children turned successful when they grew up
56. From the passage, we can conclude that _____.
A. half of the gifted followed up graduated from colleges
B. bright men got higher income than bright women
C. most of the gifted children became white collars when they grew up
D. each of the talented published at least one article
57. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage ?
A. Most of the gifted appeared satisfied with their life .
B. Most of the bright and successful women kept single
C. The gifted could not be fit for their social positions
D. The gifted men got full marks in intelligence tests
58. The explanation of the underlined phrase “turning their early promises into practical reality” is _____.
A. doing practical jobs and facing reality
B. realizing what they were expected
C. earning their living and keeping promises
D. doing what they have promised
One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.
Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)?” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents—and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters (培养) leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.
Kids are not to blame. They are over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite（仪式）of passage.
Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement (增强) love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.
51. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that __________.
A.Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods
B. children are expected to develop into protectors of nature
C. kids missing the sense of wonder outdoors
D. parks are in danger of being gradually encroached
52. According to the passage, children without experiencing nature will _________.
A.change wild places and creatures for the better
B. keep a high sense of wonder
C. be over-protected by their parents
D. be less healthy both physically and mentally
53. According to the author, children’s breaking an arm is ___________.
A.the natural experience in their growing up
B. the fault on the part of their parents
C. the effect of their repetitive stress from computers
D. the result of their own carelessness in play
54. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to ________.
A. show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature
B. blame children for getting lost in computer games
C. inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around
D. encourage children to protect parks from encroachment