Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.www.examda.com
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays.
This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.Which of these sentences best describes the writer's point in Paragraph 1?
| A．To some extent, intelligence is given at birth. |
| B．Intelligence is developed by the environment. |
| C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid. |
| D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment. |
It is suggested in this passage that_______.
| A．unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence |
| B．close relations usually have similar intelligence |
| C．the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence |
| D．people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence |
Brothers and sisters are likely to_______.
| A．have similar intelligence | B．have different intelligence |
| C．go to the same university | D．go to the same factory |
The best title for this article would be_______.
| A．On Intelligence | B．What Intelligence Means |
| C．We Are Born with Intelligence | D．Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence |
D
The following is a timetable in Shanghai Pudong International Airport．
| Airline |
Flight Number |
Destination |
Departure |
Gate |
| Air Canada |
137 |
Beijing |
10:12 a．m． |
24 |
| Japanese Airlines |
320 |
Tokyo |
10:30 a．m． |
18 |
| British Airways |
405 |
Paris |
11:00 a．m． |
20 |
| Pan American |
226 |
London |
11:20 a．m． |
12 |
| Pan American |
12 |
Beijing |
11:43 a．m． |
15 |
| Air Canada |
178 |
Tokyo |
12:32 a．m． |
21 |
| CAAC |
289 |
Hong Kong |
12:32 a．m． |
14 |
| CAAC |
314 |
Moscow |
12:45 a．m． |
18 |
| British Airways |
230 |
New York |
12:55 a．m． |
23 |
A man wants to take Flight 178 to Tokyo． Which gate should he go to?
| A．14 | B．28 | C．21 | D．18 |
Lisa is at gate 23． Where is she going?
| A．Paris | B．Beijing | C．Tokyo | D．New York |
Now it’s 11:40． Mary is at gate 20． Which airline’s plane will she take?
| A．British Airways | B．Japanese Airlines |
| C．Pan American | D．Air Canada |
Gate _______ is the busiest among all these gates．
| A．23 | B．18 | C．24 | D．15 |
Which airline’s flights cover the longest route(行程)?
| A．CAAC | B．Pan American | C．British Airways | D．Air Canada |
C
Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Many people are afraid to support themselves. Dr. Robert Albert， author of Stand Up， Speak Out， and Talk Back，thinks it’s because their self-respect is low. “There s always a ‘superior’ (长辈) around ˉa parent， a teacher， a boss—— who knows better.” But Albert and other scientists are doing something to help people help themselves. They offer “assertiveness(维护) training” courses——A.T. for short. In the A. T. Course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive (进攻的) without hurting other people. In one way， learning to speak out is to get rid of fear. A group taking an A. T. Course will help the timid (懦弱的) person to lose his fear. But A. T. uses an even stronger motive (动机)——the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-respect. If someone you face is more “important” than you， you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your answers to problems. You can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do you can learn to speak out. The problem the writer talks about is that…
| A．some people buy things they don t want |
| B．some people are afraid to speak out for their rights |
| C．there are too many superiors |
| D．some people don t think enough of themselves |
The cause of the problem talked about in this passage is that .
| A．some people have a low self-respect |
| B．there is always someone around who “knows better” |
| C．salesmen talk people into buying things they don’t want |
| D．people don t share enough |
The A.T. Course often
A. make people distrust their own answers
B. make things more favorable for “superiors”
C. help people know as much as their “superiors”
D. help people become more importantOne thing the A . T. Course don t do is to .
A. share the need of people
B. show they have a right to be themselves
C. help people overcome fear
D. help people to help themselves even if others sufferA good title for this passage could be .
| A．The Need to Share |
| B．Talk Back When Necessary |
| C．One Way to Build Self-Respect |
| D．One Way to Train Speaking Ability |
B
What is language for? Some people seem to think it's for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words—the longer the lists，the better. That's wrong. Language is for the exchange（交流）of ideas and information. It's meaningless knowing all about a language if you can't use it freely. Many students I have met know hundreds of grammar rules, but they can't speak correctly or fluently. They are afraid of making mistakes. One shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking a foreign language. Native speakers make mistakes and break rules, too. Bernard saw once wrote, "Foreigners often speak English too correctly." But the mistakes that native speakers make are different from those that Chinese students make. They're English mistakes in the English language. And if enough native speakers break a rule, it is no longer a rule. What used to be wrong becomes right. People not only make history, they make language. But a people can only make its own language. It can't make another people's language. So Chinese students of English should pay attention to grammar, but they shouldn't overdo（做过头）it. They should put communication first. Language is used to ________.
A. express oneself B. practice grammar rules
B. talk with foreigners only D. learn lists of wordsGenerally, when an American or an Englishman speaks English, he ________.
| A．never makes mistakes | B．often makes mistakes |
| C．can't avoid making mistakes | D．always makes mistakes |
"Foreigners often speak English too correctly. "This sentence means that ________.
| A．foreigners speak correct English |
| B．foreigners speak incorrect English |
| C．foreigners speak English according to the grammar rules |
| D．foreigners never make mistakes when they speak English |
If too many native speakers break a rule, ________.
| A．what they use will become right | B．they are against the law |
| C．they should say sorry to others | D．they will become heroes |
When we speak a foreign language, we should ________.
| A．speak in Chinese way | B．speak by the rules |
| C．speak to native speakers | D．not be afraid of making mistakes |
A
The nervous-looking young man had waited for a few moments outside the jeweler's shop before he got enough courage to enter．He was warmly greeted by a young assistant. James felt a rush blood to his face as he explained he would bring in his future wife to choose a birthday present．The assistant listened carefully and told him he'd better buy a necklace. He wasn't used to buying jewelry and was a little worried about overspending. After some discussion as to reasonable price and type（类型）, the assistant showed him dozens of necklaces and helped him to choose. At last James chose one and left the shop promising to return at five o'clock. When, half an hour later, James did return to the shop with his future wife, Laura, the assistant acted as if she had never seen him before. When she was asked to show them some necklaces, she first brought out some inexpensive ones for them to choose and then gave them the one she had prepared. A choice was soon made and they went away, satisfied. James would certainly come back to buy what he wanted when he got married.A good title（题目）for this passage is ________.
| A．A Clever Assistant | B．Buying a Birthday Present |
| C．How to Choose a Necklace | D．A Brave Young Man |
Why did the young man look nervous?
| A．Because he had never bought jewelry before. |
| B．Because he would get married. |
| C．Because he didn’t have enough money to buy a satisfying present. |
| D．Because he feared he would be laughed at by shop assistants. |
The word "overspending" in this passage means ________.
| A．spending too much money |
| B．spending too much time |
| C．spending more time than be planned |
| D．spending too much time and too much money |
When James told the assistant why he wanted to buy a present, his
face________.
| A．turned pale | B．turned black | C．turned yellow | D．turned red |
James would come back to buy what he wanted because ________.
| A．the necklace was good |
| B．Laura liked the necklace |
| C．the assistant knew how to satisfy the people who came to buy things |
| D．the assistant who served James was very beautiful |
Technology: Taking the good without the bad?
Very soon, unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives．This could have dangerous consequences, especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlyi ng them．There’s a growing gap between our technological capability and our basic scientific understanding．We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath, and that is very dangerous．
The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology （纳米技术）, artificial intelligence and biotechnology．The benefits that they will bring are beyond doubt．But they are going to be very, very dangerous．I’m working in the field of artificial intelligence．I have a model design for something that might be 50,000 million times smarter than the human brain．Target date is 2010．The only thing that's not possible in the film Terminator（终结者） is that the people win．If you're fighting against technology w hich is 50,000 million times smarter than you, you probably will not win．
Nanotechnology．We've all heard of the grey glue problem, that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on copying until the world has become sticky glue．And certainly in biotechnology, we've really got a big problem because it's converging with nanotechnology and IT．Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech-enabled bacteria, we can really go an awful lot further than the Borg in Star Trek（星际迷航）．And those superhuman organisms might not like us very much．
Eventually these technologies will become routine．That’s a threat to humanity．I don’t think it’s possible to slow it down．So what we need to do is accelerate the scientific research and try to get some extra tools．The problems facing us in the future are getting bigger and bigger．I think if we don’t get some proper science done, the future is hopeless indeed．From the text, we know that the author’s greatest concern is．
| A．our lack of technological understanding of the process involved |
| B．our lack of technological capability |
| C．creating technology without really understanding the basic science |
| D．Our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create |
It can be inferred from the text that the author．
| A．thinks people overvalue the capabilities of technology |
| B．is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be used positively |
| C．thinks that we should take science fiction movies more seriously |
| D．believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically |
Why does the author say it is not possible in the film Terminator that the humans win?
| A．Because the power of the technology is exaggerated（夸大）． |
| B．Because the strength of the machines is much greater． |
| C．Because machines with that much intelligence can easily defeat humans． |
| D．Because human beings are not courageous enough to win the battle． |