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AN upper class British lady once declared: “Anyone seen on a bus after the age of 30 has been a failure in life.”

I guess she meant that if you’re middle aged and don’t have a car then you are a loser. How arrogant (傲慢) and ignorant！
Unfortunately, there are still people who think that way: that somehow public transport is only for the poor. And the rest have a right to their cars. Some wealthy folk in the West look down on buses and boast (吹嘘) about how many years it has been since they last traveled by one.
How sad is that? Our roads are packed with cars and the air is full of the pollution they emit (排放). But still, many car users are unwillingly to get on a bus or a bike or a train to take themselves to work.
It’s convenient to drive, they’ll say. Buses are so unreliable, they’ll claim. And trains are expensive ---- at least in the UK.
It’s an attitude which may have to change. It doesn’t make sense to drive a car in a city where there’s a public transport system. Also, these rush hour commuters (往返上班者) usually travel alone.
As a result, transport authorities in the UK are looking at solutions to city center congestion (拥堵).
One is to increase the number of parking spaces at out-of-town railway stations. More motorists (乘汽车的人) can then leave their cars and travel into the city by train.
Light rail or tramways are another environmentally friendly solution. Many cities across Europe have installed light rail or tramway systems.
The subway in London is used by everyone, rich and poor. It’s the quickest way of getting around the city, whatever your bank balance.
And then there are the cycle hire schemes you find in many modern cities. In London and Paris, you can hire a bike by the hour to get you where you need to go.
While commuters in Beijing abandon their bicycles for cars, cycling to work grows in popularity in the West.
Many cyclists are willing to pay more than 10,000 yuan for their bicycles. Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, is often pictured cycling to work. David Cameron, the British prime minister, cycled to the House of Commons before he became leader. These days he takes the prime ministerial limousine (豪华轿车).
. According to the article, some British people, like the upper class woman, think that .

A．buses are inconvenient	B．bus services are unnecessary
C．having a car is a sign of success	D．only the upper class should have cars

Which of the following measures is taken by transport authorities in the UK to solve city center congestion?

A．The development of cycle hire schemes.

B．Increasing the number of parking spaces in the city center.

C．Installing light rail or tramway systems in out-of-town areas.

D．Banning commuters from traveling alone during rush hour.

The author mentions the example of Boris Johnson in the last paragraph to .

A．express his respect for the mayor of London

B．point to the growing popularity of cycling to work in the West

C．criticize Beijing commuters for abandoning their bicycles for cars

D．show that cars are still the most common means of transportation for famous people in Britain

Which of the following might the writer agree with?
A. The British prime minister should give up his limousine.
B. Beijing commuters should learn from British commuters.
C. British solutions to public transport problems are inadequate.

In a few years, you might be able to speak Chinese, Korean, Japanese, French, and English
— and all at the same time. This sounds incredible, but Alex Waibel, a computer science professor at US’s Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Germany’s University of Karlsruhe, announced last week that it may soon be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier for people who speak different languages to understand each other.
One application, called Lecture Translation, can easily translate a speech from one language into another. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Users also have to be trained how to use the programme.
Another prototype(雏形机) can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what language they speak. “It is like having a simultaneous translator right next to you but without disturbing the person next to you,” Waibel said.
Prefer to read? So-called Translation Glasses transcribe(转录) the translations on a tiny liquid-crystal(液晶) display(LCD) screen.
Then there’s the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech. The electrodes could be replaced with wireless chips implanted in a person’s face, according to researchers.
During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMU’s Pittsburgh campus, a Chinese student named Stan Jou had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks, neck and throat. Then he mouthed — without speaking aloud — a few words in Mandarin(普通话) to the audience. A few seconds later, the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and Spanish: “Let me introduce our new prototype.”
This particular gadget(器械),when fully developed, might allow anyone to speak in any number of languages or, as Waibel put it, “to switch your mouth to a foreign language”. “The idea behind the university’s prototypes is to create ‘good enough’ bridges for cross-cultural exchanges that are becoming more common in the world,” Waibel said.
With spontaneous(自发的) translators, foreign drivers in Germany could listen to traffic warnings on the radio, tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people, and leaders of different countries could have secret talks without any interpreters there.
Which of the following statements is not TRUE?

A．A lecture translation can translate what you said into other languages easily.

B．There is no Muscle Translator in the world now.

C．Muscle Translators can translate what you think into speech if you just move your mouth.

D．The spontaneous translators will help us a lot.

. What kind of equipment is NOT mentioned in this passage?

A．Lecture Translation.

B．Muscle Translator.

C．Multiple Translator.

D．Translation Prototype.

.. What’s the final destination of inventing the language translators?

A．To make cultural exchanges between different countries easier.

B．To help students learn foreign languages more easily.

C．To make people live in foreign countries more comfortably.

D．To help people learn more foreign languages in the future.

.. What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?

A．The translator is so good that it can translate any language into the very language you need.

B．The translator is becoming more and more common in the world as a bridge.

C．With the help of the translator, you only need to open your mouth when you want to say something without saying the exact words at all.

D．The translator needs to be improved before being put into market.

. Where can this passage probably be excerpted from?

A．A newspaper.

B．A magazine on science.

C．A fairy tale.

D．A scientific fantasy book.

The crisis(危机) at Japan’s Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear(核) energy center caused by the terrible earthquake has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry. Arjun Makhijani is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States. He says the disaster(灾难)in Japan is historic.
This week, the chairman of America’s nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation(辐射) from Japan could reach the United States. Gregory also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats. No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since nineteen seventy-nine. That was when America’s worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy. At present, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close seven nuclear power centers while energy policy is reconsidered. The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twenty-seven member nations.
Developing nations are less willing to slow nuclear expansion. China said it will continue with plans to build about twenty-five new nuclear reactors（反应堆）. And India, under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years.
Nuclear reactors supply fourteen percent of global electricity. Nuclear energy is a clean resource, producing no carbon gases. But radioactive waste is a serious unresolved issue. So is the presence of nuclear power centers in earthquake areas like the one near Bushehr, Iran.
The best title of the text is .
A. Various Opinions on Japan’s Nuclear Disaster
B. Japan’s Disaster is Likely to Run out of Control
C. America Feels Great Concern for Japan’s Nuclear Crisis
D. Japan’s Disaster Throws Doubt on Nuclear Energy Industry
.
We can learn from the text that America .

A．experienced a terrible nuclear accident 32 years ago

B．has a strong program to deal with radiation danger

C．depends heavily on nuclear energy to produce electricity

D．will check all the reactors before cooperating with India

.
According to the text, which country will be most likely to have a similar disaster?

A．German.

B．Iran.

C．India.

D．China.

.
How does the author seem to feel about the future of nuclear energy?

A．Satisfied.

B．Pleased.

C．Wordless.

D．Surprised.

.
The best title of the text is .

A．Various Opinions on Japan’s Nuclear Disaster

B．Japan’s Disaster is Likely to Run out of Control

C．America Feels Great Concern for Japan’s Nuclear Crisis

D．Japan’s Disaster Throws Doubt on Nuclear Energy Industry

…That’s my second piece of advice, very simple: Don’t make excuses. Take responsibility not just for your successes; take responsibility where you fall short as well.
Now, the truth is, no matter how hard you work, you’re not going to ace (取得好成绩) every class. You’re not going to succeed the first time you try something. There are going to be times when you screw up (弄糟). There will be times where you hurt people you love. There will be times when you make a mistake and you stray (偏离) from the values that you hold most deeply.
And when that happens, it’s the easiest thing in the world to start looking around for somebody else to blame. Your professor was too hard; the coaches were playing favorites; your friend just didn’t understand.
No, but this is an easy habit to get into. You see it every day in Washington — every day -—folks calling each other names, making all sorts of accusations on television. Everybody is always pointing a finger at somebody else. You notice that?
Now, this community could have easily gone down that road. This community could have made excuses — well, our kids have fewer advantages, our schools have fewer resources — how can we compete? You could have spent years pointing fingers— blaming parents, blaming teachers, blaming the principal , blaming the superintendent.
But that’s — Class of 2010, I want you to pay attention on this because that’s not what happened. Instead, this community was honest with itself about where you were falling short. You decided to do better, push your kids harder, open their minds wider, expose them to all kinds of ideas and people and experiences.
So, graduates, I hope you’ll continue those efforts. Don’t make excuses. And I hope that wherever you go, you won’t narrow the broad intellectual and social exposure you’ve had here at Kalamazoo Central — instead, seek to expand it. Don’t just hang out with people who look like you or share your political views. Broaden your circle to include people with different backgrounds and life experiences, because that’s how you’ll end up learning what it’s like to walk in somebody else’s shoes. That’s how you’ll come to understand the challenges other people face.
And this is not just an academic exercise. It’s a way to broaden your ambit (范围) of concern and learn to see yourselves in each other.
—adapted from US President Barack Obama’s graduation ceremony speech at the Kalamazoo Central High School.
The underlined words “fall short” in Paragraph 1 probably mean .

A．make a decision	B．begin to experience something
C．have someone else to blame	D．fail to reach a standard

The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to .

A．misunderstanding your friends	B．straying from the values you hold
C．making accusations on television	D．blaming someone else for your mistake

We can infer from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that the community .

A．has got used to making excuses	B．has lived up to its responsibility
C．is satisfied with itself	D．provides fewer resources than it used to

In the last two paragraphs, Obama calls on the graduates to .

A．welcome different ideas, people and experiences

B．participate in as many social activities as they can

C．make friends with people who share their political views

D．be honest and concerned about the community

In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of "mastery"—feeling important and worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of "pleasure"—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same. Women often are told "You can’t have it all. " Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: "You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life. " or "You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?" But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.
Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the "doing" side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the "feeling" side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa （反之亦然） . For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.
The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women are valued significantly higher in mastery than women who are not employed.
A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who are involved in a combination of roles —marriages, motherhood, and employment —are the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.
.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ____.

A．for women, a sense of "mastery" is more important than a sense of "pleasure"

B．for women, a sense of "pleasure" is more important than a sense of "mastery"

C．women can’t have a sen

se of "mastery" and a sense of "pleasure" at the same time

D．a sense of "mastery" and a sense of "pleasure" are both necessary to women

.
The author’s attitude towards women having a career is___.

A．negative

B．positive

C．neutral （中立）

D．realistic

.
One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ___.

A．her life will be richer and more mea

ningful

B．she will be more successful in her career

C．her chances of getting promoted will be greater

D．it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

.
The most appropriate title for the passage would be.

A．The Well-Being of Career Women

B．Sources of Mastery and Pleasure

C．Two Aspects of Women’s Well-Being

D．Multiple Roles of Women in Society