Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
| 1． |
What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
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| 2． |
The author explains the law of overlearning by.
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| 3． |
According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is.
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| 4． |
What is the author's opinion on cramming?
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D
Americanshave neverbeforeexercisedand dieted as eagerly as they are doing today. As a result,they do not only look younger and slimmer,but feel better.Because of increased physical fitness,life expectance in the nation has risen to seventy-three years, with fewer people suffering from heart disease,the nation's number one killer.
Jogging (慢跑),the easiest and cheapest way of improving the body,keeps over 30million people of all ages on the run. For the price of a good pair of running shoes, anyone anywhere can join the race.
Dieting,too, has become a national pastime.Promoters of diets that eliminate eating one thing or another,such as fats or carbohydrates (碳水化合物),promise as much as20- pound weight losses within two weeks. Books describing such amazing diets always head up (居…之首)the best-seller lists because people who are overweight want to lose weight quickly and easily.
Nevertheless,jogging and dieting, carried to extremes,can be harmful.Many confused joggers overdo and finally suffer from ankle and foot damage.Dieting,fortunately,becomes only a temporary means for shedding a few pounds while the body lose the balanced nutrition it requires,so most dieters cannot keep on diets.Above all,common sense should be the keystone for any dieting and exercise plan.
68.The main idea of this passage is that________.
A.both jogging and dieting can improveyour health
B.exercise and improved diet has raisedthe American's life expectance
C.people,who jog and diet wisely,will behealthier than those who do not
D.diet and exercise harm rather thanbenefithealth
69.According to the passage,which of thefollowing statements is TRUE?
A.Jogging can damage the body becauseit is too tough an exercise.
B.Diets are so popular because they areon the best-seller lists.
C.Americans now live to be 73years old.
D.Exercise and diet are more widespreadin America than ever before.
70.It is implied but not stated that ________.
A.heart disease is the number one killeramong Americans
B.exercise and dieting bring about spiritual as well as physical well-being
C.people don't stay on a diet because itdoesn't work
D.a 20-pound weight loss within two weeks is too much for the body
71.The best title for this passage is _________..
A.Jogging and DietB.Exercise and Health
C.Physical FitnessD.Life Expectancy and Diet
The publication of "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" gladdens booksellers across China. The British and American editions were No. 1 and No. 3 respectively on the sales chart of the Beijing Xidan Book Building last week. The book's poster is highlighted and news about the book can often be heard on the radio.
Why is the book so attractive to children? With curious mood, the author got a copy of "Harry Potter". Originally, I wanted to glance over it and made some criticisms. But, out of expectation, the author has been deeply attracted by the magic world. On the other hand, one cannot help asking: where is our own "Harry Potter"?
The Chinese nation has a history of 5,000 years, which cannot be regarded as short and its culture as not profound. With a vast market of youngsters, China did publish many books popular among children. However, why are the present works not as good as those imported?
There come two major reasons: Firstly, quite a number of children's books are of strong sense of teaching, and lack interest and entertainment. Children often have a feeling of being "educated". No wonder they don't like them. Secondly, children's reading materials involving "idiom stories" and "Chinese talents' stories", though always in different covers, are usually much the same or plagiarized. One knows the ending as early as in the beginning. In final analysis, the authors of the books seldom take children's requirements into consideration.
As a matter of fact, each child has his own wonderful imagination. They long to understand the world and nature. Similarly they have their own choices. They dislike similar stories, even if the stories are excellent. First-class reading for children should be very interesting, which contains knowledge and the essence of national culture, which are presented in children's language.
Market is a touchstone for products. The theory also holds true for cultural products. It is hoped that the authors of children's books can learn something from the good market of "Harry Potter" and write out more and better books loved by children.
64. The disadvantages of our books are the following except_______.
A. they have little sense of interest and entertainment
B. many of our books are of the same
C. the authors didn’t pay much attention to the children’s tastes.
D. Our authors never know what our children need.
65. The reason why the imported book is so popular is that _______.
A. it has no sense of teaching
B. it opens a wonderful world for children to explore
C. it is only written in children’s language
D. it is advertised more on TV or poster.
66. What’s the feeling of the writer when he finishes reading “Harry Potter”?
A. He is so angry that he wants to criticize the book
B. He is also attracted by the book
C. He is shocked by the book, meanwhile he is worried about our books.
D. He can’t help looking for Harry Potter.
67. What does the writer mean by writing “where’s our own Harry Potter”?
A. We are short of books for children
B. We Chinese must produce books as popular as “Harry Potter”.
C. Authors should write books in the same way as “Harry Potter”
D. Our authors are hoped to make the market of our books for children take off
B
Particles from car exhausts generate more persistent clouds but less rain, new research suggests. Furthermore, putting more of these particles into the atmosphere reduces the low-level winds, which could reduce the amount of wind power available in very polluted regions. The dry but populated regions may therefore suffer a triple blow as a result of vehicle pollution：less water, less hydropower and less wind energy.
Scientists studied the effects of aerosol（浮质）pollution from cars and industry. They correlated satellite data on wind speeds and the amount of aerosol particles in the atmosphere above the South Coast Basin in California and above China. Results showed that higher concentrations of aerosols were closely associated with slower ground winds. Scientists then used computer models to support the idea that there was a cause and effect relationship behind this correlation.
Particles floating in the atmosphere block energy from the Sun, preventing it from warming the surface of the Earth. Cooler surface temperatures during the day means the low—level and slow moving air does not rise up and mix with the faster winds at higher altitudes. Slower winds also induce less evaporation from oceans, rivers and lakes. And finally, once clouds have formed, they store less moisture in the form of rain. This is because raindrops form around small particles— dust, for instance, or pollution. With more particles in the atmosphere, it takes longer for enough water to condense（凝结）onto a particle to form a raindrop. And if the cloud of fine droplets（小滴）moves to a drier area before its would-be rain can rail, the moisture evaporates once more and the cloud disappears.
Scientists note their new work does not contradict previous findings that suggest global warming might lead to more tropical storms, because there is far less particulate（微粒的）pollution over the oceans.
60. The first paragraph mainly talks about .
A. the results of vehicle pollution
B. an introduction to particles from car exhausts
C. less wind energy in polluted regions
D. less water caused by vehicle pollution
61. From this passage we can learn that .
A. scientists supported their idea by using material models
B. the new study is contrary to the previous findings
C. if there are more particles in the atmosphere, there will be more raindrops
D. there is a cause and effect relationship between wind speeds and particle pollution
62. The underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean _ .
A. reduce B. persuade C. cause D. produce
63. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Pollution and Global Warming B. Car, Wind and Rain
C. Industry Pollution D. How Rain Forms
第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2，满分40分)
A
When he thought of the past,my grandfather would sometimes show us photographs of himself at school. They were brown and faded,and it was hard to believe that the blurred figure of the little boy in the short trousers and socks could ever have been Grandfather. Besides,he wore a cap---andthe boys in the photographs wore caps pulled so far forward that half of their faces were obscured. When Grandfather asked us to pick him out from the group,we would surely point to the wrong boy.
On one such occasion my younger sister,aged six,burst into tears when Grandfather proudly guided her finger to the right boy. "How could that boy be you?"she cried. "He should have a beard.” We were,of course,all convinced that grandfathers should have beards ,preferably white and bushy,like our owngrandfather's.
"I wasa good scholar ,”Grandfather would say,wagging his beard over the photographs."I should have been top of the c1ass if I hadn't had to get up at six every morning to milk the cows and chop the wood,and again when I came home from school.”
"But Saturdays?What did you do on Saturdays?"
"Saturdays,if it was fine, I’d be out all day in the fields with the men,"replied Grandfather."And if it was wet,I’d be helping my mother with odd jobs round the house.There wasn't much time for studying."
We all tried hard to imagine what it would have been like to have been Grandfather getting up at crack of dawn and never,obviously,having amoment for himself.It seemed we had learnt something from what Grandfather had said about his childhood.
56.In the first paragraph of this passage,what theauthor really tells us is that_______.
A.his grandfather used to wear short trousers,socks and a cap as well
B.it was difficult to tell which of the boys inthe photographs was Grandfather
C.he didn't believe Grandfather wore a cap pulled forward when he was at school
D.it was fun to watch boys in the photographs wearing caps pulled forward
57. The author's sister burst into tears because________.
A.she did not get a chance to pick outGrandfather in the photographs
B.she was told which was the right boybefore she herself could pick him out
C.other children did not agree with her thatGrandfather should have had a beard
D.she found Grandfather in the photographsdid not have a beard
58.When Grandfather said,"I should have been topof the class….",he meant________.
A if he had had more time for studying,hewould have been the best in his class
B.he should have spent more time studyingrather than playing ballgames
C.his school days should not have been so hard and miserable
D.he could have never been the best studenteven if he had studied still harder
59. In the last paragraph the author said,"We all tried hard to imagine…"because________.
A. the figures of the boys in the photographswere small and blurred
B. the children had never experiencedlife like that of Grandfather
C.the photographs Grandfather showed them were brown and faded
D.Grandfather failed to tell them about his childhood in detail
第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
以下是演讲会的资料：
| A．Are you interested in “Dream of the Red Mansion” (Hong Lou Meng)? Listen to a lecture on this classical novel. Venue: National Museum of Chinese Modern Literature (Beijing) Time: 9:30 am Price: free Tel: 010-84615522 |
| B．“Jiaguwen” is among the oldest pictographic characters in the world. How much do you know about it? Get all the answers at this free lecture. Venue: Dongcheng District Library (Beijing) Time: 9:00 am Price: free Tel: 010-64013356 |
| C．Former United Nations interpreter Professor Wang Ruojin speaks about her experiences at the UN and shares her understanding of the cultural differences between East and West. Venue: National Library of China (Beijing) Time: 1:30 pm—4:00 pm Price: free Tel: 010-68488047 |
| D．Qi Baishi, one of China’s greatest modern painters, was also a poet, calligrapher (书法家) and seal-cutter (刻印家). Can you appreciate his works? Then come to spend the time with us. |
Venue: Beijing Art Academy Time: 9:00 am—11:00 am
Price: 10 yuan Tel: 010-65023390
E. It is the year of the Tiger, and you can see “Fu” everywhere. But what is “Fu” and where does it come from? Why do people hang “Fu” character upside down on the door? Get all the answers from this free lecture.
Venue: Capital Library (Beijing) Time: 2:00 pm
Price: free Tel: 010-67358114
F. About 160 cultural relics from Guangdong, Macao and Hong Kong are on display to April 15th. Meanwhile experts will talk about the important roles these three cities have played in the past two thousand years of Sino-Western exchanges.
Venue: Beijing Art Muse
um Time: 2:00 pm—5:00 pm
Price: 20 yuan, students 10 yuan Tel: 010-83659337
以下是想去听演讲的人员的基本信息，请匹配适合他们的演讲内容：
56. Alice is now studying in Beijing University, and she is especially interested in Chinese writing. In her spare time she enjoys drawing, writing poems and is fond of sharing her pieces with her classmates.
57. Simon comes from Egypt. He is now studying in Beijing Art Academy. He shows great interest in Chinese ancient characters. Now he wants to know much about it.
58. Lora and Peter, visiting professors from Australia, are both crazy about Chinese traditional culture. At weekends they like to call on Chinese families to learn about Chinese festivals as well as their history.
59. Edward is a senior student in Beijing Foreign Language University. He likes traveling very much and has made up his mi
nd to work as an interpreter for some joint-venture enterprises (公司).
60. Steve and Mark are both studying in the Chinese Department of China’s Renmin University. They want to do some research on Chinese ancient literature.