TheOxfordMal,EnglandMostprison-优题课

Everywhere you look, large quantities of information in the world are pouring. This data flood is already starting to transform business, government, science and everyday life. It has great potential for good — as long as consumers, companies and governments make the right choices about when to restrict the flow of data, and when to encourage it.
A few industries have led the way in their ability to gather and take advantage of the data. Credit-card companies monitor every purchase and can identify cheats with a high degree of accuracy. Stolen credit cards are more likely to be used to buy hard liquor than wine, for example, because it is easier to overlook. Insurance firms are also good at combining clues to spot doubtful claims: dishonest claims are more likely to be made on a Monday than a Tuesday, since policyholders (保险客户) who stage accidents tend to assemble friends as false witnesses over the weekend. By combining many such rules, it is possible to work out which cards are likeliest to have been stolen, and which claims are untrue. By analyzing “basket data”, supermarkets can make promotions to appeal to particular customers’ preferences. The oil industry uses supercomputers to help them before drilling wells.
But the data flood also poses risks. There are many examples of databases being stolen: disks full of social-security data go missing, laptops loaded with tax records are left in taxis, credit-card numbers are stolen by online purchase. The result can be privacy made public, identity stolen and cheats permitted large space. Rather than owning and controlling their own personal data, they very often find that they have lost control of it.
The best way to deal with the data flood is to make more data available in the right way, by requiring greater transparency in several areas. First, users should be given greater access to and control over the information held about them, including whom it is shared with. Google allows users to see what information it holds about them, and lets them delete their search histories or modify the targeting of advertising, for example. Second, organizations should be required to disclose details of security breaches (安全漏洞), as is already the case in some parts of the world, to encourage bosses to take information security more seriously. Third, organizations should be subject to an annual security check, with the resulting grade made public (though details of any problems exposed would not be). This would encourage companies to keep their security measures up to date.
64. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Information FloodB. Benefits of Data Flood
C. Harms of Data Flood D. How to Use Data in a Right Way
65. From the passage we can infer that _____.
A. lots of data are lost because of hardware problems
B. online purchases are becoming more and more popular
C. credit cards are not so secure to use and will go out of use very soon
D. insurance firms have to investigate before they confirm their policyholders’ claims
66. Which of the following is the writer’s opinion about how to deal with the data flood?
A. Personal information should be used for public benefits.
B. The users should be given the right to access public information.
C. Companies should update their measures to guarantee their data safety.
D. Organizations should keep their resulting grade of security checks unknown to the public.
67. From the passage we can conclude that _____.
A. the data flood makes peoples’ life less convenient and more expensive
B. companies and insurance firms are responsible for the data flood
C. the information flood is more useful to organizations than to individuals
D. the information flood has both positive and negative influence on modern life

Did you get a flu shot this year? For the first time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children ages 6 months through 18 years receive the flu vaccine.
Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. A weakened form of the germ is introduced into the body. The body makes special substances called antibodies to fight the germs. If the actual germs were to attack, the antibodies would fight them.
Because there are many kinds of flu viruses, scientists must create a new vaccine formula (配方) each year. Researchers must make a prediction.
“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine or the measles(麻疹) vaccine,” says Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.
“It’s not a great vaccine, but it is quite a good vaccine.”
But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone. There are certain people who should be careful about taking it. Because the vaccine is produced from eggs, those who are allergic (过敏的) to eggs should not take it. If you have a fever, you should wait until you recover.
Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot. Scientist say that it is not possible, because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated (灭活的). But some minor side effects such as low-grade fever and body aches could occur. If they do, they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.
60. What is an antibody?
A. An antibody is a vaccine formula
B. An antibody is a germ that is introduced into the body
C. An antibody is a vaccine that fights diseases.
D. An antibody is a special substance to fight germs.
61. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Not everyone is suitable for the flu vaccine.
B. The flu vaccine is not so effective as the measles vaccine
C. Flu viruses create new vaccine formulas each year.
D. People can’t take the flu vaccine at anytime.
62. It can be inferred from the text that _____.
A. scientists should change the vaccine formula each year
B. vaccines can battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses
C. all children ages 6 months through 18 years can receive the flu vaccine
D. scientists are responsible for the side effects of the flu vaccine
63. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. The flu vaccine B. Side effects of the flu vaccine
C. How to prevent the flu D. Not everyone can get the flu shot

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer (发动机防盗系统), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.
The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.
In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools, but only if the car is more than ten years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key (汽车等的点火开关).
In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys .And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system. If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal. Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.
56. What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?
A. To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen
B. To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops
C. To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief
D. To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner
57. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed” (Lines1-2,Para.3) Martyn Randall suggests that _____.
A. Self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft
B. the thief has to make use of computer technology
C. it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing
D. the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old
58. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?
A. A GPS satellite positioning receiver
B. A unique ID card
C. A special cellphone
D. A code ignition key
59. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?
A. To give the driver time to contact the operation centre
B. To allow for possible errors in the GPS system
C. To keep police informed of the car’s movements
D. To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm

Sitting in a dark movie theater with your friends and a tub of buttery popcorn sounds like a perfect way to spend a Saturday night—and it could be, if you are willing to share your popcorn with the entire row of moviegoers around you. A review of the nutritional contents of movie-theater popcorn reveals an alarming amount of fat, salt and calories in even the smallest sizes. The study, mad by Dr. Nestle from the Center for Science in the Public Interest, checked popcorn from three movie theater chains and detailed The contents of all parts offered.
A large tub of popcorn at Regal Cinemas, for example, holds 20 cups of popcorn and has 1,200 calories, 980 milligrams of sodium（钠）and 60 grams of saturated（饱和）fat.
Not so hungry? The medium size popcorn, which comes in a bag, contains the same amount as the large. And even the small, at 1l cups, delivers 670 calories 550 milligranis of sodium 24 grams of saturated fat.
The findings may surprise those who choose popcorn at the concession stand（货摊）because they believe it is a relatively healthy snack. In fact, plain air-popped popcorn is low in calories and free of saturated fat. Movie theater popcorn, however, is popcorn, however, is popped in oil — often coconut oil, which is 90 percent saturated fat. Add salt to the enormous portions（部分）,and your once-healthy snack turns into a health killer.
Even the “healthiest” sample of popcorn tested, a small size from AMC containing 6 cups of popcorn, had 370 calories, enough to share with a friend, eating one grain at a time to make it last the length of a movie.
The third movie theater chain tested. Cinemark, is slightly better than its competitors because it pops its popcorn in non-hydrogenated canola oil instead of coconut oil. Cinemark’s large tub contains 17 cups of popcorn with 910 calories and 4 grams of saturated fat, as well as up to 1,500 milligrams of sodium — nearly enough for the entire day.
One way to make your popcorn healthier? Ask the theater to pop a portion without salt. Two of the movie theaters that had their popcorn tested said they would oblige such a request. The best way to make your movie snack healthier, however, would be to skip the popcorn — and the concession stand — altogether.
“You could share a tub of popcorn with 10 friends.” Dr. Nestle said. “Or, what a concept, watch the movie without eating anything.”
72．The underlined word in the passage can be replaced by “__________”.
A．refuse B．agree C．meet D．oppose
73．From the passage, we can learn that__________.
A．popcorn with much salt will be healthier
B．plain air-popped popcorn has no saturated fat at all
C．popcorn from Regal cinemas contains the least unhealthy substances
D．only the three movie theatre chains provide popcorn for the moviegoers
72．While you are watching the movie, __________is the best way to keep you healthy.
A．to eat nothing at all
B．to choose plain air-popped popcorn
C．to share a large tub of popcorn with your 10 friends
D．to buy popcorn popcorn popped in non-hydrogenated canola oil
75．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Bad Eating Habit B．Popular Food
C．Movie Theater Food D．Popcorn’s Dark Secret

Children like to imagine they are someone else in a game. As a
parent you might never guess all the way a good imagination benefits
your child. It helps a preschooler：
Develop social skills
As children play pretend games, they explore relationship
between family members, friends and co-workers and learn more about how people communicate. Playing doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Playing house, they learn more about how parents feel about their children. Imaginative play help develop sympathy for others. If children can imagine how it feels to be left out of a game or to lose a pet, they are better able to help those in need. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate.
Build self-confidence
Young children have very little control over their lives. Imagining oneself as builder of skyscrapers or a superhero defending the planet is inspiring to a child. It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential.
Boost intellectual growth
Using the imagination is the beginning of abstract thought. Children who can see a king’s castle in a pile of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically. This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numbers symbolize groups of objects, letters symbolize sounds, and so on.
Practice language skills
Kids who play pretend with their friends do a lot of talking. This helps increase their vocabulary, Kids who play pretend with their friends do a lot of talking. This helps increase their vocabulary, improve sentence structures and develop communication skills.
Work out fears
Playing pretend can help children work Out their fears and worries. When children role-play about the big, bad monster under the bed, they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn’t seem quite so big or so bad. Imaginative play also helps kids vent（发泄）confusing feelings they might have, such as anger toward a parent or rivalry（较劲）with a new brother or sister.
68. Which of the following can help children develop social skills in a game?
A. Imagining being a superhero. B. Preparing a delicious dinner with mud.
C. Pretending to have a talk with friends. D. Pretending to be a doctor.
69．Why can imagination build children’s self-confidence?
A．It makes them more willing to play fair.
B．It helps them gain control over themselves.
C．It helps them protect people and make much greater progress.
D．It makes them feel as if they were much more powerful than they really are.
70．Which of the following is NOT true according to the progress.
A．Playing pretend games only helps children psychologically.
B．Playing pretend games is good for children’s development.
C．While playing pretend games, children learn to get along with others.
D．Playing pretend games helps children to do well while they are in school.
71．The passage mainly tells us something about__________.
A．advantages of playing outdoors
B．skills in playing pretend games
C．benefits of developing your child’s imagination
D．tips on how to improve our child’s imagination

A．it is underwater	B．you decide the pay
C．it used to be a prison	D．it is not in Europe

A．Jules’ Undersea Lodge, United States	B．La Balade Des Gnomes, Belgium
C．Das Park Hotel, Austria	D．The Oxford Mal, England