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Friendship is one of the basic bonds (纽带) between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.
  Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft (失去). If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate(清楚表达) their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.
  “No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.
  As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts (性格外向者) enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts(性格内向者)are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.
  Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy (密切) is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity(相互性), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
The second paragraph implies that _____..

A.teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems
B.a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship
C.human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging
D.both A and B

The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on _____ .

A.age B.belonging C.personality D.culture

The author thinks that close friends _____ .

A.can be easily formed when one is young
B.cannot be long-lasting
C.are not rare for everyone
D.are rare for most people

The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means _____ .

A.not respecting B.dishonoring C.regardless D.Considering
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When Julia Rhodes is asked what she does for a living,she says she is a “wind farmer”.While her job is operation manager for wind farm owner RES-Gen:Rhodes is responsible for making sure their l4 wind farms in the UK and Ireland are using the power of the wind to produce power for homes and businesses.
RES-Gen is a division of leading renewable energy group Renewable Energy Systems(RES),a UK-based company with global operations. RES was one of the pioneers of wind energy technology.It built the UK’s second wind farm in l992.Since then:RES has built more than 40 wind farms across four continents.
Rhodes graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in manufacturing engineering. Following that,she received a master's degree in renewable energy systems technology specializing in wind energy. Rhodes has worked in the wind sector ever since, providing technical support for two leading wind farm developers before joining RES in 2001.
RES’s projects are continually monitored by computer and checked remotely on a daily basis.Regular servicing is carried out by contractors(承包者),usually every six months. Rhodes always has a top—level view of how well the wind turbines(涡轮)are operating.
Rhodes is a supporter of wind—energy engineering.She also works closely with other departments to keep good relations with the communities around RES’s wind farms.The open days and government officials’ visits show that wind power is popular and that wind projects-are viewed positively.
Renewable energy is a growing sector with attractive career prospects. For Rhodes.as the RES wind farms expand,the team that she manages is expected to increase.She enjoys working for a company with strong engineering roots and a highly respected track record(业绩).Her job as a wind farmer is challenging and enjoyable.“It's great knowing that you are helping to bring about a clean.environment and are contributing to the global community.”
What’s the text mainly about?

A.Julia Rhodes and her work. B.Why Julia Rhodes works in RES.
C.The importance of renewable energy. D.How出e wind can produce Dower.

What can we know about Julia Rhodes?

A.She once worked as a farmer to make a living.
B.She has worked in RES ever since graduation.
C.She likes her job as a wind farmer very much.
D.She is in charge of forty wind farms in the UK.

What can we learn about RES from the text?

A.It built the UK's first wind farm in 2001.
B.It plays a leading role in the wind sector.
C.It is an important branch of RES—Gen.
D.It provides regular servicing for its contractors.

Which of the following is NOT true?

A.RES is financially supported by the British government.
B.Wind farms receive a warm welcome around the UK.
C.RES has developed at a high speed during recent years.
D.Rhodes thinks people should create a clean environment.

Dear All,
Happy New Year! A list of important dates for this term is attached to this letter.
Interviews for our April and September Primary One classes will take place on Tuesday and Wednesday,18th&19th January.Now is the time to apply for admission to Peak School.
Children are expected to weal their uniforms this term.As is usual at this time of the year,mornings at the school are quite cold and l would suggest children wear their sweaters to school.As the temperature goes up during the day,children tend to take off their outer clothes,so it is important that all sweatshirts are labeled(贴有标签).
I have received a few requests from parents asking if their children can wear summer uniforms this term.I am of the view that all children in the school should follow the school policy and be dressed in the appropriate uniforms.In the longer term,a number of US at school have questioned the need to have a winter and summer uniform.Perhaps.with careful consideration,we can develop a uniform that will serve children for the whole academic year.
As the foggy(多雾)mornings start to appear,a number of parents have raised concerns over the safety of those children who walk to school. Our dark green uniforms are not particularly visible to motorists.Hopefully, the “Uniform Committee” to be set up this term will deal with this particular issue.I will keep parents informed of the channels through which views may be expressed in future newsletters.
We still have a “No Hat,No Play” rule on the playground,so children need to ensure that they have their sunhats in school at all times.
Yours sincerely,
P D Tunesi
Principal
The letter was most probably written

A.when the school year ended
B.before the new term started
C.after kids were admitted to school
D.after kids were interviewed

This letter was mainly written to

A.teachers B.visitors C.students D.parents

What do we know about the present school uniforms?

A.The school has solved the problems.
B.They are invisible to motorists on foggy days.
C.The school is considering changing them.
D.There is a winter and summer school uniform.

We can infer from the text that

A.the school has strict rules on uniforms
B.kids can’t have classes without wearing hats
C.parents are satisfied with the uniforms
D.most kids walk to school on foggy mornings

Windsurfing is a sport that combines sailing and surfing.In 1948,twenty-year-old Newman Darby first thought of using a handheld sail to contro1 a small boat.Darby did not apply for a patent(专利)for his design at first.However,he is recognized as the inventor of the first sailboard.
Californians Jim Drake,a sailor and engineer,and Hoyle Schweitzer,a surfer and skier received the patent for a sailboard.They called their design a windsurfer.The early windsurfer boards measured 3.5 meters long and weighed 60 pounds.Later in the l980s,Newman Darby did apply for and receive a design patent for a one—person sailboat.
In the late l940s,Newman Darby found he could control a 3-meter-long sailboat and make turns even without a rudder(舵).In l964 he designed the first universal joint(万向接头)to go along with a flat bottom sailing boat.This sailboard was equipped with a universal joint,a board and a kite—shaped free sail and thus windsurfing was born.
Naomi Darby,Newman’s wife,was the first woman windsurfer and helped her husband build and design the first sailboard.She sailed while standing up,controlling the boat without the use of a rudder.She tilted(倾斜)the sail to change directions.This was something that had never been done before.
Hoyle Schweitzer began producing sailboards in the early 1970s.The sport became very popular in Europe.By the late 1970s,windsurfing fever had Europe firmly in its grasp with one in every three families having a sailboard.
The first windsurfing world championship was held in 1973.Windsurfing first became an Olympic sport for men in l984 and for women in l992.
Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer received the patent for the design of

A.a sailboard called windsurfer B.a kite—shaped free sail
C.the first universal joint D.a one—person sailboat

What can we learn from the text?

A.Hoyle Schweitzer was a sailor and Jim Drake was a surfer.
B.Newman Darby’s wife supported him in his invention.
C.Newman Darby was the first to tilt the sail to change directions.
D.The first world windsurfing competition was held in the late l970s.

Which is the correct order of the following events?
a.Newman Darby thought of controlling a boat with a handheld sail.
b.Newman Darby received his design patent.
c.Windsurfing became popular in Europe.
d.Windsurfing became an Olympic sport for women.

A.acbd B.abcd C.acdb D.bacd

What is the main idea of the text?

A.The invention of windsurfing. B.How windsurfing was popular in the world.
C.The history of windsurfing. D.How windsurfing became an Olympic sport.

Ten years ago,Morgan Zuch,a two—year—old girl from Long Island,New York,was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病).The day that Morgan’s father Rod knew it,he made a promise,“If my daughter gets better,I will devote the rest of my life to helping others who are in the Same condition.”
Fortunately.Morgan recovered gradually,and since then,Rod and his wife Nancy,have been helping other families with cancer.stricken children through the Morgan Center.It is the country’s first preschool for children with cancer.
Because of the risk of germs, children with cancer are usually forbidden from playing with other kids.They must spend their days in hospital rooms or lying in bed at home.The Zuchs believed that children with cancer should have the opportunity to play,too.
The center offers the kids and their families a safe place to connect with others who have the same problem.To reduce the risk of infections,the center's staff wash their own and the children's hands frequently,and provide each child with his or her own toys and supplies.
“You feel like you’re not the sick kid’s mom,”said one child’s mother,Maura Lewinger.“It is nice because none of the parents at the center are alienated(孤立的).”
The Zuchs run the center as a non-profit organization and any family can bring their children to the center for free.Nancy Zuch works as the head teacher-with a little help from her daughter Morgan, now l2 years old.Today,Morgan is strong and healthy,and loves to provide support for the children who are going through the difficult time that she once went through.She says she wants to be a teacher at the Morgan Center when she grows up.
The Zuchs created the Morgan Center

A.to help their daughter to realize her dream
B.to invite other children to play with their daughter
C.to build a school for their daughter and her friends
D.to provide a healthy place for children with cancer

What can we learn from the text?

A.The kids can share all their toys there.
B.The kids can receive free medical care.
C.The kids have to keep their hands clean.
D.The kids’ parents must pay for the supplies.

Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Morgan has regained her health.
B.The Center is run by the government.
C.Morgan helps in the Center sometimes.
D.Both kids and parents like the Center.

This text is mainly about

A.Long Island’s first preschool for kids with cancer
B.the pain that the kids in the Morgan Center suffer
C.the contributions Morgan has made to the Center
D.the Zuchs,the creators of the Morgan Center

When you are curious about something, and want to know more about it, you can use the way of asking questions. Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers. The steps below can guide you during the research.

Step 1 On a note card or piece of paper, write down the subject that you are interested in. Just get the main idea down. For example, you might write:

Discover more about dinosaurs.

Step 2 Next, stop and think for a moment about what you already know about your subject. List what you already know like the sentences below:

1. Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared.
2. Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 million years.
3. Some dinosaurs fed on plants, some on meat.

Step 3 What can you do with what you want to learn? By asking questions. On your paper, start writing down questions about the dinosaurs as you think of them:

1. What’s the best weather for dinosaurs to live in?
2. How many kinds of dinosaurs are there?
3. Have dinosaurs really disappeared?

Step 4 Armed with your list of questions, you can now go to the nearest library or computer to begin your research. As you learn more about your subject, you’ll probably discover some new questions.

For example, you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Why? What happened? Asking new questions can help you research your subject more widely.
The next time you find something interesting to research, take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions. And remember—learning more always bring more questions.
When you do some research, you should take the following steps: .
①list what you want to know②choose a research subject
③list what you already know④discover new problems

A.①④③② B.②③①④ C.③②④① D.④③①②

What does the underlined sentence “Armed with your list of questions” mean?

A.Putting your list of questions under your arm.
B.Discussing your questions with your classmates.
C.Writing down your list of questions.
D.Taking your list of questions with you.

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A.You can find all the answers online.
B.Learn more, and you’ll have no questions.
C.During the research, you may keep finding new questions.
D.Asking questions is the only way for research.

. The best title for this passage is.

A.Discovering Dinosaurs B.Asking Good Questions
C.Finding Subjects D.Having Interesting Answers

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