LONDON (Reuters)—New faces given to a Chinese man after a bear tore off part of his face and a FrenchCaribbean man disfigured by a rare tumor show that such transplants can work and are not medical oddities (怪异)，researchers said.
The findings give hope to some people with severe facial disfigurement and suggest the transplants could prove longlasting without major problems.Despite the tissue rejection in the first year after their transplants，neither men had psychological problems accepting their new faces and have been able to rejoin society，they reported.
Only three people have received face transplants.The world’s first was carried out on French woman Isabelle Dinoire in November 2005 after she was disfigured in an attack by her dog.In 2007，her doctors reported that she had recovered slowly and steadily，overcoming two periods of rejection.
In 2006，Chinese doctors performed a face transplant on a 30yearold hit by a bear.While there were some complications with tissue rejection following the operation，two years later the man was doing well，his doctors said.“This case suggests that facial transplantation might be an option for restoring a severely disfigured face，and could enable patients to bring themselves back into society，” Shuzhong Guo and colleagues at Xijing Hospital in China wrote.
A French team described their work on a 29yearold man who suffered from Von Recklinghausen disease，an illness that changes the shape of his face.“The man，who was not named，was given a new nose，mouth and chin in a 2007 operation.He began to work 13 months after the transplant has more function in his face and has not rejected the new tissue，” his doctors said.
“Our case confirms that face transplantation is practical and effective for the correction of specific disfigurement，” Dr.Laurent Lantieri and colleagues at the HenriMondor hospital outside Paris wrote.What’s the main idea of this passage?
| A．Face transplants can work. |
| B．Face transplants help regain confidence. |
| C．Three people have received face transplants. |
| D．Disfigured people need face transplants. |
What happened to the Chinese patient mentioned in the passage?
| A．He got a strange illness when he was young. |
| B．He received several operations in hospital. |
| C．He was the first person to receive a face transplant. |
| D．He was once attacked by an animal. |
From the passage we can learn that ________.
| A．doctors have different opinions on facial disfigurement |
| B．patients could regain selfconfidence after face transplants |
| C．the new face of every patient has more functions than expected |
| D．it is easy for disabled people to be accepted by society |
The underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
| A．removing | B．recovering |
| C．repairing | D．rejecting |
What problem resulted from the facial operations?
| A．The patients wouldn’t accept the facial change. |
| B．It was hard for the patients to get along with others. |
| C．It took some time for the patients to recover from the operation. |
| D．The patients usually suffered from tissue rejection. |
Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. Very soon it spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to background music.
To begin with, background music was intended simply to create a soothing (舒适的) atmosphere. Recently, however, it's becoming a big business. An American marketing expert has shown that music can boost(提升) sales or increase factory production by as much as a third.
But it has to be the light music. Lively music has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts(收入) by 34%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they would like to buy. Yet, slow music isn't always the answer. The expert found that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurant owners might be well advised to play faster music to keep the customers moving-unless, of course, the resulting indigestion(消化不良) leads to complaints.Background music was first used ________.
| A．in the cinemas and theatres in the USA |
| B．in the offices and hospitals in the USA |
| C．in the schools and churches in the USA |
| D．in the factories, shops and restaurants in the USA |
An American marketing expert has found background music can __________.
| A．increase sales or factory production |
| B．create a soothing atmosphere |
| C．make people slow down |
| D．make people forget their worries |
Slow music is useless in ________ in increasing sales.
| A．shops |
| B．restaurants |
| C．factories |
| D．cinemas |
Restaurant owners are advised to play ________ to increase overall sales.
| A．lively music |
| B．loud music |
| C．slower music |
| D．faster music |
People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it. People's understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is closely related to another term-quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.
Why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.________ leads to people's deeper understanding of health.
| A．Common knowledge |
| B．Progress in scientific research |
| C．Better conditions of living |
| D．Quality of life |
The emphasis of health has shifted nowadays because _________.
| A．people enjoy better conditions of living and they can live longer |
| B．people pay more attention to their physical health, not their mental health |
| C．people have realized the importance of mental well-being |
| D．people are inspired by medical advances |
We can infer from the passage __________.
| A．nowadays the emphasis of health has a broader focus because of improvements in the quality of food |
| B．the overall quality of people's lives improved greatly in the 20th century |
| C．those who never fall ill are the truly healthy people |
| D．those who were born before 1900 could not have lived until now |
This passage is mainly about __________.
| A．different understandings of the term "health" |
| B．improving the quality of life |
| C．the importance of quality living |
| D．people's expectations of a long and healthy life |
Anyone who ever wondered why a dying plant, say, a freshly-cut red rose may appeal to a lady friend, might take some comfort in science, which once again offers us a reasonable answer to one of the world’ s great mysteries.
Beyond a common preference in people for blue, “the long history of color preference studies has been described as ‘confusing and contradictory,” write scientists Anya Hurlbert and Yazhu Ling of England’ s Newcastle University, authors of a new study in the journal Current Biology. “This fact is perhaps surprising,” they said, “though the popularity of the concept that little girls differ from boys in preferring pink.”.
But the scientists believe they have an answer to this scientific mystery, discovering women’s preference for red, hidden above the average liking for blue.
In their study, the pair quickly flashed color cards, displaying many different aspects, at 208 volunteers, mostly Britishers but with a number of Han Chinese, who moved to the United Kingdom recently. Tested in three different experiments, the researchers found out a small but significant preference for reddish colors in the female volunteers.
Puzzled, the authors realized that most of the difference between men and women came in the form of a preference for green VS red in the color cards, regardless of the other slight differences such as the slightly blue ones that everyone liked. Why might this be?
Evolution might offer an answer, they reason. Human color perception（感知）, the assessment of three separate color types-red-green-blue-in our vision is a relatively recent addition to our line of mammals.
Adding weight to their argument, they found the women who are most typically feminine（女性的）on a psychological survey also had the biggest preference for reddish colors. “My love is like a red, red rose,” wrote the Scottish poet Rober Burns in 1794.The scientists discovered the colour mystery that exists between men and women by _____..
| A．giving examples | B．doing experiments. |
| C．stating causes and effects | D．interviewing volunteers. |
The word “pair” in Para.4 refers to _____.
| A．man and woman | B．science and evolution . |
| C．Anya Hurlbert and Yazhu Ling | D．red and green |
According to the study the scientists have carried out in the passage, _____.
| A．men like blue most. |
| B．women have preference for red besides blue. |
| C．generally speaking boys prefer slight pink to blue. |
| D．girls also love slight green. |
Dickson Despommier, a public health professor at Columbia University in New York City developed an idea with his students nine years ago. They imagined people in cities growing crops inside a tall building. Tomatoes could grow on one floor of the skyscraper(摩天大楼), potatoes on the next, small animals and fish on the floor above.
This vertical(垂直的) farm, or "farmscraper", could have space for restaurants and other places that serve food, like schools or hospitals. They could serve foods that are truly locally grown.
But why would anyone want to build a farm indoors in a city? Dickson Despommier believes it will become necessary. The world needs to find places to produce enough food to feed the growing population. Space, he says, is an all-important issue.
The professor also points to the problems of traditional farms. They use a lot of freshwater. Their fertilizer and animal waste can pollute water resources. And their growing seasons can be limited.
But inside the vertical farm, crops could grow all year. And there would be no wind to blow away soil. Farmers would not have to worry about too much or too little rain, or about hot summers, freezing winters or insects. And without insects there would be no need for chemicals to kill them.
Farm machines that .use fossil fuels, like tractors, would not be needed either. And water could be recycled for drinking. "The vertical farm reuses everything, so there is no waste," says Professor Despommier.
Even buildings could be saved. Old buildings could become new farms and provide jobs.
The professor has been actively proposing the idea to cities as far away as Dubai and Canada. But so far it exists only in plans and drawings, and a model at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.
Critics say building a farmscraper would cost too much, especially considering the price of land in many cities. Dickson Despommier estimates the cost at about twenty to thirty million dollars.
But he says the building would not have to be very tall. And his graduate students have found many empty lots and unused buildings in New York City that could provide space.According to the passage the purpose of proposing the idea of a farm scraper is to .
| A．find places to produce enough food |
| B．serve food that are truly locally grown |
| C．prevent polluting the limited land |
| D．save fresh water |
Which is one of the advantages of a farm scraper?
| A．It costs less |
| B．It saves labor power. |
| C．It consumes too much energy |
| D．It is more environmentally friendly. |
Those against the idea of farm scrapers argue that
| A．it uses too much land in cities |
| B．it costs too much to build one |
| C．it causes people to lose their jobs |
| D．it exists only in unrealistic plans |
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．A vertical farm has been built in Chicago. |
| B．Old buildings could be changed into new farms. |
| C．Traditional farms use less water but pollute more water |
| D．There are some vertical farms being put into use in Canada. |
I love it at night. It’s peaceful. And when it cools down I sometimes do some ironing. I don’t really care for it. I work full-time and too busy for most housework. I remember the old woman who taught me to iron. I was about 15 and somehow got a live-in job taking care of a woman who had been an able-bodied, healthy woman until the accident that caused her to be paralyzed（瘫痪）.
The woman had an electric wheelchair. She could move her head and arms but not her hands or fingers. She had this clamp（夹子）attached to her arm and I’d have to open it and put a cup or a pencil in it and then she could move it. She would tell me how to do things. She would instruct me in great detail on the correct way to do things. Her home was perfect and beautiful. She would follow me around in her electric wheelchair to make sure I did everything exactly right. I’m sure she had been a perfect homemaker. She would have me fold everything, including socks and pillow cases. I would complain silently and wish terrible things on her. She taught me the right way to make the bed and tuck （塞）the corners. I know sometimes she’d get frustrated and impatient with me. I knew she wanted to grab it and do it herself. But she never yelled or scolded. Only insisted I do it right. I didn’t like it much, but I did it.
Today I can iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt, the right way to do the collar and sleeves. Now that I think about it, I don’t think she is an old lady. I think she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned. From the passage we can infer that the writer of the passage now is ________.
| A．a housewife | B．a full-time worker |
| C．a clothes maker | D．a college student |
The writer used to take care of the lady because ______.
| A．she wanted to learn how to do housework |
| B．she was a relative of the disabled woman |
| C．she wanted to earn some money while sleeping and eating there |
| D．she had to do something in return to the lady for her kindness |
When the lady taught the writer how to do housework, the little girl was ______.
| A．eager to learn | B．unwilling to learn |
| C．forced to learn | D．careful to learn |
What’s the writer’s attitude towards the lady now?
| A．Sympathetic | B．Fearful | C．Hateful | D．Grateful |