What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?
_____71____ Actually, there are different technologies which can be used for other purpose besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to talking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies are usually performed; recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning.
___72_____
Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. ___73_____ Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. ____74____
Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. ____75____ Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.
| A．What animals have been cloned? |
| B．All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology |
| C．When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. |
| D．Recently Chinese scientists have also successfully cloned mammals such as an ox. |
E. Cloning is making a genetic copy of something else.
F. Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys, chickens, horses, and dogs, have been unsuccessful.
G. Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells.
___ When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view.
The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.___.
The first and most basic level of wants involves food.Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears：clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War Ⅱthese wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans.____It included such items as automobiles and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “lifeenriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment. ___
On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. __In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
| A．Then a third level appeared. |
| B．Human wants seem endless. |
| C．When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants，another level appears. |
| D．There are several levels of wants in one’s life. |
E．At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health，safety, and leisure.
F．Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.
G．Different people have different wants on each level.
Make sure the respondent has enough information
Remember your survey’s purpose
Keep your questions simple
Include only one topic per question
If in doubt, throw it out
Avoid leading questions
Write more effective survey questions
Naturally, no question is “good” in all situations, but there are some general rules to follow. Using these rules and examples will help you write useful questions._______________
All other rules and guidelines are based on this one. There was a reason you decided to spend your time and money to do your survey, and you should ensure that every question you ask supports that reason. If you start to get lost while writing your questions, refer back to this rule._______________
This is another way of stating the first rule, but it is important enough to repeat. A question should never be included in a survey because you can’t think of a good reason to discard it. If you cannot come up with a concrete benefit that will result from the question, don’t use it.________________
Compound sentences force respondents to keep a lot of information in their heads, and are likely to produce unpredictable results. Example: “Imagine a situation where the production supervisor is away from the line, a series of defective parts is being manufactured, and you just heard that a new client requires ten thousand of these parts in order to make their production schedule. How empowered do you feel by your organization to stop the line and make the repairs to the manufacturing equipment?” This question is too complex for a clear, usable answer. Try breaking it down into components parts._______________
How would you interpret the responses to “Please rate your satisfaction with the amount and kind of care you received while in the hospital.” or, a question asking about speed and accuracy? If you want to be able to come up with specific recommended actions, you need specific questions.________________
Asking respondents “How effective has this company’s new distribution program been?” may not be as effective as “Recently, we used a new distribution system. Did you know this?” Followed by “Have you seen any positive benefits resulting from this change?” It can be beneficial to break down questions that require background information into two parts: a screening item describing the situation which asks if the respondent knows about it, and a follow-up question addressing attitudes the respondent has about the topic.
根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余选项。
| A. Try to eat much more to keep health. B. Healthy eating makes teenagers look good. C. Healthy eating makes teenagers full of energy. D. Healthy eating keeps teenagers in a good mood. E. Healthy eating helps teenagers keep proper weight. F. Healthy eating ensures teenagers necessary nutrients. |
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There can be many benefits of healthy eating for teenagers to eat proper well-balanced meals each day. Weight is often a sensitive issue for teens. At this point in their lives they become conscious of their self-appearance and fads (风尚) can make them want to look as good as possible. In order to cope with things like this many teens turn to dieting, thinking that it will give them a better body. The truth is that dieting will only deprive the body of the needed nutrients during these growth years. Healthy eating for teenagers on the other hand will help maintain a healthier weight..
Eating the right foods means that your teen’s body receives all the vitamins and nutrients it needs. During the teenager years the body tends to absorb more calcium, iron and other vitamins and minerals than usual. By providing what the body of your teen needs it will be easier for it to reach its full physical potential for growth.
【 小题3】
Teenagers often have a lot of extracurricular activities — sports, drama or just hanging out with friends. Without the proper nutrition, your teen will easily get drained and feel tired leaving him or her slow and without any more energy to do anything. The body will need calories to burn to burn in order to create energy. So eating healthy is a must if you want your teen to cope with everyday activities..
Notice how your teenager can be so moody at times? Studies show that healthy eating can help reduce mood swings and bring about a more pleasant disposition (性情). The food that your teen eats can affect the chemical composition within the brain. This happens since food can affect the production and release of neurotransmitters (神经传递素) to the brain. Carbohydrates can help with stress reduction while a lack of selenium in the body which is found in nuts can lead to bad moods..
Have you ever heard of the saying that you are what you eat? By having them eat healthily they will have healthier bodies. This may include better skin, healthier teeth, hair and a better body in general. Having a teenager who looks good can really help boost their self-confidence and self-esteem.
阅读下列材料，然后从所给的五个选项（A、B、C、D和E）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑，选项中有一项是多余选项。
| A. Build Your Kids’ Work Skills B. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities C. Help Kids Develop Strategies of dealing with different things D. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are E. Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility |
How Can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, which parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.” _________You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Regularly review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or cooperating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
Set a Good Example for Your Kids
Kids need a range of real role models. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good. _______Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice developing effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities(优先).
_________Playing video games encourages immediate content（满足）. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the songs for a long time encourages kids to stay inside instead of participating in other outdoor activities. All these activities can prevent the growth of children’s communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained (持续的) concentration they will need for most jobs.
_________They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
根据短文内容，从下框的A---F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。 选项中有一项为多余选项。[来
A. Trust is vital in relationships
B. Show great respect for others
C. Share feelings to understand each other better
D. Try to always have new relationship
E. Good teen relationship helps to solve problems
F. Communicate to avoid future problems
In the event that you are currently in a teen relationship, harmonious teen relationship can prevent you from experiencing problems within our relationship, and it may also help you to move past any problems that you may already have. Check out the complete article to learn what teen relationship may do for you.
During the time that you are in your teens, it can be a tremendously exciting and passionate time for individual, and at anytime that you are in a relationship during your teens, it is very important that you show the maximum level of respect, both for your partner and yourself. The interactions and actions within relationships at this particular age may leave lasting impressions on all of your relationship for many years to come, so why don’t you make all of them good impressions?
Within these early relationships, when mistrust is present, it may easily lead to really severe issues with trust in relationships once you get a little older. It is very important for you to prove to your significant other (重要的人) that you are trustworthy of them.
Whether you like it or not, there are some teenagers that simply don't take their relationships as seriously as they are going to once they get older, In the end, this may lead to several problems, of which cheating is the most common problem. When you have someone cheat on you, it is among the most painful things that may happen within your life, and it is particularly hard to get over it if it happens at a young age. In order to prevent this, when you are with someone, you should take a moment to talk about each other's expectations.
Each of the relationships that you go through during your teens may be among the most intense that you will ever encounter within your whole life. It may also feel like when something happens it is going to feel like the world is coming to and end, but it really isn't going to be. Chances are that you are going to move on from the situations that happen and meet many new individuals and have some new relationships, and they are going to be just as exciting and new as the relationship that you have been experiencing currently.