Seth DeBolt is a plant scientist at the University of Kentucky US. He and other scientists wanted to find a source of fuel that poor people in rural areas of developing countries could use to make electricity.
The United Nations Development Program says a billion and a half people have no electricity. A billion others have an undependable supply.
Professor DeBolt went on a study trip to rural Indonesia. He saw that there was very little waste in the use of agricultural products. Everything that farmers grew was used for something. Even the remains of fruit that people did not eat were fed to chickens.
Little waste meant there was little that could be used for fuel. Growing a separate fuel crop would take land away from food crops. That was something Professor DeBolt did not want to do.
DeBOLT said, "The people at most risk with respect to energy poverty, typically they're the same people who have food insecurity issues as it is. And then any change in availability would be most damaging to that group of people."
But he found one item that was in plentiful supply and would not create competition between food and fuel. Coconut shells are generally thrown out. Yet Professor DeBolt says it has an "excellent" heating value. All someone needs is a way to release that energy.
DeBolt says he and his team see possibilities for coconut power. "Coconuts are growing here and these are the areas where there is possibility for energy poverty to be eased at least in part by these small-scale production systems."
The researchers say these systems could provide as much as thirteen percent of the energy needs of a country like Indonesia. Other tropical countries with large crops of coconuts and similar fruit could benefit, as well.
But DeBolt says this is not a perfect solution. There are technical questions, like how to safely deal with the dangerous waste produced in the process. And there needs to be money to get these projects started.Professor DeBolt went on a study trip to rural areas of developing countries to .
| A．help farmers make full use of waste |
| B．seek certain materials to make electricity |
| C．persuade farmers to grow more coconuts |
| D．find a suitable place to carry out the experiment |
DeBolt thought it was not a good idea to grow fuel crops because .
| A．there are plenty of coconuts |
| B．local farmers have no interest in it |
| C．it would make food problems worse |
| D．fuel crop has little use for local farmers |
The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that coconut power .
| A．needs further experiments and efforts |
| B．can help solve energy problem perfectly |
| C．will cause technique and money problems |
| D．has drawn Indonesia's government attention |
What might be the best title for the passage?
| A．Make Full Use Of Coconuts | B．Make Power From Coconuts |
| C．A Perfect Solution | D．Food And Energy Problems |
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions (观念) of male superiority are hard to maintain.
The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases 一 we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess (重新确定) the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of“Momism”一 but we don't want to exchange it for a “neopopism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits 一 nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant(不相关的 ) to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own way for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism (权力主义 ) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (有关系的 ) not only to a healthy democracy (民主 ) but also to a healthy family.
73. Sharing the tasks and decisions in the home leads to
A. A masculine (男子气的) womenB. inequality C. effeminate men D. further sharing
74. The danger in the sharing of the household tasks by the mother and father is that __
A. the role of the father may become an inferior (次要的) one
B. the role of the mother may become an inferior one
C. the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes
D. the father will be less capable in his profession
75. The author states that bringing up children
A. is primarily the mother' s jobB. belongs among the duties of the father
C. belongs to the one who is free more oftenD. involves partnership of equals
Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs of symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.
The means of sending communications are too numberous and varied for systematic classification, therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communicatio isachievedbyourenses.Sight,hearing,andtouch play the most important roles. Smell and taste paly very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols
Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry (模仿). Although both frequently ac- company speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb per- sons. Another means of communication visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags and flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of handstriking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.
The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.
64. The author explains he will deal with reception of communication first because
A. communication actually takes place when the message is received
B. there are more means of receiving than of sending cmmunication
C.reception of communications involves use of the senses
D.it is difficult to organize by type the means of sending communication
65. Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through a system of
A. gesturing B. handshakingC. backslapping D. handstriking
66. A form of visual communication often used with a type of auditory communicati
A. gesturing B. handshaking C. backslapping D. handstriking
67. The author specifically mentions that speech is
A. often used when communication by touch
B. necessary for satisfactory communication by gesture
C. the only highly developed system of communication
D.the most developed form of communication based on hearing
68.Which of the following statements about communication by touch is true?
A. Touch is less important than taste as a means of communication.
B. There is no well-developed system of communication based on touch.
C. It is possible to communicate intelligently by touch alone.
D. Touch must accompany visual communication.
第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Harvard University is on the both sides of the Charles River. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States was founded in 1636. In 1638 it was named for John Harvard, its first founder. During the 1640s the college was enlarged although it was short of money. Meant to be an institution for the educatiou of Puritan ministers (清教牧师), it grew to be an institution of general education, and new and more subjects and policies (政策) were introduced. In the 18th century, particularly under John Leverett, the number of the students and campus equipment increased while the religious (宗教的) color decreased. In its early years, the college was largely supported by the English colony and the New England community as a whole, but support soon came in the form of gifts, and in 1823 the state money was received for the last time. Under Charles W. Eliot, the college became a great modem university. Its basic courses improved and enlarged, the graduate school was set up for those who finished their four-year undergraduate study, and the law and medical schools were reorganized. Eliot is also famous for his introduction of the elective system at Harvard. Besides Harvard College, the university includes schools of divinity (1816), law (1817), arts and science (1872), education (1920), engineering (1935), reorganization of Lawrence Science School of 1847, public administration (1935). Harvard also has schools of business administration (1908), medicine (1782), public health (1922), and dental health ( 1941 ). Radcliffe College for women is connected with Harvard; its students are taught by Harvard professors and receive diplomas given by Harvard. The university library, among the nation's finest houses over 8 mil- lion volumes, and the Fogg Museum of Art is one of the finest university museums in the world. Harvard is closely connected with a large number of research institutions as well.
56. Harvard University
A. has a history of more than 450 years
B. was enlarged in the middle of the 17th century
C. was first meant to be an institution for general education since its foundation
D. was founded by John Leverett
57. One of John Leverett's greatest contributions to Harvard University is most probably that
A. he set up Harvard University
B. he freed Harvard University from the support of the state
C. he made Harvard a Puritan university
D. he helped develop general education in Harvard University
58. Which of the following statements might NOT be true about Charles W. Eliot?
A. Under his leadership, Harvard University became a modern university.
B. He introduced the elective system at Harvard University.
C. He improved and enlarged Harvard University, making it a modern university.
D. He tried hard to reduce the religious colour of Harvard University.
59. Which of the following statements is true about Harvard University according to the passage?
A. Harvard is a large and modern university with a long history.
B. Harvard has the world's finest library with its 8 million of books.
C. Harvard University has the nation's best art museum.
D. Radcliffe College for men is one of the schools of Harvard University.
How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US.
For some parents, the Interact can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated. “Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they can' t be allowed to surf the Internet, we' re cutting them off from their future.”said an expert.
Most kids have started to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. The most popular way would be to use what is known as a “content screener”. But this can't be wholly reliable (可靠), and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.
A few other tips:
—Don't put the PC in a child's room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.
—Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make online.
—Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.
And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them any- thing, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.
69. What is the main subject about the passage?
A. Opposing children's on-line. B. Internet in America.
C. American children going on-line. D. Appreciating the Internet.
70. What is the best way to protect children from improper material?
A. To talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong.
B. To be nearby when they are surfing the Interact.
C. To fix a content screener on the computer.
D.To buy some search engines for children.
71. According to the passage, we can infer that
A. softwares fit for children want programmingB. the Internet contains a lot of harmful sites
C. the Internet will be protected by lawD. a child who is on-line is in danger
72. What does the passage tell us most?
A. Education. B. Good guides. C. Precautions. D. Software.
Every human being has a unique (唯一的) arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the cage.
The ridge (脊状) structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one which bears a reproduction of the original pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer's ink. They can be recorded easily. With special methods, identification (识别) can be achieved successfully within a short time. Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.
When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. Special techniques are used to "develop" them. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.
60. Scientists and experts have proved that the pattern of a human being's finger skin
A.is similar to his mother' s
B. is valuable to himself only
C. is like that of others with the same type of blood
D. is different from that of all others
61. If your fingers are wounded by knife, fire or other means, the structure of skin will
A. be changed partly
B. be replaced by a different one
C.be the same when the wound is recovered
D. become ugly
62. Finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal ease. because it
A. is complicated but reliable B. is simple and not expensive
C. is expensive but easy to do D. can bring a lot of money
63. It is __ for a criminal to deny his crime when finger-prints are used to identify him.
A. worth trying B. successful C. useful D. useless