Everyone agrees that all the creatures want happiness and are afraid of pain and grief. The question, however, is “What is real happiness?” The desire for happiness has no meaning without understanding the real nature of happiness.
Generally, ordinary beings consider sensual（感觉的） pleasures as happiness, and their actions are directed toward gaining these. According to them, searching for happiness means searching for pleasures of the senses. The question, “What is happiness?”, does not arise（出现） in their hearts, because in their hearts they think of a life full of sensual joys as a happy life.
Some thinkers say, “Happiness does not lie in the objects of enjoyment; happiness or unhappiness lies in the imagination.” To prove their belief they give examples like the following one. A man has a two-storey house. When he thinks of those who have a house with three storeys or more, he feels unhappy. When he thinks of those who have just a cottage, he feels happy. Such happiness does not lie in possessions（占有物）, but in the imagination. They advise people to take inspiration from those who have few possessions but are quite happy. If you only consider people wealthier than yourself, you will always be unhappy.
If you want to be happy, they say, look at the poor. But it is unreasonable to hold that happiness lies in the imagination. And it is inappropriate to think that someone is happy if he only imagines himself better than the poor and the unhappy. This attitude also satisfies the sense of pride of possession. This can never be called happiness. Unless we find out where happiness lies, we cannot really become happy.
Some ask people to do this or that, and say, “This way your desires will be satisfied. That way you will get what you want and become happy.” People holding these views regard happiness as satisfaction of desires and unhappiness as denial(否定) of such satisfaction.What kind of life can make common people feel happy?
| A．Life without pain and grief. |
| B．Life full of sensual pleasures. |
| C．Life with desire for possessions. |
| D．Life full of imagination. |
The underlined word “cottage” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ________.
| A．a house in one’s imagination | B．a modern building |
| C．a desired object | D．a small house |
The author may agree that ________.
| A．by comparing themselves with the poor, people will feel happy |
| B．people won’t feel happy without a desire for happiness |
| C．possessing wealth may lead to a sense of pride |
| D．people have to experience pain and grief before finding happiness |
The best title for this passage would be “________”.
| A．What Is Happiness? | B．How to Get Happiness |
| C．Happiness and Desire | D．Happiness and Imagination |
When the research on the effect of electric fields on E．coli was begun in 1962, it was essential that a biologist–specifically, a microbiologist–contributed to the project．She does not want her name used because she did not become a scientific researcher for fame, but rather for the challenge of putting pieces of a scientific puzzle together．
As a girl, she was inspired by the work of great scientists: she read the story of the cure of malaria in the Panama Canal; she also read a biography of Madame Curie．These accounts inspired her to pursue a career in scientific research．After high school, she worked for the Michigan Department of Health, where she did research in biology and microbiology．There, her colleagues saw her talent and encouraged her to pursue science as a career．She went on to earn a bachelor’s degree from Michigan State University in 1948 in medical technology．
When she began working at Michigan State in the early 1960s,
she was balancing the demands of scientific research with the needs
of her family．At that time both of her children were in school．She
would work in the lab in the morning while they were at school,
go home to see them at lunch, return to the lab for the afternoon, go
home for dinner, and return to the lab in the evening, if necessary．
At that time, there were fewer women scientists working than
there are today, but she encountered several in her career．At the
Michigan Department of Health, many of her colleagues were women and, consequently, she did not feel isolated because of her gender–nor did she feel that she was treated differently because she was a woman．
While working at Michigan State, she also felt that she was treated with respect by her peers．Her colleagues, among them doctors and Ph．D．chemists, all treated her as an equal．On the whole, she believes that there is not a great deal of difference between men and women in science．
56．Why does the woman scientist refuse to let out her name?
A．Because she is a shy lady．
B．Because she doesn’t mind her fame．
C．Because she never takes pride in her research．
D．Because she never works for her fame．
57．What is the noble lady scientist really interested in?
A．The life stories of other women scientists．
B．Biology and microbiology．
C．The secret of the success of the other scientists．
D．The difference between men and women scientists．
58．Who helped and encouraged her to carry on her scientific research?
A．Her family and friends． B．Madame Curie．
C．Her colleagues and other scientists． D．Some of the officials．
59．What is the whole passage mainly about?
A．The life story of a famous woman scientist with great success．
B．A brief introduction about an unknown great woman scientist．
C．The new development of a special woman scientist．
D．The secret of an infamous woman scientist．
Television, which made its first serious appearance in 1939, did not become common until the early 1950s．Since then, millions of children have grown up in front of the set, and many people now worry about the effect that TV has on the young, and on society in general．Educators, psychologists, and crime experts wonder if television should be abolished（取消）．Many ordinary parents wish it had never been invented．Why are they so afraid? Is television as harmful as they think it is?
Like almost
anything else, television has its good and its bad sides．One should surely thank its inventors for the joy and interest that they have brought into the lives of the old, the sick, and the lonely -- all those who, without it, would have no pleasure and no window on the world.
In truth, television has
opened windows in everybody's life．No newspaper has ever reached so many people and shown so clearly what was happening right now in their own country and everywhere else．TV not only gives the news instantly, it also shows it in pictures more powerful than words．It can be said that TV has brought reality to the public．Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle, a flood, a fire, a crime, disasters of every sort on the screen.
Unfortunately, television's influence has been extremely harmful to the young．Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world．They want to imitate what they see．They do believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable．By the time they are out of high school, most young people have watched about 15,000 hours of television, and have seen about 18,000 killings or other acts of violence．All educators and psychologists agree that the "television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents,
According to the same experts, the young are also less patient．Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and entertaining, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn't do funny things like the people on children's programs．And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen or thirty minutes．That's the time it takes on the screen.
It is certain that television has deeply changed our lives and our society．It is certain that, along with its benefits, it has brought many serious problems．To these problems we must soon find a solution because, whether we like it or not, television is here to stay.First TV set was made ______.
| A．in 1939 | B．in 1950s | C．in 1940s | D．in 1919 |
Which of the following people have a view on TV different from the others?
| A．Educators． | B．TV producers． |
| C．Crime experts． | D．Psychologists. |
According to the author, who need TV most?
| A．Educators. | B．Crime experts. |
| C．The old and the lonely. | D．The children and their parents. |
We can conclude that ‘television generations’ are_______.
| A．lonely | B．more patient | C．more violent | D．more gentle |
People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years．The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals．They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill．Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves 
in France and Spain．No one knows why they were painted there．Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals．Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing．They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language．The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.
The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together．When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried．Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories．It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip．But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power．So they did not try to make their way of writing simple．The ordinary people could not understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing．The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system．This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language．The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet．The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.
These 
days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures．But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams．We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work．Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ______.
| A．the hunters wanted to see the pictures |
| B．the painters were animal lovers |
| C．the painters wanted to show imagination |
| D．the pictures were thought to be helpful |
The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
| A．the former was easy to write | B．there were fewer signs in the former |
| C．the former was easy to pronounce | D．each sign stood for only one sound |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet. |
| B．The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories. |
C．The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian on e． |
| D．The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians. |
In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ___________.
| A．should be made comprehensible | B．should be made interesting |
| C．are of much use in our life | D．have disappeared from our life |
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling．Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as
possible．Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers．It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them．This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and 
then go about
making it available for purchase.
This concept（理念） does not imply that business is benevolent（慈善的） or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company．There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs．Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers．A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink．The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt（果断的） restoration（恢复） of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new．King Customer ruled!The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in fact, __________.
| A．the practice of turning goods into money |
| B．making goods available for purchase |
| C．the customer- centered approach |
| D．a form of persuasive salesmanship |
What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?
| A．The needs of the market． | B．The efficiency of production. |
| C．The satisfaction of the user． | D．The preferences of the dealer. |
According to the passage, the underlined part "to move as much of these goods as possible" （Para．1） means _________.
| A．to sell the largest possible amount of goods |
| B．to transport goods as efficiently as possible |
| C．to dispose of these goods in large quantities |
| D．to redesign these goods for large - scale production |
What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
| A．Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. |
| B．It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. |
| C．Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. |
| D．Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. |
A survey by an international temporary service agency found that U．S．managers believe that people with a sense of humour do better at their jobs, compared with those who have little or no sense of humour．In fact, about 96 percent of those surveyed said people with a sense of humour do better.
The survey went on to point out that the results suggest that a sense of humour may help light-hearted employees keep their jobs during tough times． And, what's more, it ma
y push them up the corporate ladder past their humourless colleagues．Why? It seems that those with a sense of humour are better communicators and better team players.
Studies have shown that happy workers are more productive． In fact, a researcher at California State University found that humour could help the employees to release tension.
Research done by psychologist Dr．Ashton Trice at Mary Baldwin College in Virginia
showed that humour helps us think．When people feel stuck on important projects, they tend to feel angry or depressed． According to Dr．Trice's research, taking time out to laugh can help us to get rid of negative feelings and allow us to return to a task or move on to another project unaffected by past defeat.
If humour is really this important, then why don't we use it more often on the job? Most likely, the main reason is that many people are unaware of the positive effects of humour in the workplace．However, it is important to realize that some humour is not suitable for the workplace, and that it is often used at wrong times.Most people think a sense of humour can ________.
| A．help you to do your work better | B．make you have a rich life |
| C．make you pleased with your work | D．help you to make more friends |
Many people don't use humour more in the workplace because __________.
| A．they like keeping silent when working |
| B．they don't know the positive effects of humour |
| C．they think they should obey the rules |
| D．they don't like joking or laughing |
A person without a sense of humour is easier __________.
| A．to feel surprised | B．to get along with |
| C．to be worried | D．to be successful |
What is probably the best title for the article?
| A．People with a Sense of Humour. | B．Humour Is Important in the Workplace． |
| C．Humour and Humourless. | D．Everyone Likes Humour. |