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Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.
I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.
Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陈代谢). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.
The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.
For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.
In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion（均衡）of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.
Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high－density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (营养).
The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足够的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(长期便秘)．
To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.
| Title |
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less |
| Causes of weight problems |
●It's commonly believed that adults' weight problems are due to (1)______ too much, but little scientific evidence (2)______ this idea. ●Studies show that fat people eat less and are (3)______ active than slim people. |
| (4)______of eating enough |
●Energy used for essential bodily functions, BMR, and (5)______ activity should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable ●Food intake offers (6)______ vitamin and mineral intake and prevents the old from chronic constipation. |
| Ways of weight loss |
●Dieting alone—a temporary measure ●Tending to weaken the diet's effects ●(7)______in some loss of muscle as well as fat ●Exercising (8)______ — a recommended way ●Having good heart function ●Helping to raise blood levels of HDL ●Attaining critical nutrients |
| (9)______ |
●Doing little exercise has much to do with obesity. ●Severe dieting should be (10)______. ●Moderate dieting as well as regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. |
In ancient times, the most important examination was spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted 31 saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known 32_________ the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into 33 (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.
Two types of tests are 34 (common) used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an “objective” test. It 35 ___________ (intend) to deal with facts, not personal opinions. On objective tests, the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and then he must copy its letter or number onto his examination paper. Sometimes there is 36 answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student only has to circle the one 37 go with the correct answer.
For testing some kinds of learning, however , such a test is not very satisfactory. A lively student 38 guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
For a clearer picture of 39 the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, and the tests require students to write long answers to broad, general questions. When some essay questions are used along with some objective questions, 40 , a fairly clear picture of the students’ knowledge and ability can usually be obtained.
Although anyone can do it, storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm 31 throw a cow into the air 32 destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents 33 (cause) by driving in 34 heavy rain. If you are a 35 (begin), it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations 36____________ the storm season.
However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it . “37 you get 38 (close)to a storm, it is the most 39 (excite) sight you will 40 see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is an example of the power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth.”
Young people should travel not only to find out about the present 31 to find out about the future. A grand tour today should be the opposite of 32 it was in the past. It should not include museums, castles and ruins. It should go 33 human life is, to places that throw you images of the future. It should not be an escape of 34 (real) but a challenge with 35 .
Young people of today should go to the wildest, farthest, poor place they can think of. They should go to the wild places of Asia, Africa, and South America. Young people should go to 36 many such places as they can, 37 these places are closing up and in time they’ll become impossible.
The other area young people should travel 38 ____________ is the same sort of area within their own country, places that are a kind of 39 ____________ (know) land, 40 _______ as the Congo Basin.
A guest comes up to Mrs. Dale, the Duty Manager, telling her 31 (anger) about the Hall Porter’s Department. Since there are 32 guests present, the Duty Manager invites the guest to come to her office 33 (talk) things over.
The guest says that the Hall Porter yesterday 34 (promise) to get theatre tickets 35 a show in the city. He says that today, 36 he went to collect the tickets there was 37 porter on duty. The porter could not find any tickets for the guest, and could not find any record of the request for tickets. It seems that the porter on duty today did not believe 38 the guest had made any request for tickets. The guest says that the tickets were promised, 38 he has planned to go to the theatre that night, and that it is the 40 (hotel) job to provide the tickets.
Finishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car 31 (steal). They filed a report 32 the police station and a detective drove them 33 to the parking lot（停车场）to look for evidence.
To their 34 (amaze), the car had been returned and there was a note in it , 35 _______ said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the hospital as soon as possible. Please forget the 36 (convenient). There are two tickets 37 tonight’s Rowan Atkinson concert.”
Their faith in humanity restored(恢复). The couple attended 38 concert. But 39 they returned home, they immediately found that their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was 40 note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don’t I?”