InternationalStudies(BA)Keyfea-优题课

What is it that makes people happy? Youth, health, a good job, god looks, a flashy（浮华的） car? None of these things, Spanish experts say.
The concept of happiness is coming under increasingly close examination in Spain.
As the nation rises to the club of the world’s wealthiest countries, people are discovering that material things do not bring happiness.
“Most people use money as a measure of human value,” says Jesus Ynfante, author of a book on Spain’s 300 Biggest Fortunes.
“Expensive products are regarded as the best. The rich are admired simply for being rich”, Ynfante said.
Yet psychologists warn that happiness cannot be bought. They advise people to look for it in human relations and in the small pleasures of everyday life.
Many people regard happiness as a moment of ecstatic pleasure（狂喜） —something that, by definition, cannot last—while others speak of it as peace and acceptance of oneself. Polls（问卷调查） in different countries indicate that between 65 and 85 percent of the world’s population regard themselves as reasonably happy.
Around 40 percent of a person’s happiness is thought to be determined by genetics. While the rest depends on childhood environment and the process of growing up.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about happiness is that it has little to do with age, health, wealth, or other values thought to be important in western society.
For most Spaniards, happiness is linked with feeling close to other people.
Happy people accept their limitations and set themselves reachable goals, experts say.
There are lifestyle choices which favor happiness, such as exercise, eating carbohydrates and exposing oneself to sunlight.
But the main secret of happiness is to take pleasure in small things.
“If you are given a choice between eternal （永久的） happiness and a cheese sandwich, take the sandwich.” advises musician Julian Hernandez.
56．Spain, as this passage tells us, .
A．has built more clubs than the other countries
B．has owned the largest group of experts
C．has become one of the richest countries in the world
D．has produced the most wealth in the world
57.It can be concluded that Jesus Ynfante is .
A ．a famous expert B．a famous psychologist
C．one of the richest Spaniards D．familiar with the richest Spaniards
58．As psychologists warn in this passage, people can’t feel happy even if they
A．have too much money B．only care about themselves
C．don’t do any homework D．have a few relations
59．Happy people, as we can find in this passage, .
A．are always full of feeling B．are always born in rich families
C．always enjoy every achievement they get
D．always look down upon themselves
60．What Julian Hernandez advises at the end of this passage suggests that .
A．he is not a happy musician
B．he is leading a hard life
C．he doesn’t agree with the idea shown in this passage
D．he is humourous and happy

It began as a game: high school and college students studying computer technology figured out they could use personal computers to break into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These young computer gifts soon gained the nickname "hackers （黑客）".
Police arrested a few hackers, but many went on to even more complex hacking. One hacker was arrested for making illegal telephone calls and later used a prison phone to change a police officer's credit records to get back at （报复） the officer for arresting him. The hacker also used a computer to change his college records to give himself better grades.
As hackers gained experience, they began invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses. In one plan, a hacker instructed an airline's computer to give him free airplane tickets.
The U.S. government is worried hackers may break into its complex networks of defense computers. The government's classified secrets are vulnerable （脆弱的） because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can tap into.
In November 1988, a college student tapped into a non-classified U.S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected （输入，注入） a computer program that left copies of itself throughout Arpanet. Some hackers use each "virus " to destroy all the data in a computer. But in this case, government officials shut down the network before the program reached every computer in the system. Shutting down the system angered many researchers who were using the computers. The hacker turned himself in （自首） to police and told them how to get his program out of the computer system. He was charged with a crime.
The incident attracted computer hacking in the United States. Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers.
The U.S. government believes foreign governments have hired hackers to try to break into top-secret defense computers. It fears a hacker could inject a virus into military computers that would clean up all the data during a war.
Experts disagree over whether a computer network can ever be safe from hacking. But in the future, some of the most brilliant minds in the U.S. will be working to ruin the efforts of computer hackers and spies.
71．The main idea of the article is that _______________．
A．computer hackers only want to make free long-distance phone calls
B．the government wants to hire computer hackers to spy on the Russians
C．computer hackers are a danger to private companies and government secrets
D．many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers carrying viruses
72．A computer "virus" is like a human virus because it _______________．
A．makes a computer cough and throw up
B．spreads from one computer to another
C．can clean up a person's doctor bills
D．requires regular visits to a doctor
73．A hacker can be dangerous because ________________．
A．he knows how to make free long-distance telephone calls
B．information is stored in computers, and a hacker knows how to destroy the information
C．once in prison, he can use a telephone to operate his computer
D．a hacker who steals a free airplane ticket might take a doctor of that seat on the airplane
74．U.S．government computers are vulnerable to a hacker because _____________．
A．the government always pays its telephone bills on time
B．the Russians know what's in the U.S．computers
C．viruses attack only government computers
D．many government computers are connected by telephone lines
75．In the future ________________．
A．some most brilliant minds in America will be working to stop computer hackers and spies
B．hackers will begin invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses
C．many computer hackers will be arrested for making free telephone calls
D．some computer hackers will turn themselves in to the police

A lot of teachers hate doodlers(乱写乱画的人)during classes．“Pay attention!” Teachers will often warn doodling students，sure that they must be daydreaming．
However, according to a recent study, doodling while listening to a boring lecture helps concentrate the attention：
Andrade，a psychology professor in England asked participants to listen to a boring lecture． Half the participants were told to color in squares and circles freely on a piece of paper while listening to the lecture. The other half weren’t given a task．After it was over, the participants were asked to retell the lecture．
Those given the doodling task(color in squares and circles)remembered 29 percent more information than the non-doodlers．Andrade said．
“If someone is doing a boring task，like listening to a dull conversation，they may start daydream，”said Professor Andrade．
“Daydreaming distracts(使分心)them from the task，resulting in poorer performance．A simple task，like doodling，can stop them from daydreaming without affecting their performance at the task，”he said．
So the next time you’re doodling during a class，and you hear “pay attention”，you can tell the teacher with confidence that you’ve been paying attention to every word．
66．The passage mainly tells us．
A．doodling will be banned in classes B. teachers are against doodling
C．doodling may help concentrate D. doodling call lead to daydream
67．Teachers hate doodlers because they thought．
A．doodlers are not good at study B．doodlers are doing no task
C．doodlers pay no attention in class D．doodlers are not polite to them
68．According to the text，it is helpful to doodle when．
A．a boring lecture is given B．an interesting story is told
C．watching a long TV program D．having a conversation with the teacher
69．Professor Andrade thinks．
A．those given the doodling task can remember less information
B．if you have daydream during classes you’ll have a good memory
C．daydreaming is better than doodling
D．doodling can stop us from daydreaming
70．We can learn from the text that．
A．doodling is the best way to draw attention
B．daydreaming is different from doodling
C．doodling will be helpful in any occasion
D．every student should doodle in class

A 1.6-meter tall robot may soon become the best friend for lonely elderly people，as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint(冲刺)toward its market launch(投放)，said a senior researcher on the robot project on Saturday．
“We are working on testing the exact functions and ways to reduce the cost in preparations for an expected market launch of the robot in two to three years，”said Li Ruifeng，a member of the project．
He said the team hoped to reduce the cost so that the robot can be priced at 30，000 to 50，000 yuan，which is expected to be an affordable price for most of China’s better-off families．
The robot has been developed with the functions of fetching food，medicine，sounding alarms in case of water or gas leakage，sending texts or video images via wireless communications，and even singing a song or playing chess to entertain its masters．
Li said that the robot，developed independently in China, has technology at the same level as those in western labs．
China set about the research of the robot in 2007，when it was listed as a national key project．It is backed by government funding(拨款)．China has the world’s largest elderly population with 159 million people over 60，accounting for 12 percent of its total population． According to a survey by the Ministry of Civil Affairs，more than 10 million caregivers and nurses are needed to attend the elderly population，as most of Chinese elderly prefer to live their retired lives at home．
61．The passage mainly talked about．
A．the problems of Chinese elderly population
B．the advantages of the Robot caregivers
C．robot caregivers for the elderly to lilt market
D．the government’s attention to the elderly
62．The underlined word “backed” in the last paragraph means．
A. supported B．suggested C．controlled D．stopped
63．From the last paragraph we know that．
A．our government pays no attention to the elderly people
B．China has the world’s largest elderly population
C．Chinese elderly people prefer to be looked after by robot caregivers
D．robots are the best friends for the lonely elderly people
64．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Robot caregivers will appear in the market in 2 or 3 years．
B．Robot caregivers can help elderly people do everything．
C．The robot needs some technology from western labs．
D．The robot is expected to be bought by every people．
65．The author wrote the passage to．
A．advertise a robot caregiver to the elderly
B．tell China elderly not to worry about their life
C．explain how robot caregivers work in the future
D．introduce a newly-developed robot caregiver

第三部分阅读理解
(共15小题，每题2分，满分30分)
Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways. When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.
Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test --- unless the person cheats again.
Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.
Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.
If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.
A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions(解决办法) together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.
56．The author thinks that when kids cheat in class, _______.
A．it is unfair to other people B．it does harm to their heath
C．teachers should punish them D．teachers shouldn’t stop them at once
57．Some students like cheating mainly because_________.
A．the material in the test is very difficult
B．they want to do better than the others
C．cheating can make hard things seem very easy
D．they have little time to study their lessons
58．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us______.
A．cheating isn’t a good idea B．why kids cheat in the test
C．some kids can’t pass the test without cheating
D．some kids don’t spend the time studying
59．We can learn from the passage______.
A．cheaters are often thought highly of
B．people show no respect for those who cheat
C．parents whose kids cheat are often in trouble
D．kids cheat in the test because of swim practice
60．In the passage those cheaters are advised to_______.
A．spend more time on school than on sports
B．find good solutions instead of cheating
C．try hard to be intelligent rather than lazy
D．ask their classmates for good methods of study

A．international polities	B．international business
C．international systems	D．international bodies

A．enjoy research work	B．plan to choose courses
C．study in the UK	D．are interested in overseas fieldwork