In the eyes of dog lovers, the dog is man’s best friend. But for much wildlife, loose dogs may be a dangerous enemy, according to a study by a biologist from Utah State University in the US.
Based on much existing research and their own case studies, Julie Smith of Utah State University and four other scientists conclude that loose dogs may represent a huge danger to wildlife, especially endangered species, by hunting down or worrying them and by spreading diseases. They also found that dogs, their worldwide numbers around 500 million, can cause more damage to wildlife and livestock(牲畜) than wolves and other enemies of these animals.
Smith gave examples from the US state of Idaho, where research showed the presence of dogs reducing some deer populations. On the Navajo American Indians’ reservation in northeastern Arizona, packs of loose dogs are attacking livestock. They have killed populations of small animals such as rabbits and act as a disease carrier for rabies(狂犬病) among people and other animals, she said. Loose dogs also were to blame for distemper(温热病) outbreak leading to a die-off of endangered black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming in the 1980s.
The phenomenon is not just limited to US; it’s a global problem. Julie Smith once studied three endangered species in central Asia: wild sheep, gazelles and antelope. The rate of injury and death to these animals by loose dogs was very high. In another case, Smith found that dogs, not wolves, as originally suspected, were responsible for a large number of livestock killings in the mountainous Basque country between Spain and France.
Authors of the new study said the problem is likely to worsen as communities expand. Then how to deal with it?
Indeed, in many countries, leash(拴狗的皮带) laws permit punishment of dog owners whose pets attack wildlife. But lawbreakers are rarely punished because the police lack both people and money.
Smith has low-cost solutions to the problem for dog lovers, though. They include public dog-training programs and vaccinating (预防接种) dogs against rabies and other illnesses.Julie Smith’s study mainly tells us that _______.
| A．many species are endangered because they are killed by loose dogs. |
| B．wild dogs are immune to many diseases. |
| C．wolves are still the greatest enemy of livestock. |
| D．loose dogs are a great danger to wildlife. |
Which of the following statements about loose dogs is TRUE according to the research?
| A．There are around 500 million loose dogs around the world. |
| B．The black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming were once the main food source of local loose dogs. |
| C．The problem caused by loose dogs is the most serious in the US. |
| D．People used to think that wolves, rather than loose dogs killed livestock in the Basque country. |
Which of the following is among Julie Smith’s solutions to the trouble caused by loose dogs?
| A．More strict leash laws |
| B．Public dog-training programs. |
| C．Vaccinating people against rabies and other illnesses. |
| D．More support from the police. |
What is the main point of the article?
| A．A global disaster caused by loose dogs. |
| B．What makes the dog man’s greatest friend. |
| C．The problem of loose dogs and the possible solutions. |
| D．The danger of the increasing numbers of dogs. |
There are some great differences between the traditional family and the modern family.
The first important difference is in the man’s role.The traditional husband was the head of the household because he was the only one who worked outside the home.If the wife worked for money,then the husband was not considered to be a good provider,In many families today,both husband and wife work for money.Therefore,they share the role of head of household.In addition,the traditional husband usually made big decisions about spending money.However,the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife.Also,the traditional husband did not help his wife with housework or meal preparation. Dinner was ready when he came home,In contrast,the modern husband helps his working wife at home.He may do some of the household chores,and it is not unusual for him to cook.
The second difference is in the woman’s role. In the traditional family,the woman may have worked for miney during her first years of marriage.However,when she gave birth,she would usually give up her job. Her primary role would be to take care of her family and home.In contrast,in many families today,the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children .She’s doing two jobs instead of one,so she is busier than the traditional mother was.The traditional wife learned to live within her husband’s income.But the modern wife does not have to because the family has two incomes.
The final difference is in the role of the children .In the traditional family,the children were taken care of by the mother because she didn’t work outside.However,today pre-school children may go to a child-care center or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works.The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent.Their mother was there to help them get ready for school and to make their breakfast.In conrtast,modern children are more independent.They have to get up early and get ready for school themselves,and they may even have to make their own breakfast.The main idea of the passage is .
| A．the change of the American society |
| B．the change of the American children |
| C．the change of the American family |
| D．the change of the American adults |
In the past,if the husband let his wife get a job, .
| A．people would not think highly of his wife |
| B．people would think little of him |
| C．people would refuse to be friends with him |
| D．people would look up to him |
The husband in the modern family .
| A．is still the boss of the family who decides all of the important things |
| B．lets the wife make all of the decisions alone |
| C．shares big decisions with his working wife |
| D．no longer works for money because the wife is working |
According to the passage,which of the following is true?
| A．The husband in the modern family does a lot of housework except cooking. |
| B．Modern wives have more free time because their husbands share housework. |
| C．Modern wives no longer cook dinners for husbands. |
| D．It’s common for men to buy dishes,send children to school ,and even cook in a modern family. |
A teddy bear from Cumbria is launching into space to raise cash for charity(慈善)
Terence,an experienced traveller who has been to Iraq,will be the guest of honour on aviation（飞行）legend Burt Rutan’s Spaceship One when it flies above Earth.The mission takes off from California on September 29, and on his return the loveable toy will be auctioned off（拍卖）in aid of the North AIR Ambulance Appeal(北部空中救护服务中心).
Spaceship One is the world’s first private spacecraft,and is competing for a prestigious space travel prize.Chief executive of the Great North Air Ambulance Service (GNAAS),Graham Pickering,said”flying officer”Terence had been handed over to the RAF six months ago and staff had been receiving postcards from him ever since.
He said,“Terence was a fundraising idea that really took off. We have received pictures of him in a U2 craft,trying parachuting and even looking drunk and disorderly.When the RAF finally discharege him he will be a very rare bear indeed‑--we just hope he does not bum up on re‑entry to Earth”.
GNAAS,which needs charitable donations of more than ￡2m a year,has three air ambulances(空中救护机).
Peter Bond,spokesman for the Royal Astronimical Society,said Terence’s safety was not guaranteed. He said,“This is a new experimental craft and this will only be the second time it has flown.During its first voyage it developed technical problems but hopefully they have now been resolved.”
Since May,Terence has spent time with members of 100 squadron（空军中队）based at RAF Leeming Basra.Iraq,and at air shows with performing fighter planes.
Spaceship One will fly 100km(62 miles) above the Earth’s surface,just breaking through the planet’s atmosphere.
If it repeats the feat（技艺）inside two weeks,it will claim the $ 10 million Ansari X-Prize set up to encourage the private space flight business.Which of the following is the best title?
| A．The Toy Bear Will Be Auctioned Off |
| B．Space Flight |
| C．Spaceship One to Lift Off |
| D．Teddy Bear Astronaut to Lift Off |
Terence is .
| A．an experienced astronaut |
| B．a toy bear |
| C．a real bear living in England |
| D．an air force officer |
Which of the following is true of Speaceship One?
| A．Spaceship One is the world’s first speacecraft. |
| B．The purpose of its flight is to collect money for the charity. |
| C．The purpose of its flight is to comepete for a prestigious space travel prize. |
| D．Spaceship One has never flown. |
We can infer that .
| A．after this space flight,Spaceship One will get the $ 10 million Ansari X-prize |
| B．it is dangerous for a spaceship to re-entre the earth atmosphere |
| C．Terence will be very safe on the flight |
| D．Spaceship One is just an ordinary plane |
For a small town, Mantattan, Kansas has some big surprises. And one of them is the Holiday Inn Hotel, with rooms built around a swimming pool and a friendly atmosphere.
The Holiday Inn is where Manhattan people often go for a special party, or a night out. A lot of them choose to eat in the bright‑lit restaurant near the pool, And many of them will be served by Ellen Logan, who has worked as a waitress here for more than two years.
Ellen, like most of the waitresses, is also a student. She comes from Nebraska, but she’s planning one day to be a veterinary surgeon, and to care for small animals. But in order to support herself at college, she works twenty hours a week at the Holiday Inn.
Ellen soon learned what every waitress finds out. Your best friend has a good pair of shoes. She paid forty‑five dollars for hers, much more than she would usually spend. She’s discovered something else too. You don’t have to know much about food to be a good waitress, but you do have to know a lot about people.
“A lot of business people always stay here when they come to Manhattan”, she explains. “They like you to recognize them and remember their favorite dishes. But some couples come for a night out together. They just want to be left alone. Then there are people who can’t make up their minds. They look down the menu and say,‘What do you suggest?’So I ask them how hungry they are. If they say,‘Not very.’I suggest the salad bar, with soup, salad, bread, and a fruit plate. But if they say they’re very hungry, I suggest a Kansas Strip Steak, with potatoes or rice. You get salad and bread as well. It’s very nice. Real good value”.
Ellen may get tired sometimes, but at least she’s learning too much about people. She’s learning too much about people. She’ll probably make a good animal doctor, but if she finds she doesn’t like it after all, she can become a psychiatrist(心理医生)instead.What does the underlined phrase “a veterinary surgeon” mean?
| A．An animal doctor | B．A hotel manager | C．A food expert | D．A restaurant waitress |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
| A．Businessmen like to be suggested what to eat. |
| B．Many couples often want you to recognize them. |
| C．Why people like to eat in the hotel is that it is full of a friendly atmosphere. |
| D．If you know a lot about people,you’ll be a good veterinary surgeon. |
From the passage we can infer that .
| A．waitresses in the Holiday Inn are all students. |
| B．waitresses are required to buy a good pair of shoes before they go to work. |
| C．waitresses should be familiar with the food there. |
| D．it is more important for the waitresses to know much about people than food. |
Choose the best title for the passage.
| A．How to Deal with People | B．A Special Holiday Inn Hotel in Manhattan |
| C．American Holiday Inn | D．Ellen Logan at the Holiday Inn |
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Wearing seat belt is，of course，the first step to safe driving．These additional measures might also save your life.
Count to three．Keeping up enough space between your car and others is extreme1y necessary．Jim Clark，a California driving instructor，suggests a least amount of three seconds’following distance．To figure this，pick an object on the roadside ahead．When the car in front of you passes it，start counting one-thousand-one,one-thousand-two，one-thousand-three．If you get to that object before you reach one-thousand-three，you don’t have three seconds of following time --- time needed to keep away from accidents．
Let followers pass．“If someone’s driving after you，get out of his way，”Clark advises．“You’re better of being safe than right．”
Expect the worst．In a study，the Federal Highway Administration(联邦公路局)found that 68 percent of drivers do not come to a complete stop at stop signs．When you’re driving and see someone come near to a stop sing，assume the person’s not going to stop．
And when you stop at a crossing and another car comes near with its turn signal on，don’t take it true that the driver will turn．Instead，wait until he turns．He may have had the signal on for miles．
Stay outside．In crowd，multilane(多车道) traffic，drive in either the outside--left or outside--right lane．“That allows you somewhere to go if a problem develops,”traffic expert Francis Kenel says．“If you’re in the middle，all you can do is to pause from time to time．”According to the text if you want to drive safely you should．
| A．wear seat belt | B．take some additional measures |
| C．at least take 5 steps | D．count to three |
When you finish counting“one-thousand-three",you have．
| A．driven one thousand and three metres | B．kept three seconds’distance from other cars |
| C．counted a lot of numbers | D．kept a long distance from the object |
What does the underlined word“assume”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
| A．Maybe． | B．Guess． | C．Ask． | D．Suppose． |
Mr．Kenel tells us while driving in multilane traffic_______.
| A．we’d better find somewhere to go |
| B．it will be better for us to drive in the outside lanes |
| C．it is safer to drive in the middle |
| D．we must drive on the left |