Everyone has got two personalities — the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behaviour, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep on curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weakness. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.According to the writer, you naturally show your secret and real personality _______.
| A．only in a normal night |
| B．only when you go to sleep |
| C．only when you refuse to show yourself to the world |
| D．only when you change sleeping position |
Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up. Why?
| A．He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you. |
| B．He or she is rarely ready to help you. |
| C．He or she prefers staying at home to going out. |
| D．He or she wouldn’t like to get help from you. |
It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because _______.
| A．he or she always shows sympathy for people |
| B．he or she is confident, but not stubborn |
| C．he or she has more strengths than weakness |
| D．he or she often considers annoying people |
The writer of the passage is probably a _______.
| A．novelist | B．reporter | C．psychologist | D．professor |
An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”The underlined word “rating” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.
| A．program | B．regulation |
| C．correction | D．classification |
What’s the passage mainly about?
| A．A new scientific experiment. |
| B．The Self-fulfilling Effect. |
| C．Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”. |
| D．An improved teaching method. |
The experiment was made in order to _________.
| A．try out a new teaching method |
| B．pick out the most excellent pupils |
| C．learn if expectations affect performance |
| D．give each pupil a proper rating |
What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?
| A．Strict training from Higgins. |
| B．Her own strong will and hard work. |
| C．The proper way she was regarded |
| D．Warm encouragement from Pickering. |
According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.
| A．I’m sure you can make it |
| B．I will help you any time |
| C．It is as easy as pie |
| D．It doesn’t matter if you fail |
Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.. What is true about children when they play games?
| A．They can stop playing any time they like. |
| B．They can test their personal abilities. |
| C．They want to pick a better team. |
| D．They don’t need rules. |
. To become a leader in a game the child has to .
| A．play well |
| B．wait for his turn |
| C．be confident in himself |
| D．be popular among his playmates |
. What do we know about grown-ups?
| A．They are not interested in games. |
| B．They find children’s games too easy. |
| C．They don’t need a reason to play games. |
| D．They don’t understand children’s games. |
Why does a child like playing games?
| A．Because he can be someone other than himself. |
| B．Because he can become popular among friends. |
| C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games. |
| D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game. |
. The writer believes that .
| A．children should make better rules for their games |
| B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them |
| C．children’s games can do them a lot of good |
| D．children play games without reasons |
Few Americans remain in one position or one place for a lifetime. They move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where they raise their children to the home where they plan to live in retirement (退休). With each move they are forever making new friends, who become part of their new life at that time.
For many of them summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad, and they go not only to see new sights but also with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible.
The word “friend ” can be applied to a wide range of relationships ---- to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a fellow worker, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant (知己).. Many Americans move from place to place for the following reasons except.
| A．going to college |
| B．getting a better job |
| C．finding a place to live in retirement |
| D．saving money |
. Summer is a special time when many Americans.
| A．enjoy the sunlight | B．feel strange |
| C．travel to other countries | D．get a new job |
When summer comes, many Americans .
| A．hope to meet new people |
| B．expect to find some close friends |
| C．want to begin lasting friendships with new people |
| D．Both A and B |
From the passage it can be seen that a “friend” can be .
| A．a fellow worker | B．a football teammate |
| C．a boy or a girl | D．all of the above |
. Which of the following is the topic sentence of Paragraph 2?
| A．For many of us summer is a special time for forming new friendships. |
| B．Today millions of Americans vacation abroad. |
| C．No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friendship. |
| D．But surely the beginning of friendship is possible. |
John Smith, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn’t happy at a11. When his college friends were looking for their jobs, he didn’t have to. Jack decided to living a simple life like everyone else. He gave $l0,000 of his money to a charity (慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.
Up to now John has helped some children from poor countries all over the world, by sending them each $200 a month. The money was used for the children’s study, food, medicine and clothing. John receives a report each year on the children’s progress. They can write to each other. but usually the children do not speak English.
When John first heard about these children, he wanted to help them. “It was nothing special,” he said. “Until I went to these countries and met the children I was helping, I didn’t know anything about their life.” Once John went to meet a little girl in Africa. He said that the meeting was very exciting. “When I met her, I felt very happy.” he said. “And I saw that the money was used for a good cause. It brought me happiness. I want to do everything I can to go on helping those children.”. John didn’t need to look for a job .
| A．before he went to college | B．after he went to Africa |
| C．because he got a lot of money | D．before he received a report |
. John has sent them each $200 a month to help some poor children .
| A．near Washington | B．in European countries |
| C．only in Africa | D．throughout the world |
. John learned about the children’s progress by .
| A．visiting them each year | B．getting a report every year |
| C．staying with them | D．talking to them in English |
. The underlined words “for a good cause” means “” in Chinese.
| A．施舍 | B．行善 |
| C．优惠 | D．赏赐 |
. What’s the main idea of the story?
| A．Help others, and you will feel happy. |
| B．It’s necessary to write letters to poor children. |
| C．Live a simple life, and you can give others help. |
| D．It’s the most important to help the children in Africa. |
Walking round the large shop, Edith realized how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas for her father.
She that he were as easy to please as her mother, who was satisfied with perfume (香水). , shopping at this time of the year was a most job. People on your feet, pushed you with their shoulders and almost you over in their hurry in order to something cheap ahead of you.
Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter (柜台), where some beautiful ties were on . "They are silk," the shop assistant told her with a smile trying to her to buy one. But Edith knew from past that her choice of ties never pleased her father.
She moved on slowly and where a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter. She found some fine pipes on sale and the were very beautiful. Edith did not hesitate for long, although her father smoked a pipe once in a while, she believed this was to please him.
When she got home, with her small but present hidden in her handbag, it was time for supper and her parents were already table. Her mother was in great . "Your father has at last decided to stop smoking," she told her daughter happily. Edith was so that she could not say a single word.
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