Therearemanyinternationalorgan-优题课

Most musicians agree that the best violins were made in Cremona, Italy, about 200 years ago. They even sound better than violins made today. Violin makers and scientists try to make instruments like the old Italian violins. But they aren’t the same. Why are these old Italian violins so special? Many people think they have an answer.
Some people think it is the age of the violins. But there is a problem here. Not all old violins sound wonderful. Only those from Cremona are special. So age cannot be the answer.
Other people think the secret to those violins is the wood. The wood of the violin is very important. It must be from certain kinds of trees. It must not be too young or too old. Perhaps the violin makers of Cremona knew something special about wood for violins.
But the kind of wood may not be so important. It may be more important to cut the wood in a special way. Wood for a violin must be cut very carefully. It has to be the right size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sound of the violin. Musicians sometimes think that this is the secret of the Italians.
Size and shape may not be the answer either. Scientists make new violins that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new violins still do not sound as good as the old one. Some scientists think the secret may be the varnish（清漆）, which covers the wood of the violin and makes it look shiny. It also helps the sound of the instrument. Since no one knows what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish, no one can make the same varnish today.
There may never be other violins like the violins of Cremona. And there are not many of the old violins left. So these old violins are becoming more and more precious.
What would be the best title for the passage?

A．The Secrets of Cremona Violins

B．The History of Italian Violins

C．Special Musical Instruments

D．How to Make the Best Violins

The main purpose of the first paragraph is to_______________

A．list some facts	B．raise a question
C．give an opinion	D．offer an answer

What is still unclear about Cremona violins according to the writer?

A．The shape．

B．The size．

C．The wood．

D．The varnish．

Which of the following words can best describe Cremona violins?

A．Light．

B．Shining．

C．Valuable．

D．Modern

What can we learn from this passage?

A．Modem things are always better than ancient ones

B．Ancient things are always better than modem ones

C．Once a cultural relic is lost．it Can never be recovered

D．Varnish for violins will become more and more precious

On March 28th, the New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online.
In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in the Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.”
Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $ 15 for four weeks of online and mobile application access, $ 20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $ 35 for access to everything. People who already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to the Times on all platforms.
These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The Times had made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays.
The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger's announcement, people who come to the Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit.
However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by the Times to close what could be a giant loophole （漏洞）, since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for the Times for the same reason.
Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that the Times must “continue to engage with the widest possible audience.”
The author’s main purpose in the text is to _______.

A．describe research findings	B．report a piece of news
C．make advertisements	D．suggest a solution

Why will the Times charge their online readers?

A．It wants to stay relevant in the social media world.

B．It has too many readers coming from the other sites.

C．It is seeking new financial sources for its development.

D．It is trying a way to offer better service to its readers.

Who will be limited to the New York Times articles?

A．Those subscribing to the printed newspapers

B．Readers clicking through from Facebook.

C．Those using Google research engine

D．Readers paying $ 35 a month.

What challenge may the paywall bring to the New York Times?

A．It may bring the Times more competition with the other media

B．It may stop the Times connecting to the global network

C．It may block the readers from the other websites

D．It may result in huge drops in papers' online readership

Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.
The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”
Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”
Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.
He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Have the opposite effect.	B．Lead to conflict.
C．Drive people mad.	D．Help a lot.

What can we learn from the passage?

A．Surface acting is good for organizations.

B．Men benefit more from deep acting than women.

C．Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.

D．Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.

The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.

A．employees

B．employers

C．researchers

D．customers.

What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Solution to feeling unhappy

B．How to cultivate positive emotions

C．How to improve workers’ productivity

D．Fake smiling makes you miserable

Every time you go shopping, the vegetables and fruit look so tempting that you wish you could buy all of them. Some people are lucky and can grow the fruit and vegetables in the gardens that they have. While getting fresh vegetables, they can also achieve great cost cutting.
Mushrooms are expensive and can also go bad very quickly. Mushrooms can also be grown easily in a dark environment. In fact it’s better than growing other vegetables since you really don’t need an outdoor space. A special type of soil that is good for growing mushrooms is easily available.
Actually mushrooms aren’t even vegetables; they are fungi and for this reason, you don’t even require sunlight to grow them. Well how does one go about growing mushrooms? You could always Google “growing mushrooms” and you will find a number of mushroom growing kits（成套工具）available online that are effective and not very expensive either.
Mushrooms can be added to any dish that you cook. Simply use them in pizzas, salads and anything that you pretty much fancy. Grow mushrooms in your own house and use them whenever you want. Fresh mushrooms are taster than the ones that are stored in your refrigerator.
If you have had a really good crop of mushrooms, then you can even store them. Ideally you should use the white variety of the mushrooms. Simply pick them, slice them and put them on a cookie sheet in a freezer. When they are frozen, just put them in a zip lock and you can use them when you want to. They give a really great taste to the dish that you are making. Thaw them before you use them.
You should try growing mushrooms, since it’s cost-effective. Furthermore, you can eat the fresh mushrooms any time that you want.
What is an advantage of growing vegetables according to the passage?

A．You can save a lot of money

B．You can eat all kinds of vegetables.

C．You are lucky to eat what you like

D．You can satisfy your desire.

Mushrooms are different from other vegetables in that _______.

A．they can grow well in an outdoor space

B．it is easy for them to go bad in a few days

C．they can grow without soil

D．they can be grown where there is no light

Which of the following is the right order of storing mushrooms?
a. put them on a cookie sheet in the refrigerator
b. place frozen mushrooms in a zip lock
c. cut them into slices
d. choose the white mushrooms

A．a-b-c-d

B．d-c-a-b

C．a-d-c-b

D．d-a-c-b

What would be the best title for this passage?

A．We should eat more fruit and vegetables

B．Mushrooms online are very expensive

C．It is easy and cost-effective to grow mushrooms

D．Mushrooms — tasty and healthy vegetables

John, a famous musician, took his priceless antique violin and played it in the crowded subway station. The music from the violin was delicately streaming throughout the whole station. However, during the one-hour play, only six or seven people were truly appreciating the charming music. A three-year-old kid was so fascinated by the music that he forgot everything around. John only got 52 dollars for his work that day.
However, in normal days, when John is about to hold a concert, one ticket can be sold at more than 100 dollars and it is extremely hard to buy a ticket even at such a high price. Therefore, later, many passers-by in the station that day felt deeply regretful for not recognizing the famous musician and missing such a valuable but cheap music feast.
I have a very busy friend who had totally changed after knowing that his wife came down with incurable illness. He cooked by himself for the family and took a walk with his wife every day. Nonetheless, his wife still did not manage to conquer the illness and passed away after three months. After that, he often sighed miserably that due to his past busy life, he had missed a lot of beautiful time with his wife. But now, it is impossible to make up for it.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. We have missed a lot of precious things in our life without knowing to cherish them.
Actually, I also missed something precious before. The reason why we would have missed those precious things is less than simple: we had thought that we could still own them tomorrow.
Nevertheless, tomorrow is actually by no means reliable. There was a famous Buddhist monk saying that in many people’s lives, they have only done two things: waiting and regretting. The result is that they were always too late to cherish what they had before they lost it. We would often claim to do something when we grow up, or when we have money or when we become old, etc. However, when we reach the condition we have expected, we could no longer realize our wish, because we have lost it by then.
The reason why people often regret may be that _______.

A．they are too busy to notice the beautiful things

B．they are too careless to cherish precious things

C．they are lazy to observe the surroundings

D．they think that it’s none of their business

The idea the author would like to get across to us seems that _______.

A．actions speak louder than words

B．a bad beginning makes a bad ending

C．the lost will never come back

D．each day brings its own bread

What method does the author employ to support his opinion？

A．By listing data.	B．By comparing the details .
C．By explaining the procedures .	D．By taking examples.

How do we understand the underlined parts “waiting and regretting”?

A．Many people will not cherish what they have until they lost them.

B．Many people cannot do well until they get older.

C．Many people know what they are doing.

D．Many people regret for what they don’t possess.

A．Overhunting ocean animals	B．Killing endangered birds
C．Heavy air pollution	D．Global warming

A．Friends of the Earth	B．World Wide Fund For Nature
C．Greenpeace	D．BirdLife International

A．Environmental protection organizations	B．Global traffic problems
C．Endangered animals	D．Natural beauty