Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost (极度的) attention.” But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的).”
However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability(弱点) to climate hazards(危害)while still curbing (限制) the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
| A．Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. |
| B．Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming. |
| C．Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. |
| D．Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters. |
What do we learn about the Forum’s report from the passage?
| A．It was challenged by some climate and risk experts. |
| B．It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. |
| C．It was warmly received by environmentalists. |
| D．It caused a big stir in developing countries. |
What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum’s report?
| A．Its statistics look embarrassing. |
| B．It is invalid in terms of methodology. |
| C．It deserves our closest attention. |
| D．Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. |
What is Soren Andreasen’s view of the report?
| A．Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. |
| B．It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. |
| C．It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. |
| D．Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders. |
What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?
| A．How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. |
| B．How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. |
| C．How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. |
| D．How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. |
Few people would question the value of taking part in sports for young people．With proper training，supervision，protective equipment and techniques，and an proper emphasis on winning，sports can develop a healthy body and spirit and a life-long interest in being active and fit .Without such measures，childhood sports can lead to injuries and even paralysis or death．
Even in the best conditions，no activity can be risk—free．But most serious hazards are preventable．Cyclists and football players can reduce their risks by wearing helmets；hockey players by wearing masks；basketball and tennis players by wearing eye guards；baseball players by wearing batting helmets．
Besides，risks to individual players can often be found，and thus prevented，through a properly performed medical exam before a child plays．For accidents that may not be preventable，having an emergency plan and first-aid equipment，and someone trained to use the equipment，can be lifesaving．
Still，each year，according to the American College of Sports Medicine，more than 775,000 children under 14 are treated in emergency rooms for sports injuries，nearly half of them preventable．An estimated 300,000 athletes experience exercise—related head illnesses each year，and almost all of them should have been avoided．
Further，from half to three—fourths of sports-related concussions（脑震荡） are never even diagnosed；the injured are often sent back in to play too soon and put at risk of another more serious brain—damaging concussion．To help reduce these risks, the National Center for Sports Safety, with the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, offers a three-hour online safety course for coaches for $28 at www.SportsSafety.org.
68．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．All the accidents can be prevented．B．All the accidents cannot be prevented．
C．Lives can be saved so long as there is proper equipment．
D．Lives cannot be saved even if there is proper equipment．
69．What does the underlined word “hazards”(in paragraph 2)mean?
A．mistakes B．diseasesC．dangers D．situations
70．It is implied in the passage that．
A．prevention of injuries is not paid enough attention to
B．children under 14 are more easily hurt in sports
C．most head illnesses are related with exercise
D．none of the head illnesses should have happened
71．What can coaches mainly learn from the online safety course?
A．How to cure brain-damaging concussion．
B．How to diagnose brain-damaging concussion．
C．How to predict the possibility of brain damage．
D．How to deal with the injured properly．
A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring(后代) are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory(监管的) barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.
The 968-page final report, not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.
But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw(原始的) data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.
The report also admits that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.
“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based evaluation.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those subjects.
In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill for meat or milk. Instead, the expensive animals—replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born—will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.
When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.
64. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. FDA has waited for a long time to get this final report.
B. Products from cloned animals have been put into the market before.
C. People are having the products from cloned animals safely.
D. There have been once opposite opinions against cloned products.
65. What does the underlined word “wary” mean?
A. Disappointed. B. Careful. C. Fond. D. Proud.
66. It will be a few years before foods from clones come into the market, partly because _____.
A. people have little knowledge of the cloned animals
B. supporters can’t give powerful evidence to support that
C. the few cloned animals will first be used to create superior animals
D. they are a new generation for the customers and are too valuable for the customers
67. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. FDA officials encourage people to eat more food from clones.
B. FDA officials think the food from clones will sell better than ordinary food.
C. People only worry about the health problems when it comes to foods from the clones.
D. All the foods will not have detailed labels on them.
You know Australia is a big country, but you may not know how easy it is to get around. The untouched beaches that go for miles and deserts that touch the horizon are just there, waiting to be reached and explored. Following are the different ways you can explore our vast country.
Getting around Australia
Air
Flying is the best way to cover large distances in a short time. You can spend more time on the Australia’s can’t - miss landscapes and relaxing lifestyle. Moreover, competition among airlines makes great flying fees available for you.
Drive
Australia has a vast network of well - maintained roads and some of the most beautiful touring routes in the world. You have no difficulty finding car rental companies at major airports, central city locations, suburbs and attractions.
Bus
Bus travel in Australia is comfortable, easy and economical. Buses generally have air conditioning, reading lights, adjustable seats and videos. Services are frequent, affordable and efficient.
Rail
Train travel is the cheapest and gives you an insight into Australia’s size and variety, all from the comfort of your carriage. Scheduled services are a great way to get quickly between our cities and regional centers.
Ferry(轮渡)
The Spirit of Tasmania runs a passenger and vehicle ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania nightly. Extra services are running during summer rush hours. Sea - link ferries connect South Australia and Kangaroo Island several times a day. Ferries connect suburbs in our capital cities
Walk
With easy - on - the - feel pedestrian streets, walking is a great way to get around our cities.
Besides all of above, you can also experience some of the longest tracks and trails in the world in central Australia - impressive journeys of a thousand kilometers or more that can take several weeks to complete.
60. The underlined word "untouched" (in the 1st paragraph) means______.
A. secure B. special C. natural D. artificial
61. Which of the following is TRUE about traveling in Australia? ______.
A. More travelers make the flying fees among airlines higher than before
B. You can easily rent a car to explore its most beautiful touring routes
C. Taking a bus tour is the most comfortable, economical and efficient way
D. Train services can offer you more comfort than any other means of transport
62. Ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania usually runs ______.
A. only at night hours B. only during rush hours
C. several times a day D. between different cities
63. From the passage, we know that ______.
A. pedestrian walking is a great way to travel between cities
B. traveling in Central Australia is time - consuming
C. Central Australia has the world’s longest railway line
D. you have to walk over a thousand kilometers in Australia
第二部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven’t listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven’t listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven’t quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember-- despite the benefit of notes-- exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right--and that means listening.
Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effort actively. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification------ it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you’ll miss what the speaker is saying------ probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won’t know you’ve missed anything until it’s too late.
The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don’t interrupt. In fact it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well.
Above all be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It’s helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally important you should put yourself in the other person’s place, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don’t be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.
56. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Don’t be too cleverB. Be a good listener.
C. Don’t miss anything critical D. Think of the speaker
57. In the last paragraph, “…… what they are getting at ……” means________ .
A. what they imply B. what they like
C. what they attack D. what they achieve
58. What is the writer’s opinion?
A. If you want to be a good listener, you should be very clever and emotional.
B. Speakers won’t continue talking when their listeners explain what they’ve heard.
C. If you don’t want to get things wrong, it’s important to be a good listener,
D. It’s hard to be a good listener because listening tests you on your intelligence.
59. What is the lesson we can learn from this passage?
A. Don’t accuse others of not listening while talking with them.
B. Don’t get anything wrong if you miss what the speaker is saying.
C. Listening inattentively may cost you the loss of your success.
D. Think carefully of what you’re going to say before the speaker finishes.
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available world wide. Yet occurrence of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all users except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
63. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?
A. Only half of the world's water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
64. As indicated in the passage, the water problem _______.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. posed a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
65. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to __________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. Construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
66. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources