Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York, in 1852. His family were very poor farmers, and there was never enough to eat. Frank did not want to be a farmer. He took a short business course, and went to work as a salesman in a large city.
Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends（小商品）for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said “FIVE CENTS EACH’. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.
Soon afterwards, Woolworth opened his own store, selling goods at five and ten cents. But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful. That is, if you want to make money by selling low-price goods, you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories. Once, for example, Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order for knives. The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year. In this way, the price of the knives was cut down by half.
By 1919, Woolworth had over 1000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world. He always ran his business according to strict rules, of which the most important was : ‘THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT.”Frank took a short business course in order to __________.
| A．earn more money for his family | B．learn something from a salesman |
| C．get away from the farm | D．get enough to eat |
Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because ________.
| A．he knew how to get people to buy his goods |
| B．he cut down the price by half |
| C．he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way |
| D．the sign he put on the table was well designed |
The price of the knives was cut down by half because _________.
| A．the factory workers worked 24 hours a day |
| B．knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory |
| C．the knives were made in German, where labour was cheap |
| D．the knives were produced in one factory |
__________ make Woolworth a world-famous man.
| A．His business skills and his wealth |
| B．The low price of the goods he sold |
| C．His trip to Germany and his huge order of knives |
| D．His natural skill for showing things |
The belief that “The customer is always right” suggests that __________.
| A．whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shop assistant, the customers are always right. |
| B．If you want to succeed, the rule is the only way |
| C．stores must always follow the customer’s orders if they want to make more money |
| D．stores should do their best to meet the customer’s needs if they want to be successful |
Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use．This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives．
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so ．Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today．It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it brought about was typically localized．In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient．
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution．Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields．Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable．However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity．
What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050，yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions．
All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th．This will require radical（激进的）thinking．For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones．We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”．The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage．Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used．There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity．It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting, but we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity．
What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production．
72．How do people often measure progress in agriculture?
A．By its productivity B． By its impact on the environment
C．By its sustainability D．By its contribution to economic growth
73．What does the author think of traditional farming practices?
A．They have remained the same over the centuries
B．They have not kept pace with population growth
C．They are not necessarily sustainable
D．They are environmentally friendly
74．What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?
A．It will go through radical changes
B．It will supply more animal products
C．It will abandon traditional farming practices
D．It will cause zero damage to the environment
75．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To remind people of the need of sustainable development
B．To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production
C．To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress
D．To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is．
Twenty years ago, most experts believed that differences in how boys and girls behaved were mainly due to differences in how they were treated by their parents, teachers, and friends. It’s hard to cling to that belief today. Recent research has shown that there are biological differences between boys and girls. Understanding these differences is important in raising and educating children.
For example, girls are born with more sensitive hearing than boys, and the difference increases as kids grow up. So when a grown man speaks to a girl in what he thinks is a normal voice, she may hear it as yelling. Conversely (反过来), boys who appear to be inattentive in class may just be sitting too far away to hear the teacher.
Likewise, girls are better in their expression of feelings. Studies reveal that negative emotions are seated in an area of the brain called the amygdala. Girls develop all early connection between this area and the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), enabling them to talk about their feelings. In boys these links develop later. So if you ask a troubled adolescent boy to tell you what his feelings are, he often cannot say much.
Dr. Sax, an advocate of single-sex education, points out that keeping boys and girls separate in the classroom has yielded(产生) striking educational, social, and interpersonal benefits. Therefore, parents and teachers should try to recognize, understand, and make use of the biological differences that make a girl a girl, and a boy a boy.
68．What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Boys tend to pay less attention in class than girls.
B. Girls are better than boys in their ability to detect sounds.
C. Boys and girls behave differently because of biological differences.
D. Single-sex schools are not good because they keep boys and girls separate.
69．Why do girls express negative feelings better than boys?
A. Girls are more emotional than boys.
B. Girls have more brain cells than boys.
C. The amygdala is located in different areas of the brain for boys and girls.
D. The links between certain parts of the brain develop earlier in girls than in boys.
70．Which of the following does the author believe?
A. Girls need more training in communication.
B. Boys and girls should be educated in different ways.
C. Parents should pay more attention to boys.
D. Sex differences should be ignored in education。
71．What does the underlined phrase “cling to” in the first paragraph mean?
A. maintain B. abandon C. evaluate D. challenge
Top islands in the Mediterranean
Desiring a sun-and –sea summer holiday destination where you can also party the night away? Travel website TripAdvisor has come up with a list of the top islands in the Mediterranean sea. “All of these islands offer pristine (原始的) beaches and their own unique features,” said TripAdvisor spokeswoman Michele Perry. “Our travelers have identified the hot islands in the Med this summer, especially if you want sun, sea and dancing all night”.
Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus
Visit Aphrodite’s birthplace in the eastern Mediterranean. Beaches are the draw for many visitors to the island, but so is the nocturnal (夜间的) activity with Ayia Napa being the town to party in. According to one TripAdvisor traveler, “we would have to say the Troodos Mountains were our highlight. You will know what we mean if you take the journey. Breathtaking!”
Crete , Greece
As the former centre of the Minoan civilization, it’s no wonder that Crete features lots of historical attractions. Those in search of adventure on the largest Greek island can hike down Samaria Gorge for wonderful scenery. As one TripAdvisor traveler said, “Crete is an amazing place to explore ancient culture.”
Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain
Visit the party capital of Ibiza and feel honoured by joining thousands of revelers(狂欢者) at Privilege, the largest club in the world. Besides the vast nightlife, check out one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as God’s Finger, a large rock at the entrance of Benirras Bay.
Sicily, Italy
The largest island in the Mediterranean, Sicily has the three Cs—culture, cuisine and calm. Laden with orange and lemon orchards, the countryside boasts natural beauty, great for relaxing. One
TripAdvisor traveler recommended, “If you are in Sicily, go on the sunset tour off Mount Etna. You can see the steaming ground and smell the sulfur(硫磺).”
65. Where should you go if you like ancient culture?
A. Cyprus. B. Crete. C. Ibiza, Balearic Islands. D. Sicily.
66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. In Cyprus and Ibiza, Balearic Islands, you can enjoy various activities at night.
B. The largest island in the Mediterranean is part of Greece.
C. Perhaps you can read the passage on the Internet.
D. God’s finger is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
67. What is a common feature of the places mentioned in the passage?
A. They have a lot of historical attractions.
B. They all boast natural beauty and natural resources.
C. They offer sun, sea and dancing all night.
D. They are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Prince Charles yesterday promised to reduce the royal impact on the environment through sweeping changes to his personal lifestyle and official schedule．The prince will replace carbon-heavy private jets and helicopters with scheduled flights and train services．
The move came as Prince Charles urged business leaders to publish the environmental pact of their activities．
He said, “Few accountants and business decision-makers ask, ‘How much of our critical natural resource is left? How many miles of polar ice cap has our business helped melt this year? By how many inches have we raised sea levels? How many species have we put at risk? How many homes will be flooded, how many people will die of thirst or starvation because of our activities? ’ These are not comfortable questions, but, by God, they need to be asked．”
He added, “At the moment these costs do not appear in anyone’s books… Yet they are real, they are incurred now and in a relatively short time, the damage being caused may be beyond remedy．” He said the world was “running up the biggest global credit card debt in history, but with little or no thought for how the bill will ever be paid”．
Flanked by the prime minister and business and community leaders at St James’ Palace, the prince said his new “accounting for sustainability” project would give consumers the power to choose products that caused less damage to the planet．
Duchy Originals, the prince’s food company, is taking steps to work out how much carbon dioxide and other green-house gas are emitted in growing, processing and distributing its products．The changes to the prince’s travel arrangements announced yesterday are part of a wider review of the carbon footprint associated with activities at all three of his residences．Clarence House in London, Highgrove and Birkhall on the Balmorals estate（庄园）, as well as the activities of his 21 personal and 105 full-time staff．Measures include a review of electricity use, commuter and other staff travel and are intended to identify further reductions in carbon dioxide emissions．The review will report in June , when Clarence House will announce annual targets to reduce carbon emission．
60．One of the moves Prince Charles will take to reduce the royal impact on the environment is ______．
A．taking private jets that are not carbon-heavy
B．taking helicopters instead of private jets
C．taking trains instead of scheduled flights
D．taking scheduled flights instead of helicopters
61．How does Prince Charles feel about business leaders in terms of environmental protection?
A．Dissatisfied． B．Disappointed． C．Doubtful． D．Impatient．
62．In response to Prince Charles’ calls, Duchy Originals will ______．
A．make as much green food as possible
B．cut down its cost
C．figure out its greenhouse gas emission
D．continue its greenhouse gas emission
63．The underlined phrase in paragraph 4 probably refers to ______．
A．the great amount of waste produced by industry
B．the great damage caused to the environment
C．the great amount of debts of the royal family
D．the high cost of industry in their producing process
64．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Prince Charles Promised Greener Royal Lifestyle
B．Better Late than Never
C．Prince Charles and His Concern for Environment
D．The Royal Family Has a Role to Play in Environment Protection
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）K_S_5_U
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。
When I was a boy every holiday that I had seemed perfect. My parents took me by train or by car to a hotel by the sea. All day, I seem to remember, I played on the sands with strange exciting children. We make sandcastles with huge yellow walls, and watched the incoming tide destroy them; we splashed each other in the water and shrieked with excitement. When the tide went out, we climbed over the slippery rocks and stared down at the fish and the seaweed in the rock-pools.
In those far-off days the sun seemed to shine constantly and the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country, exploring ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees that overhung streams. There were always sweets in one’s pockets or convenient places where one could buy ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time.
Although I am now an adult, my idea of a good holiday is much the same as it was. I still like the sun and the warm sand and the sound of waves breaking on the beach. I no longer wish to build sandcastles and I dislike sweets instantly, but I look forward to sitting down to a good meal and a bottle of wine in the evening.
I think, too, that I prefer spending my holiday abroad. I want to smell different smells; I want to see different kinds of trees, flowers and birds; and I also want to see people with different colored skins, wearing different kinds of clothes. Above all, I want to hear a different language spoken and listen to different musical rhythms from those I am used to.
But I still need my companions----not, of course, to play on the sands and eat ices with, but to drink with and talk to on warm moonlit nights.
Sometimes I wonder what my perfect holiday will be when I am old. All I shall want to do then, I expect, will be to lie in bed, reading books about children who make sandcastles with huge yellow walls, who watch the incoming tide, who make themselves sick on too many ices…
56. Where did the author mostly spend his holidays when he was young?
A. In the countryside. B. On the beach. C. In the mountains. D. On the sea.
57. What does the underlined word “shrieked” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. shouted B. swam C. struggled D. surfed
58. What now interests the author as an adult is ____.
A. to enjoy a nice dinner B. to spend his holiday sunbathing
C. to chat with someone D. to experience a foreign culture
59. When the author grows old, he expects that ____.
A. he will read more books about children
B. he will lie in bed without worrying about anything
C. he will bring back wonderful childhood memories from a book
D. he will make sandcastles with his children