阅读下面短文并回答问题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
When your toothbrush is at the end of its days, don’t just throw it away, as a survey has revealed many other uses for an old toothbrush.
The survey was carried out by the Dental Health Foundation to promote National Smile Month and more than 1, 000 people participated in the survey. It found that more than four in every five people re-use their toothbrush for another purpose.
Four in ten people use an old toothbrush to brush bathroom tiles (瓷砖), and almost a third use it to clean kitchen appliances. More than a quarter of those questioned use old toothbrushes to clean jewellery, and roughly one in every five use them for shining shoes. Some other uses for toothbrushes include cleaning bikes, computer keyboards, toilet seats, fish tanks and finger nails.
The survey also found that the age of the owner can determine what happens to a toothbrush after it is not suitable to be used to brush teeth any more. People over 75 are three times more likely to re-use their toothbrush for a different purpose than those between the ages of 16 and 34 and twice more likely than those between 35 and 44.
Additionally, to reuse their toothbrush for chores (日常琐事) and other uses than their male counterparts. Some women admitted to using their toothbrush to apply hair dye (染料)while some men said they used an old toothbrush to clean their dog’s teeth.
Chief Executive of the British Dental Health Foundation, Dr Nigel Carter, said, “We all should get through around four toothbrushes every year if we are to keep our oral health in great condition. Generally people don’t change their toothbrushes often enough, but there are still plenty of toothbrushes
lying around the house. Our survey has shown that people have realized that a toothbrush is of great value and has a role to play beyond its normal use.”What would be the best title for the passage? (no more than 10 words)
What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? (no more than 2 words)
What percentage of people use old toothbrushes to shine their shoes? (no more than 4 words)
Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
The results of the survey also showed that whether a toothbrush is reused after it’s replaced can be determined by the owner is. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.
| A．the first year | B．the second year | C．the third year | D．the fourth year |
The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.
| A．reach their normal level | B．become confident |
| C．walk with long steps | D．get bored |
The author of this passage holds the view that ______.
| A．teachers will perform better with time passing |
| B．ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later |
| C．teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years |
| D．a master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness |
Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?
| A．Students fell secure, so they respond better. |
| B．Teachers sympathize with students of their own race. |
| C．There are entirely some other identified reasons. |
| D．The reasons are far from clear and definite. |
Which of the following may serve as the best title?
| A．The Quality of Teaching |
| B．Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning |
| C．Different Sorts of Measurement Issues |
| D．Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model |
Sagrada Familia ( 2,056,448 visits/year)
Opening hours: 09:00—18:00 (October—March); 09:00—20:00 (April—September)
Admission: $ 11, or $ 10 with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled Access: Yes.
The temple have been under construction since 1882 and they’ve still got another 30 to 80 years to go before it will be finished. The project’s vast scale and its special design have made it one of Barcelona’s top tourist attractions for many years.
La Pedrera (1,133,220 visits/year)
Opening hours: November—February: 09:00—18:30; March—October: 09:00—20:00
Admission: $ 9.50. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled Access: No.
This building used to be called Casa Mila but nowadays it’s more commonly known as La Pedrera. It is a unique modernist building in Barcelona and was made of bricks and had colorful tiles (瓦). It was built between 1906 and 1912 by famous Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi (1852—1926) and in 1984 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site with other Gaudi buildings in Barcelona. Visitors to La Pedrera can see the amazing 800 square meters attic with 270 brick arches that give you a feeling that you are walking inside the skeleton (骨架) of a whale. The roof is equally impressive and is preserved exactly the way that it was built in 1912 with six staircases and seven chimneys each made in a unique style.
Barcelona FC Museum (1,032,763 visits/year)
Opening hours: 6th April—4th October: (Monday to Saturday) 10:00—20:00; the rest of the year: 10:00—18:30
Admission: $ 8.50 for entry to the museum and $ 17 for a guided tour.
Disabled Access: Yes.
When you buy your ticket you have two options. You can buy a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or you can buy a dual (双的) ticket for $ 15 where you get to see the museum and the scenes at the club.
Miro Museum (518,869 visits/year)
Opening hours: Check the web site for details as they vary depending on the time of the year.
Admission: $ 8. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled Access: Yes.
This museum has a wide range of Miro’s work dating back as far as 1914. This artwork collection not only includes his paintings but also a good selection of sculptures (雕塑).
L’Aquarium de Barcelona (1,375,271 visits/year)
Opening hours: 09:00—19:00 (October—March); 09:00—20:00 (April—September)
Admission: $ 7. Save 10 % on the entrance fee to the aquarium with the Barcelona Card.
Barcelona Aquarium is a popular Barcelona attraction to take the kids and young ones. I have to admit I love the aquarium.
Picasso Museum (887,958 visits/year)
Opening hours: Check the website for details as they vary depending on the time of the year.
Admission: $ 9 for main exhibition—extra for special showings. Save 50% with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled Access: Yes. The museum has arranged Picasso’s paintings in chronological order from his early days to his final works. Arranging the paintings in this way gives you a fascinating insight into the development of Picasso thinking over time and shows how he developed the distinctive designs that he is famous for today. Very popular art gallery. Which of the following attractions is the most popular with people?
| A．Sagrada Familia | B．La Pedrera |
| C．Barcelona FC Museum | D．Picasso Museum |
What do we know about the tourist attractions mentioned in the above passage?
| A．Sagrada Familia is the largest building in Barcelona. |
| B．La Pedrera is well-known for its colorful material. |
| C．Barcelona FC Museum may attract football fans. |
| D．Miro Museum was built in 1914. |
If you visit the stadium and the club with a tour guide in Barcelona FC Museum, you should pay ________.
| A．$ 25.5 | B．$ 32 | C．$ 42.5 | D．$ 34 |
What do the attractions have in common?
| A．They are all famous for their architectural style. |
| B．They are available for the disabled people. |
| C．Their opening hours are changeable in different seasons. |
| D．Tourists can have a discount of 20% with the Barcelona Card. |
On a number of drives throughout my childhood, my mother would suddenly pull over the car to examine a flower by the side of the road or rescue a beetle from tragedy while I, in my late teens and early twenties, sat impatiently in the car.
Though Mother’s Day follows Earth Day, for me, they have always been related to each other. My mom has been “green” since she became concerned about the environment. Part of this habit was born of thrift (节俭). Like her mother and her grandmother before her, mom saves glass jars, empty cheese containers and reuses her plastic bags.
Mom creates a kind of harmonious relationship with wildlife in her yard. She knows to pick the apples on her trees a little early to avoid the bears and that if she leaves the bird feeders(给食器) out at night, it is likely that they will be knocked down by a family of raccoons (浣熊). Spiders that make their way into the house and are caught in juice glasses will be set loose in the garden.
I try to teach my children that looking out for the environment starts with being aware of the environment. On busy streets, we look for dandelions (蒲公英) to fly in the wind; we say hello to neighborhood cats and pick up plastic cups and paper bags. This teaching comes easily, I realize, because I was taught so well by example. Mom didn’t need to lecture; she didn’t need to beat a drum to change the world. She simply slowed down enough to enjoy living in it and with that joy came mercy and an instinct for protection.
I am slowing down and it isn’t because of the weight of my nearly forty years on the planet, it is out of my concern for the planet itself. I’ve begun to save glass jars and reuse packing envelopes. I pause in my daily tasks to watch the squirrels race each other in the trees above my house.
Last summer, in the company of my son and daughter, I planted tomatoes in my yard. With the heat of August around me, I ate the first while sitting on my low wall with dirt on my hands. Warm from the sun, it burst on my tongue with a sweetness I immediately wanted to share with my mom.. Why does the author say Earth Day is connected with Mother’s Day?
| A．Because Mother’s Day falls shortly after Earth Day. |
| B．To stress that all the older women in her family are environmentalists. |
| C．To stress how much her mother cares about the environment. |
| D．Because her mother shows her how to be friendly to nature on Mother’s Day. |
. Which of the following is NOT related to Mom’s “green life”?
| A．Rescuing a beetle from a certain tragedy. |
| B．Saving glass jars, empty cheese containers. |
| C．Setting a caught spider free in the garden |
| D．Picking dandelions on busy streets. |
. We can infer from the article that ______.
| A．the author realizes that she should teach her children by example as well |
| B．the author’s mother knows how to get rid of the wildlife in her yard |
| C．the author believes that only by learning to slow down can we enjoy life |
| D．the author’s mother used to lecture her to protect the environment. |
. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
| A．Tomatoes make the author think of her mother. |
| B．The author likes eating tomatoes planted by herself. |
| C．Planting tomatoes is a way of protecting environment. |
| D．The author really appreciates her mother’s teaching. |
. The writer’s attitude towards her mom’s behavior changed in the order of ______.
| A．understanding — critical — approving |
| B．approving — doubtful — negative |
| C．negative — understanding — approving |
| D．doubtful— critical— positive |
Many people look fondly at their school days. a lot of these memories are often attached to events that have little to do learning, many people are surprised by how much they miss being in the and actually learning something new.
Although most people feel that their lives would be by going back to school for further study, some people find that their busy schedules would make this . However, with the rise of technology like the , it is now easier than ever to continue feeding your mind without obligations like family and work. This is due to the rise of online education options.
Online education is a subset of what is known as electronic learning or e-learning. All that you need to successfully use online education is to a computer that has an internet . There are so many online education options, it is quite common for colleges to online education courses to assist people who are in distance education.
The main of online education is that it allows you to at your own pace and on your own time. Depending on the nature of the courses, online education will provide you with a certain time for you to compete it .
One of the biggest of online education is that it does not provide you with the face-to-face interaction with a teacher. But you can with other students through the use of discussion boards, messaging programs, and web-conferencing programs.
As people become busier, online education has in popularity. It has greatly improved the number of services it provides and is considered a great education option. So if you are busy but your mind is still more of a challenge, you may find that online education is the perfect food for your mind!
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Americans consider baseball as an American sport. They often refer to something being “as American as baseball and apple pie”. But is baseball really an American sport? And what are origins of baseball anyway?
The American game of baseball more than likely came from several European ball games. Russia had an early form of baseball and so did Germany and Romania. People in England played a game called “stool ball”. In this game, the pitcher(投手)tried to hit a stool(凳子)or chair with a ball and the batter(击球手)used a stick to keep the ball away. But American baseball was most likely based on another English game, which is called “rounders”. Players use a soft ball rater than a hard ball while playing rounders.
So when was the first real game of “baseball” played? It seems that it took place in the 1840s. The father of baseball was Alexander Cartwright, who organized a baseball club in New York. Cartwright developed 20 rules that distinguished baseball from previous ball games.
In 1858, the first organized baseball league—the National Association of Baseball players—was formed. This league began charging fans to watch the games. However, the players were all amateurs and did not get paid . In 1869, the Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay their players. Since they could hire the best players, Cincinnati won 57 games and lost none in their first season. As a result, other teams decided to hire players too. By 1871, the National Association was the first professional baseball league.
Today baseball is liked very much in America. Top professional baseball players earn millions of dollars each year. There are two professional leagues—the National League and the American League. The best teams from these two leagues compete for the baseball championship every year.81.What do Americans think of baseball? (No more than 3 words)2’
82. Why was Alexander Cartwright called “the father of baseball ”?(No more than 16 words).3’
83. Where did the American baseball most probably come from?(No more than 5 words).2’
84.What does the passage mainly talk about?(No more than 5 words).3’