It's not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centers are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
And they came across astonishing results—it was found that infants had “social brains” and focused not just on their mothers but on social 1ife in groups as well,
“They communicate with more than one baby at once,and show jealousy and generousness,”said Professor Bradley.
He added,“They develop their own meanings through group interaction,they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles,such as leaders and followers.”
“A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn(内向的),but put that same baby in a group of its peers(同龄人)and they behave and interact like any other baby.”
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted.“Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship,assuming that is the single foundation for mental health.but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers:fathers,siblings,grandparents and those taking care.Therefore。the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a‘ group approach’.”said Bradley.
Phoebe Christison ,a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney’s inner west.said she often noticed what appeared.to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers.
She said,“Joel(10 months)and Isabella (11months)always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat.And babies definitely show jealousy.They push and touch each other,and copy what the other is doing.”A baby who has a depressed mother ____ .
A.tends to be a follower |
B.also enjoys group interaction |
C.has poor social ability |
D.pays more attention to its mother |
What can be inferred from the result of this study?
A.Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers. |
B.There’s no need of child-care centers at a11. |
C. Adults should include babies when having social activities. |
D.The normal infant-mother bond alone isn’t enough for the good mental health for babies. |
The underlined word “toddlers” in Para.8 can be replaced by_________
A.adults | B.infants | C.peers | D.groups |
The example given in the last paragraph proves that a baby________ .
A.is born to be friendly to other babies |
B.has interest in peers as well as in its mother |
C.may have emotional attachments to another baby |
D.shows jealousy and generousness as an adult |
Ben and his wife Susan were on their way to have dinner with their friends. It was a dark,windy night, and they did not know the way very well. They drove through a town until they found what they thought was the road to Dorling,where their friends lived. But it soon became clear that they were not on the road to Dorling at all. The road that they were on was getting narrower,and there were no other cars on it. The wind was blowing harder with every minute that passed.
They came to a small village .They drove past a church and then two houses without lights on. There was nobody about to tell them where they were,or where the road went. Just then,Ben saw a telephone box,twenty meters or so further on. While he walked back along the road to see if there was a name outside the church,Susan telephoned their friends and told them that they were still on their way.
Their friends were just saying that the dinner was already getting rather cold,when Ben came back to the telephone box,his head down against the wind. He said that there was a tree lying across the road,and that the telephone lines were down. Susan heard nothing more from their friends about the dinner.Some time later Ben and Susan found they took a wrong road because ________.
A.their friends lived nearer than they drove |
B.the road was getting narrower and their car alone was on it |
C.the hard wind made them get lost |
D.the road was not the same as before |
Ben went to the church to see if there was a name outside because ________.
A.he was sure to find some people who knew Dorling |
B.he hoped to get help from there |
C.he wanted to telephone his friends where they were |
D.he wanted to stay there for the night |
Susan could hear nothing more from their friends because ________.
A.the telephone lines were broken by a tree |
B.the strong wind made too much noise |
C.they got angry |
D.they had all left |
From the passage we know ________.
A.Ben and his wife often went out for dinners |
B.Ben and his wife lived in the country |
C.both Ben and his wife were shortsighted(近视的) |
D.Ben and his wife seldom(很少) went to Dorling |
Everyone has got two personalities(性格)—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behavior(行为), but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back , you’re a very open person . You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas . You don’t like to upset people , so you never express your real feelings . You are quite shy and you aren’t very confident .
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive (不坦率的) person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn(顽固), but you aren't very ambitious(抱负的). You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up (卷曲), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive (防御性的). You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.Point out which sentence is used to show the personality of a person who is used to sleeping on his or her stomach?
A.He or she is careful not to make others angry. |
B.He or she doesn't want to stick to his or her opinion. |
C.He or she can't be successful in any business. |
D.He or she likes to bring others happiness. |
Maybe you don't want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up. Why?
A.He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you. |
B.He or she is rarely ready to help you. |
C.He or she prefers going out to staying at home. |
D.He or she wouldn't like to get help from you. |
It appears that the writer is possible to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because _______.
A.he or she always shows sympathy (同情) for people |
B.he or she is confident, but not stubborn |
C.he or she has more strengths than weaknesses |
D.he or she often considers annoying (使烦恼) people |
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son. Suddenly a crow (乌鸦) landed on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is that?”
The son replied, “That is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?”
The son said, “Father, I told you just now. It’s a crow.”
After a little while, the father asked his son the same question for the third time, “What is this?”
This time, the son said to his father in a low and cold tone, “It’s a crow, a crow.”
After a moment, the father yet again asked his son for the fourth time, “What is this?”
This time his son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? I have told you already, ‘ITIS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A minute later the father went to his room and came back with a diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page.
Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa when a crow suddenly landed on the window edge. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied him 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I didn’t at all feel angry, but instead felt affection for my son.
If your parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden(负担), but speak to them gently, and be kind to them. From today say this aloud, “I want to see my parents happy forever. They have cared for me ever since I was a little child. They have always showered me with love. I will take care of my old parents in the best way no matter how they behave.”The old man brought out the diary, which he had kept since his son was born, because ______.
A.he forgot what had happened |
B.he would like his son to read it |
C.it could remind himself of the past |
D.he wanted to find what a crow was |
The underlined word “affection” (last but one Para.) probably means______.
A.puzzle | B.hatred(恨) | C.worry | D.love |
The writer mainly intends to ______ .
A.tell us the function (作用) of a diary | B.call on us to love our parents |
C.teach us what a crow is | D.introduce a pair of son and father |
If you are invited to a party by the Austrians and the suggested dress is "informal(非正式的)" (usually marked in the lower left-hand coner of the invitation) , it may mean dark suit and a white shirt for men and cocktail dress( 短短服) for women. Or again, may mean something considerably less formal. "Formal" means a black tie and evening dress for men and a floor-length dress for women. If a man is in doubt(拿不准) about what to wear, he may come slightly overdressed and then take his coat and tie off when he sees that others are wearing sports shirts. National dress is always acceptable.If a lady receives an invitation marked with "formal", she should wear
A.a long dress | B.a cocktail dress | C.a short dress | D.a dark suit |
Suppose you are a man invited to an informal party by an Austrian, you'd better .
A.wear dark clothes and dark suit |
B.dress yourself in a dark suit and a white shirt |
C.wear a coat and so on |
D.wear sports shirts |
The general idea of this passage is .
A.men and women should be dressed differently |
B.national dress is always useful |
C.what to wear if a person is invited to an Austrian party |
D.men and women should dress themselves beautifully |
The meaning of "overdressed" is .
A.dressing oneself a little too formally | B.dressing oneself a floor-length dress |
C.wearing one's tie | D.dressing a sports shirt |
Mrs Smith's husband went off on a business trip to Australia. He wanted to catch the 3:30 plane to Darwin. She was very surprised when he telephoned her at 5 o'clock and said that he was still at the airport.
"What happened?" asked Mrs Smith.
"Well," said Mr Smith, "everything was going fine. I got my ticket, checked my luggage and waited in line at the gate. I walked across the runway to the airplane and I saw my friend Jack Scott. Jack was an airplane engineer. I shouted to him and a policeman caught me."
"Why did he catch you?"
"I don't know," said Mr Smith," All I said was ‘Hi, Jack! '"
The word "hijack" means "to take control of a plane by force".Why did Mr Smith want to fly to Australia? Because____________.
A.he was an Australian businessman |
B.he was leaving for Australia on business |
C.his wife wanted him to |
D.he wanted" to see his wife |
Mrs Smith was very surprised because
A.Mr Smith didn't arrive in Darwin | B.Mr Smith telephoned her later |
C.Mr Smith didn't leave the airport | D.Mr Smith was in Darwin |
Mr Smith couldn't get on the plane because
A.he met with his friend Jack |
B.he didn't get the ticket |
C.there was something wrong with the airplane engine |
D.he was stopped by a policeman |
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.The police didn't know Mr Smith was Jack Scott's friend. |
B.Jack Scott worked as an airplane engineer. |
C.The policeman misunderstood Mr Smith. |
D.Mr Smith knew why the policeman caught him. |
Why was Mr Smith caught by the policeman?
A.Because he didn't keep silence at the airport. |
B.Because he greeted an airport engineer named Jack. |
C.Because the pronunciation of "Hi, Jack" has another frightful meaning. |
D.Because the policeman didn't know English. |