Eating a diet high in processed（经过加工的） food increases the risk of depression（抑郁）, research suggests. What's more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants（参与者） into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined（精制的） grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood（全天然食物） had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.（解释原因） He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean(地中海) diet was associated（有关） with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood （可能）of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming （消费）less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated（饱和） fats and sugars. The text is mainly about______.
| A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population |
| B．the link between processed food and depression |
| C．the relationship between physical and mental health |
| D．the emotional state of the British People |
What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said?
| A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. |
| B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. |
| C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. |
| D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that______.
| A．our diets are closely related to our mental health |
| B．the present study needs more facts and other information |
| C．the UK population will become ill in the near future |
| D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
Why might the author have written this text?
| A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. |
| B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. |
| C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. |
| D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
Mike Maietta was eating lunch when he got a text message from his mom.
“Notre Dame,” it said. “Big envelope!”
Mike, a senior at a Californian high school, shouted with joy. The big envelope meant that the excellent university in Indiana had offered him a place in its Class of 2013. But the $51,300 annual fee is a big trouble. So Mike and his parents are considering offers from several other colleges and are figuring out the costs of tuition, housing and holiday trips home.
This year, money is the driving factor(因素) for a growing number of high school seniors, who have to decide what colleges to attend this fall. Less jobs and house prices have changed family spending.
“We’re excited that Mike got into eight great schools,” said Mike’s father, an engineer at Microsoft. “But if you consider going to school out of state, you’ve got to think about all of the other costs: moving, flying back and forth for the holidays. You’re looking at about $3,000 a year, just for travel.”
As families weigh their choices, some are going back to financial aid offices hoping help packages can be increased.
Rachel Brown was happy to get a thick envelope from New York University (NYU). Although she has always wanted to live in Manhattan, she is seriously considering the University of California San Diego (UCSD), because of the high cost in New York.
“The tuition for NYU is twice as much as UCSD,” said Rachel, 17. “My mom doesn’t want me to have a big debt when I graduate, and I don’t want that either. I’d have to take out a loan of $15,000. I’ll check and see if there’s any way that NYU can offer me any financial aid.”
More than 7.6 million American students have filled out the Free Application for Students Aid, 19.9 percent increase over last year.
This month the Federal Department of Education urged college financial aid officers to give more help to certain families. A record 30,428 students applied for 2,300 places at Stanford, partly because the university increased financial aid for families earning below $10,000.Mike may give up Notre Dame because of ______.
| A．travel fees |
| B．financial concerns |
| C．poor exam results |
| D．worries about living far away from home |
The phrase “Big envelope” in paragraph 2 probably refers to“______”.
| A．A text message | B．A large gift package |
| C．An admission letter | D．A scholarship letter |
What can we learn from the passage?
| A．The number of American senior students applying for financial aid is increasing. |
| B．Rachel Brown has given up NYU because of its high tuition and big debts. |
| C．It is inevitably hard for college students to borrow money to cover costs. |
| D．An interest-free loan for students helps more students apply for Stanford. |
The passage mainly focuses on ______
| A．the calculation of different costs including tuition |
| B．the extremely hard financial situation in America |
| C．the excitement of students’ being able to enter ideal colleges |
| D．the financial crisis of families over college entrance |
Adventure Vacations
People like different kinds of vacations. Some go camping. They swim, fish, cook over a fire and sleep outside. Others like to stay at a hotel in an exciting city. They go shopping all day and go dancing all night. Or maybe they go sightseeing to places such as Disneyland, the Tai Mahan or the Louver.
Some people are bored with sightseeing trips. They don’t want to be “tourists”. They want to have an adventure--a surprising and exciting trip. They want to learn something and maybe help people too. How can they do this? Some travel companies and environmental groups are planning special adventures. Sometimes these trips are difficult and full of hardships, but they’re a lot of fun. One organization, Earth watch, sends small groups of volunteers to different parts of the world. Some volunteers spend two weeks and study the environment. Others work with animals. Others learn about people of the past.
Would you like an adventure in the Far North? A team of volunteers is leaving from Mormons, Russia. The leader of this trip is a professor from Alaska. He’s worried about chemicals from factories. He and the volunteers will study this pollution in the environment. If you like exercise and cold weather, this is a good trip for you. Volunteers need ski sixteen kilometers every day.
Do you enjoy ocean animals? You can spend two to four weeks in Hawaii. There, you can teach language to dolphins. Dolphins can follow orders such as “Bring me the large ball.” They also understand opposites. How much more can they understand? It will be exciting to learn about these intelligent animals. Another study trip goes to Washington State and follows orcas. We call orcas “killer Whale”, but they’re really dolphins—the largest kind of dolphin. This beautiful animal travels together in family groups. They move through the ocean with their mothers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers. Ocean pollution is chasing their lives. Earth watch is studying how this happens.
Are you interested in history? Then Greece is the place for your adventure. Thirty-five hundred years ago a volcano exploded there, on Santorum. This explosion was more terrible than Karate or Mount Saint Helens. But today we know a lot about the way of life of the people from that time. There are houses, kitchens, and paintings as interesting as those in Pompeii. Today teams of volunteers are learning more about people from the past.
Do you want a very different vacation? Do you want to travel far, work hard and learn a lot? Then an Earth watch vacation is for you.The Tai Mahan may be _______.
| A．a shopping center | B．a hotel |
| C．a dancing hall | D．a place of interest |
From the passage, on an adventure trip, people ______.
| A．may not spend much time on sightseeing |
| B．won’t meet some difficulties or hardships |
| C．can’t enjoy them |
| D．can’t learn something |
If you want to learn something about people of the past, you can _______.
| A．join the team to Hawaii |
| B．join the team to the Far North |
| C．join the team to Washington |
| D．join the team to Greece |
Which of the following is false?
| A．Some people find sightseeing trips boring. |
| B．Earth watch is planning all these special adventures. |
| C．The number of orcas is decreasing. |
| D．3 volcano explosions in all broke out 3, 500 years ago in Greece. |
Dear editor,
Mary is my friend and she is a very good-hearted girl. She’s always the first to help out others. But her habits make me mad sometimes and she just won’t change her ways. For most situations, that’s just fine with me, as I know it’s what make her who she is. However, sometimes it’s just so hard for me to bear her behavior. She has recently got a cellphone, but she often borrows mine to make calls. My phone has a chain with it. She always tries to open it like her own phone. I usually open it for her, but not always, as sometimes I’m driving my car, so she needs to get it out of my purse and open it herself.
This weekend we were at a party in a faraway village. She borrowed my cellphone. As it was cold outside, I let her take it outside without opening it. Now it’s broken because she didn’t open it properly. I wouldn’t be so mad, but over the weekend she also borrowed my car and never offered to pay for the gas, which made me very angry. She should have offered to pay for the gas. As I have mentioned, she’s the type to help out others when and where she can. Perhaps because of that, she thinks others should also do the same for her. Sometimes I just think she is very childish. I don’t want to hurt her, but I do want to let her know that not everyone can accept that. What should I do to let her know that?
Yours,
Lily What is Lily’s purpose in writing this letter?
| A．to advise us to be careful when making friends. |
| B．To tell others what kind of person Mary is. |
| C．To tell Mary what she thinks of her. |
| D．To ask for advice from an editor. |
We can learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
| A．Mary doesn’t have a cellphone |
| B．Mary doesn’t have any good habits |
| C．Lily is sometimes not pleased with Mary’s behavior |
| D．Lily has asked Mary to change her ways. |
What happened at the weekend party?
| A．Mary lost Lily’s chain. |
| B．Mary left before the party was over. |
| C．Lily’s cellphone was broken. |
| D．Lily had a quarrel with Mary. |
What kind of person is Mary?
| A．Friendly and beautiful. |
| B．Kind and careful. |
| C．Careful and childish. |
| D．Warm-hearted but childish |
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet , chat and go where we've never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line . _1____Imagine how you'd feel if you were in the other person's shoes.
For anything you're about to send: ask yourself,"Would I say this to the person's face ? If the answer is no ,rewrite and reread .____2__________
If someone in the chat room is rude to you , your instinct (本能 ) is to fire back in the same manner . But try not to do so ._____3________If it was caused by a disagreement with another member , try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
____4_____offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it's a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it is a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn't give you license to correct everyone else .___5_______At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those you have offended.
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex, and marital statues. unless you know the person very well , and both comfortable with sharing personal information, don't ask such questions.
| A．It's natural that there are some people who speak rudely or make online. |
| B．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you'd feel comfortable saying the words to the person's face. |
| C．Everyone was new to the network once. |
| D．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. |
E. When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake , point it out politely.
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.
“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.
This finding may seem counterintuitive(违反直觉的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(认知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker word and space reasoning.
Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates. What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking. |
| B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function. |
| C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers. |
| D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores. |
The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3 suggests:
| A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning. |
| B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning. |
| C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement. |
| D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking. |
From the passage we can learn that .
| A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning |
| B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily |
| C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics |
| D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores |
It can be inferred from the passage that .
| A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking |
| B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics |
| C．alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores |
| D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking |
The purpose of this passage is .
| A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking |
| B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking |
| C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning |
| D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette |