Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots.
Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants(抗氧化物). Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun’s ultraviolet(UV)(紫外线)light.
Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals(自由基)to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals.
Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.
The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It’s like sunscreen(防晒霜)for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else.
Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain’s function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently.
Don’t just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn’t the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust(废气), or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food.Which of the following not true?
| A．Antioxidants are responsible for plant colors |
| B．Plants use color to attract attention |
| C．Antioxidants can protect plants from UV light |
| D．Antioxidants help free radicals to attack plants |
In which order do the following facts occur?
a Wrinkled skin can be seen
b UV light causes free radicals to form
c Free radicals damage cells in our bodies
d The sun gives out UV light
| A．a,b,c,d | B．d,b,c,a |
| C．c,a,d,b | D．d,b,a,c |
We need extra help for fighting off free radicals from fruits and vegetables because ____.
| A．our bodies’ defences are not natural |
| B．we are too young to defend ourselves |
| C．our defences get weaker as we get older |
| D．our bodies’ built-in defences can only go away |
Which of the following can not cause free radicals to form?
| A．Colorful food | B．UV light from the sun |
| C．Polluted air | D．The body itself |
It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible （有责任的）for housework, but with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.
If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard themselves as unfit or unable persons. Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.
My daughter Carla’s fifth - grade teacher made every child in her class feel special. When students received less than a prefect test score, she would point out what they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.
You can use the same technique when you evaluate （评价）your child’s work at home. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about what he has done right, not about what he hasn’t done. If your child completes a difficult task, promise him a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.
Learning is a process（过程）of trying and failing and trying and succeeding. If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last.The whole passage deals with ________.
| A．social education | B．school education |
| C．family education | D．pre - school education |
The author thinks that________.
| A．there is no way to get children to help at home |
| B．the more encouragement and praise you give, the more responsible and helpful children will become |
| C．it is very difficult to make children responsible for housework |
| D．children can be forced to help with housework |
The article gives us a good suggestion about how to evaluate（评价）your child’s work at home. That is to ________.
| A．praise his success | B．promise him a trip |
| C．give him a punishment | D．promise him a ball game |
The author advises readers to________.
| A．learn from himself, for he has a good way of teaching |
| B．take pride in Carla’s fifth - grade teacher |
| C．do as what Carla’s teacher did in educating children |
| D．follow Carla’s example because she never fails in the test |
Having read the last paragraph, we can conclude that ________.
| A．pride goes before a fall |
| B．practice makes perfect |
| C．no pains, no gains |
| D．failure is the mother of success |
Rumour（谣言）is the most primitive way of spreading stories--- by passing them on from mouth to mouth. but civilized countries in normal times have better sources of news than rumour. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of confusion（混乱）, however, rumour appears and becomes widespread. At such times the different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio against the grapevine.
Especially do rumours spread when war requires control on many important matters. The normal news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people can not learn through legal channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up "news" wherever they can and when this happens, rumour grows.
Rumours are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is an interest about them. The reason is that the cleverly designed rumour gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims --- the fears, doubts, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. Pessimistic（悲观的）rumours about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious .Optimistic rumours about record production or peace soon coming point to self- satisfaction or confidence---and often to over- confidence.The author suggests that, in times of confusion, man often __________.
| A．stops regular news services |
| B．turns to primitive ways for support |
| C．distrusts his fellow man |
| D．loses complete control of himself |
The underlined word "grapevine" in Paragraph 1 probably means "__________”.
| A．rumour | B．newspaper | C．information | D．time |
The author states that during wartime the regular sources of news provide only __________ .
| A．false information | B．optimistic reports |
| C．limited information | D．pessimistic reports |
Which of the following statements is mentioned as a reason for people to repeat a rumour?
| A．They are too willing to believe. |
| B．They take an interest in rumour. |
| C．They have a strong desire to make a fool of other people. |
| D．They find some rumours reflect their own unexpressed beliefs. |
With the start of the new semester students around the country exchange their fun and fashionable clothes for boring school uniforms.
"The uniform makes us look like a bunch of clones, especially when we are doing morning exercises in the playground, "said Qing, a Senior 2 from a high school in Shanghai. "But we are not exactly the same from the top to the bottom. The boys wear different sport shoes and girls have different decorations ( 装饰品 )in their hair. These are the areas where you can express yourself" said Qing.
Although it might be strange for boys to talk about fashion, they do care about what they wear in school, especially shoes, according to Qing.
"Nike and Adidas basketball shoes, although they are still the must for many of my friends ,are becoming out-of-date,” added. He explained, "Since Liu Xiang ran so fast in Athens, running shoes are becoming popular in this autumn."
"Still in fashion are the various baseball caps and American-style T-shirts with random English words printed on them, "said Qing. "The accuracy ( 准确性 )of the written message isn't important. Often, the words are misspelt . Sometimes they do not even make sense “ Qing said with a smile.
Besides sports shoes and T-shirts, styles and colours of school bags are another opportunity for students to express their taste in fashion. Some bags are made more eye-catching by decorating them with small hanging dolls. Other fashionable items are the colourful drink contains which are now popular among girls this semester.
As in China, the new semester in the US also brings new fashion trends: shirts printed with Chinese words, necklaces with Hebrew ( 希伯莱 )or Hindi ( 印度的 )characters, and Brazilian jewelry, are all common in schools in Florida, according to Carmen Domingues, a high school student.What does "a bunch of clones”( Paragraph 2)mean?
| A．All of the clothes are the same. | B．All of the exercises are the same. |
| C．All of the clothes are different. | D．All of the exercises are different. |
How do the students express themselves in school?
| A．The girls wear different sport shoes. |
| B．All the students wear school uniforms. |
| C．The girls have different decorations in their hair. |
| D．The boys drink water from colourful drinks containers. |
Why are Nike and Adidas basketball shoes becoming out-of-date?
| A．Because the shoes are not eye-catching. |
| B．Because running shoes become more popular. |
| C．Because the shoes have been popular for a long time. |
| D．Because they have changed their opinions for Liu Xiang. |
Which of the following is NOT the new fashion trends in the US?
| A．Necklace with Hebrew or Hindi characters. |
| B．Baseball caps and American-style T-shirts. |
| C．Shirts printed with Chinese words. |
| D．Brazilian jewelry. |
A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers. “Last week,” said he, “my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising ,but didn’t get it back ”
“How did you write your advertisement ?”asked one of the listeners ,a merchant .
“Here it is,” said the man ,taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read, “Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening a black silk umbrella .The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No 10 Broad Street .”
“Now ,”said the merchant, “I often advertise ,and find that it pays me well .But by the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance .let us try your umbrella again ,and if it fails ,I will buy you a new one. ”
The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote :“If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street .He is well known .”
This appeared in the paper ,and on the following morning ,the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in and his own was among the number. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter This is a story about ________.
| A．how a man lost and found his umbrella. |
| B．how to make an effective advertisement. |
| C．how to find lost things. |
| D．how to put an advertisement in the newspaper. |
“If it fails, I will buy you a new one ” suggested that _______.
| A．he was rich enough to afford an umbrella |
| B．he was not sure he would get the umbrella back |
| C．he was quite sure of his success . |
| D．he was ready to help others . |
The result of the first advertisement was that ________.
| A．the man got his umbrella back . |
| B．the man wasted some money advertising . |
| C．the man found his umbrella |
| D．someone found his umbrella . |
According to the first advertisement ,anyone who ___would receive ten shillings.
| A．left the umbrella in the City Church |
| B．found the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street |
| C．gave the message to the man |
| D．left the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street |
Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature．He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously．He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilization．He exterminates some species on a large scale, but favours the multiplication of others．In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million．
Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences．Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade, or that the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers’ wives would have led to Eastern Australian being overrun with forests of Prickly Pear? Who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coasts, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semidesert, with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient Greece?
These are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be found．We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were particularly interested．We see, owing to some little change brought about by civilization, the starling spread over the English country-side in hordes．We improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that now they exhaust the pastures which sufficed for less exigent stock．The following examples except ________ reflect man altering the balance of nature．
| A．man is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants |
| B．man is facilitating the spread of animals into new regions． |
| C．man is killing some species on a large scale |
| D．man is getting to know the importance of keeping the balance of nature． |
What had a piece of Canadian waterweed cause?
| A．Eastern Australian was overrun with forests． |
| B．Half the waterways of Britain blocked for a decade． |
| C．In parts of central Africa, the land reduced to a semidesert． |
| D．Disease-sleeping has been caused． |
What have spread diseases?
| A．Disease-sleeping sickness． | B．Measles． |
| C．Improved communications． | D．Malaria． |
We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds but __________
| A．some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies |
| B．rare kinds multiply |
| C．all bird multiply |
| D．no bird multiply |
The main idea of the passage is _________．
| A．that man is deliberately destroying the balance of nature |
| B．that man has foreseen the consequences of altering the balance old nature |
| C．that improved communications have changed history |
| D．that man is altering the balance of nature |