If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...", what follows that "but" can make the apology ineffective:"I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
Another means by which peaple appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
Then there is the general, all-covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that is particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not commit a person to any specific improvement.
These pseudo-apologies(假道歉) are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not take these pseudo-apologies.
But even when presented with examples of real apology, childfen still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in un- derstanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that destroying the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that
borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ________.
| A．the child may find the apology easier to accept |
| B．the child may feel that he owes her an apology |
| C． she promises never to do it again |
| D．she does not realize that the child has been hurt |
According to the author, saying "I am sorry you are upset" most probably means “_______”
| A．You have good reason to get upset |
| B．I apologize for hurting your feelings |
| C．I am at fault for making you upset |
| D．I am aware you are upset, but I am not to blame |
It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because _______.
| A． it is not clear and ineffective |
| B． it is hurtful and insulting |
| C． it may make the other person feel faulty |
| D．it gets one into the habit of making empty promises . |
We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry_______
| A．the complexities involved should be ignored |
| B．parents need to set them a good example |
| C．their ages should be taken into account |
| D．parents should be patient and tolerant |
It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is________.
| A．a sign of social,progress |
| B．not as simple as it seems |
| C．not necessary among family members. |
| D．a social issue calling for immediate attention |
Parents can usually tell if their children are lying to them, and so can teachers. Knowing if someone is lying can be useful. There are a number of behaviors that you can observe to help catch someone in a lie.
Eyes, windows to the soul, can provide information about whether you are hearing the truth or a lie. Here is a simple experiment. Ask a friend or a family member to imagine their mother with green hair. You should notice that their eyes look up to their left while they are imagining their mother. Then ask them to think about what they did this morning and their eyes will probably look up to the right. Basically, eye movement to the left indicates the person is imagining something that is not real or did not happen. When the eyes move up and to the right, the person is remembering something that actually happened. Body language is another way to see if someone is telling tales. A professional poker (扑克) player will probably tell you not to believe someone whose hands touch their face, throat, or mouth. It seems that when we are being less than truthful our hands want to cover our face in some way. It is unlikely that a liar (someone who tells lies) will touch their chest with an open hand.
Paying careful attention to how people talk can also help you catch someone in a lie. If a student is accused of copying homework, and is guilty, they are likely to get defensive. They may deny the copying and ask why the teacher does not like him or her, while an innocent person might be expected to take the offensive, explaining for example, how they got the ideas for the homework and convincing the teacher to talk to someone who saw them do the homework.
You may also find a guilty person speaks more than is natural and adds lots of unnecessary details to their story in an attempt to convince you they are telling the truth. If you suspect this is happening, try changing the subject of your conversation quickly. A liar will happily follow your change of direction and will become more relaxed.
But remember: just because someone is showing one or more of the signs associated with lying does not necessarily make them a liar. Some other forms of stress other than lying may explain their behavior, and some people exhibit these signs as normal behavior. However, if you need to distinguish a lie from the truth, these tips could be a good start.When accused of copying, a student who cheats will try to ______.
| A．prove his innocence by giving a wild story |
| B．convince his teacher by taking offensive action |
| C．figure out whether the teacher considers him guilty |
| D．cover his lies by keeping changing conversation topics |
What is the best title for the passage?
| A．What causes people to lie |
| B．How a liar covers his lies |
| C．What tricks a liar uses |
| D．How to detect a lie |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Innocent people will not explain their stories in detail. |
| B．Touching mouth is an effective way to hide dishonesty. |
| C．Eye movement to the left indicates that the person is lying. |
| D．Liars favor a new topic in hope of their lies going undetected. |
How often do you use your car? Can you use your car less often? Do you know the following facts in the UK?
·About 50% of all car journeys are just for fun.
·Over 80% people go to work by car.
·25% car journeys are under two miles.
·70% car journeys are under five miles.
WALKING & CYCLING
Instead of using the car for short journeys, why not walk or ride a bicycle? Walking is a most popular form of exercise—it’s healthy and it can save you money. If you work nearby, try walking or cycling instead of driving. Walking your children to school gives them valuable road experience.
BUSES
Bus companies are using new buses: some run on new fuels which produce less pollution; some have easier access for disabled and old people. There are special traffic lanes (行车道)to make bus journeys easier and more reliable. So do something to help solve the pollution problem—let the bus take you to work and your children to school.
TRAINS
All car journeys, long or short, can be hard work. For some trips it is wiser to take the train. Leave your car at home and walk, cycle or take a bus to and from the station. Train travel is fast, safe and comfortable. Train tickets are not always expensive; some are quite cheap at discountHow many of car journeys are just for fun in the UK?
| A．25% | B．About 50% |
| C．70% | D．Over 80% |
The writer believes that ______ can give children valuable road experience.
| A．walking to school | B．traveling by train |
| C．taking new fuel buses | D．having car journeys for fun |
What is the main purpose of this passage?
| A．To advise people to use cars less often. |
| B．To encourage people to travel by train. |
| C．To teach people how to use the buses. |
| D．To tell people to obey traffic rules. |
Dear Editor,
I am writing to ask what has happened to our youth. They are not as polite, hard-working or clever as my generation. I will give you two examples.
Last Friday, I got on the underground at 9.15a.m. It was very busy so there were no free seats. There were some teenagers sitting on the seats nearest me. I didn’t know why they were not at school. They were talking loudly and laughing. It was difficult to read my newspaper with all the noise. A heavily pregnant(怀孕的) woman and her daughter got on at the next stop, with lots of shopping bags. I expected the teenagers to let them sit down. They saw the woman but did nothing. I had to ask them to give her a seat. They reluctantly(勉强地)did so but give me a rude look. I got off at the next stop and was glad that the teenagers didn’t follow me.
Last Saturday, I had dinner with my friend’s family. I was expecting to meet his children, who I hadn’t seen for ten years. During dinner, we started talking about world politics. It soon became clear that they didn’t know much. They couldn’t tell me the name of the King of Spain or the President of Italy. All they knew about was the Internet and which singers were the most beautiful. In my day, students knew the kings, queens and presidents of every country in Europe.
I worry about the future of Germany. How could these young people become responsible workers and parents? They sit around Macdonald’s after instead of going to the library like I did at their age. Maybe they have too much money. Perhaps another reader can give us an idea about what to do with this“lost generation”.
Franz Vogts
HamburgMr. Vogts writes this letter to the editor to _________.
| A．show how rude the teenagers are |
| B．complain the way some people act |
| C．express his worry about Germany’s future |
| D．show how lazy young people nowadays are |
When Franz Vogts met the teenagers on the underground, he_________.
| A．expected that they would make less noise |
| B．knew there was no hope for him to get a seat |
| C．felt he would meet with some trouble from them |
| D．thought they should have been studying instead of staying there |
Franz Vogts was not pleased at the dinner because_________.
| A．he was not politely treated |
| B．the children cared more about singers than him |
| C．the children did not know much about world politics |
| D．he had different opinions about the world from his friend |
By saying “lost generation”, Mr. Vogts refers to__________.
| A．the fact that he is angry with young people today. |
| B．the people at his age |
| C．his worry about these young people |
| D．today’s young people |
Most people like buying things by touching them on a store shelf. Many people begin to feel some goods as theirs when they touch them. They have “mine, mine, mine” feeling as little as 30 seconds after touching an object(物体).
In a study, some people were shown a cheap coffee cup, and were allowed to hold it for 10 seconds or 30 seconds. They were then allowed to buy it in either a closed or an open place. The people knew the real price of the cup before they began to buy.
If people hold the cup for a longer time, he will pay more for it. In fact, people hold the cup for 30 seconds pay more than the others. “The amazing part of this study is that people can become almost attached to something like a cup.” said James Wolf,”By touching the cup and holding it in their hands, they begin to feel the cup is theirs. Once they begin to feel it as theirs, they are willing to keep it.”
Many businessmen use this way to sell their things. For example, car sellers send the buyers out on test drives and pet shop owners encourage people to play with the dogs in the window. When you are testing out new cars, you are going to buy it at once. But you can do better if you get ready for it.Many people want to buy something which they can______ by themselves.
| A．see | B．touch | C．hear | D．look |
The _______ people hold the cup, the more they will pay for it.
| A．longer | B．shorter |
| C．more | D．less |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Many businessmen use this”touch” way to sell their things. |
| B．By touching the cup and holding it in their hands, many people begin to feel the cup is theirs. |
| C．If people hold the cup for a longer time, he will pay less for it. |
| D．Car sellers send the buyers out on test drives and pet shop owners encourage people to play with the dogs in the window in order to sell them. |
The main idea of this passage is_______.
| A．more and more people don’t care about the goods they want to buy |
| B．many people are willing to pay for the goods which they would like to hold |
| C．how do the businessmen sell their cars |
| D．people often buy something they don’t like |
What do you think of British people and American people? You might think that there are no differences between the people in the two countries. After all they speak the same language, don't they? But if you ask a British or an American person, the differences are quite great.
What do British people think Americans are like? The British think Americans are very strange. They make a lot of noise and they laugh too loudly. They are rich, and they only think about money. But the British do say that Americans are kind, friendly people. They are happy to help you if you are in trouble.
What do Americans think of the British? Well, they think the British are cold and very unfriendly. They are not interested in success or in making lots of money. They think Britain is the best country in the world. They look down upon other countries. But Americans say that the British are quite good workers. They are brave and honest. And in time of trouble they face difficulties happily.
You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans. But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：What do you think of the differences between British and American people?
| A．Their differences are very small. |
| B．The differences are very great. |
| C．There are no differences between them. |
| D．Some people think there are, but some people don’t think so. |
What do the British think Americans are like?
| A．They are strange but friendly. |
| B．They are poor. |
| C．They are rich but unfriendly. |
| D．They are happy in trouble. |
The American and British people usually get along quite well ____.
| A．when misunderstanding is caused between them |
| B．once they become friends |
| C．after they fight |
| D．when they help each other |