Albert Szent-Gyorgyi was born in Budapest on September 16, 1893. In 1911 he entered his uncle’s laboratory where he studied until the outbreak of World War One, when he joined the army. He served on the Italian and Russian fronts, and he was permitted to leave the army in 1917 after being wounded in action. He completed his studies in Budapest before he went to Hamburg for a two-year course in physical chemistry. In 1920 he became an assistant at a university in Leiden, the Netherlands and from 1922 to 1926 he worked with H. J. Hamburger at the Physiology Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands.
In 1926, Szent-Gyorgyi was ready to end his own life after an embarrassing problem in his career. The scientist, thirty-two, had written a paper and handed it to his boss for approval to publish. His boss threw it in the dustbin. Concluding his life was a failure, the young researcher quit. Unable to support his wife and child, he sent them home to her parents. His final wish was to attend one last scientific meeting, to be among scientists, to have one last good time. So he went to the 1926 International Physiological Society Congress in Sweden.
Sitting in the audience, lost in self-pity, Szent-Gyorgyi listened to the president of the society, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, refer to the fine work of a researcher: Szent-Gyorgyi! After the speech, collecting his courage, he introduced himself to Hopkins. The great man invited the young scientist to Cambridge to do further work.
Szent-Gyorgyi’s life changed. He discovered the oxidation-preventing (防氧化的) action of vitamin C. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He accounted for his success by saying that discovery is seeing what everyone else has seen but thinking what nobody else has thought.Which of the following is the correct order of the events relevant to Szent-Gyorgyi?
a. finished his studies in Budapest
b. served during World War One
c. worked with Hopkins
d. studied in Hamburg
| A．b, c, a, d | B．b, a, d, c | C．a, c, d, b | D．a, b, d, c |
Why did Szent-Gyorgyi want to end his own life in 1926?
| A．His pride was hurt by his boss. |
| B．He was not satisfied with his paper. |
| C．He couldn’t support his family. |
| D．His boss stopped him attending a conference. |
The passage is organized in the pattern of _____________.
| A．cause and effect |
| B．comparison and contrast |
| C．time and events |
| D．definition and classification |
Movie Music
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown(if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.
To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as ”pleasant”, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where on piece led into the next.
Certain films had music especially composed for them. The famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D.W Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.When the Lumiere films were shown in the United States ___.
| A．a band was playing there |
| B．a cellist was playing there |
| C．a pianist was playing there |
| D．a violinist was playing there |
From the context of the passage we can know that with the development of films ___ and became more important.
| A．the cinemas increased in number |
| B．the number of musicians grew |
| C．the time of concerts reduced |
| D．the conductor of a band was needed |
The musical cue sheet was used for ___.
| A．directing music accompaniments of silent movies |
| B．composing special music of a special movie |
| C．composing music for all kinds of concerts |
| D．showing directions how to get to a place |
What can be inferred from the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?
| A．They were truly “silent”. |
| B．They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras. |
| C．They incorporated the sound of the actors’ voices. |
| D．They corresponded to specific musical compositions. |
My son is growing up and it scares me. My chances of decrease day by day. I fear that my influence will be
by someone else. Still, I repeat the basics and the possible
in life to him even though he doesn’t want to
. And I keep my
that my guidance will save
of us.
I know that I haven’t lost him , not yet anyway, because of the
he gave me the other day when I
him off at school.
“I love you,” I said as always, as he took out his schoolbag. , he would say, “I love you, too. Bye.” But he didn’t this time, and I was OK with it. He’s fourteen; what can I
? Then he looked straight at me. “I love you,” he said
. He looked into my eyes to see that I had heard him.
His and the expression in his eyes happened unexpectedly. I couldn’t even believe my ears. I know him
than anyone else in the world. I could hear what he was not saying, “I love you, too, Mom. I wanted to say it back to you
yo u said it, but there were some people walking by and they might
me, and then teased(取笑) me. But I didn’t mean to
your feelings, and I didn’t want you to leave without hearing it, because I
do love you. Please
.”
I do understand. I understand that I can’t be with him or him every second. Now, I have tried to prepare us both for the separation since he is growing up.
A. guidance B. meeting C. criticism D. care
A. repeated B. reminded C. replaced D. remained
A. problems B. answers C. mistakes D. employments
A. listen B. study C. work D. attempt
A. review B. belief C. promise D. decision
A. neither B. each C. either D. both
A. completely B. quickly C. party D. exactly
A. letter B. gift C. look D. smile
A. took B. put C. saw D. rang
A. UsuallyB. Rarely C. Sometimes D. Never
A. imagineB. expect C. suppose D. think
A. quietlyB. loudly C. proudly D. sadly
A. clevernessB. feelings C. happiness D. words
A. fewerB. worseC. less D. better
A. whenB. untilC. unless D. before
A. stare atB. laugh at C. hear D. praise
A. influenceB. show C. hurt D. ignore
A. hardlyB. really C. greatly D. often
A. realizeB. understand C. recognize D. know
A. preventB. protect C. teach D. reject
When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying.
So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.
Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to work well. A study has found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.
Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendlier and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don’t even know we’re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying-holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering-can be bad for physical health, studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural-and healthy-emotional response.It can be inferred from the text that ___.
| A．there are two ways to keep healthy |
| B．crying does more good to health than laughing |
| C．laughing plays a more important role than crying |
| D．emotional health has a close relationship to physical health |
According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
| A．Crying is the best way to help from others. |
| B．Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. |
| C．We will never know our deep feeing unless we cry. |
| D．We must cry if we want to reduce pressure. |
What might be the most suitable title for the text?
| A．Power of Tears |
| B．How to Keep Healthy |
| C．Why We Cry |
| D．A New Scientific Discovery |
Biomass energy(生物能)，often forgotten as a promising alternative(替代物) to oil, received its day in the sun with the gathering of the Bio-Energy World Congress and Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, late in April, 1990. Nearly 1,700 scientists, businessmen, and policy-makers, one-quarter from the foreign nations, gathered for a week to discuss various means of squeezing usable energy out of trees, crops, manure, seaweed, algae, and urban waste. Biomass in the United States contributes 2.5 percent of the total supply, but this amount can be doubled by 2000 and then doubled again by the year 2010.
Eight percent of Sweden’s energy supply, for example, is presently coming from wood bark and pulp remainings. Sweden intends to raise this percentage by more intensive harvesting of waste food lying around in forests, and through the planting of so-called energy forests of fast-growing trees such as willow and birch.
Brazil is frequently pointed to as a nation with a major successful investment(投资) in energy coming from grains: it presently runs 330,000 automobiles on a water and alcohol(酒精) mixture, replacing 10 percent of its previous oil supply. Brazilian representatives(代表) at the conference said they wish to double this in five years, with a final goal of total replacement. Most of the cars are built at the factory to use the mixture, while older models are changed through low-cost government programs.In Line 2, the phrase “received its day in the sun” most probably means “___”.
| A．come to the public mind |
| B．had its turn in the sun light |
| C．was regarded as a solar energy |
| D．came from the energy of the sun |
Of the total supply in 2010, biomass in the U.S. will be ___ .
| A．5% |
| B．20% |
| C．10% |
| D．15% |
Which of the following is not regarded as biomass energy?
| A．Willow and seaweed |
| B．Wood and grains |
| C．Water and alcohol mixture |
| D．Crops and oil mixture |
A suitable title for this passage would be ___.
| A．An Energy Conference |
| B．Approval of Biomass Energy |
| C．Bio-Energy for Automobiles |
| D．Keys to Energy Crisis |
Computers are very important to modern life. Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday life. It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food. Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too.
Some people are glad about these new ways of shopping and communicating. Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways.
Let’s look at books, for example. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers. We will read texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time. We won’t need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved. Computerized(计算机化) books will be used more and more.
Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly. Maybe computers won’t change these two habits.In paragraph 1 it is thought people will use computers for ___.
| A．playing games, shopping and making telephone calls |
| B．making telephone calls, having meals and seeing films |
| C．seeing films, buying food, and going for holidays |
| D．playing games, making telephone calls and seeing the doctor |
Which reason for using computerizes books is NOT said in the passage?
| A．Computerized books won’t be very expensive. |
| B．Computers can keep many different books in them. |
| C．We won’t have lots of pages. |
| D．We won’t need any paper. |
Paragraph 4 tells ___.
| A．about the old and new ways of shopping and communicating |
| B．if the Internet will change our habits |
| C．about computerized books |
| D．about future uses of computers |
The title for this passage is ___ .
| A．Computers will replace shops and books |
| B．Computers are the future |
| C．Computers will do everything for man |
| D．How computers change our habits |