The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别）balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.
While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so， generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.
In school 3 boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people ? a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.
Our bias(偏见)toward girls9 either from families or from schools ，is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. Although the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls aren't as good at math 9 for instance 9 even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resources， exposure , and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.According to the passage ? not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because______.
| A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys |
| B．girls do not like to take science classes |
| C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM |
| D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions |
The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to______
| A．our bias | B．our culture | C．the situation | D．a sense |
The main purpose of the passage is to______.
| A．show women’s potentials in STEM fields |
| B．praise women’s contributions to STEM fields |
| C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields |
| D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields |
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
TIJUANA, Mexico – A powerful earthquake swayed (摇动) buildings from Los Angeles to Tijuana, killing two people in Mexico, blac
king out cities and forcing the evacuation (疏散) of hospitals and nursing homes. One California city closed off its downtown due to unstable buildings.
The 7.2-magnitude quake centered just south of the US border near Mexicali was one of the strongest earthquakes to hit region in decades.
"It sounds like it's felt by at least 20 million people," USGS seismologist Lucy Jones said. "Most of Southern California felt this earthquake."
Sunday afternoon's earthquake hit hardest in Mexicali, a commerce center along Mexico's border with California, where authorities said the quake was followed by at least 20 smaller aftershocks, including ones of magnitudes 5.1, 4.5 and 4.3.
"It has not stopped trembling in Mexicali," said Baja California state Civil Protection Director Alfredo Escobedo on Monday.
Escobedo said one man was killed when his home collapsed just outside of Mexicali and another died when he rushed into the street in panic and was struck by a car. At least 100 people were injured in the city, most of them struck by falling objects. Power was out in virtually the entire city.
Susan Warmbier was putting away groceries in the San Diego suburb of Chula Vista when her husband asked, "Is the house moving?"
Elsewhere in San Diego, there were reports of shattered windows, broken pipes and water main breaks in private buildings, but no reports of injuries, San Diego Fire-Rescue Department spokesman Maurice Luque said. Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed as a precaution.
Across the border in Tijuana, Mexico, the quake caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in some areas. No tsunami warning was issued, but hundreds of people on Tijuana's crowded beach feared the worst and fled when they felt the ground shake. What's the best title of the passage?
| A．A strong quake in Mexico, but no tsunami |
| B．A strong quake kills 2 in Mexico, frightens US states |
| C．A strong quake, downtowns closed off |
| D．A strong quake, buildings collapses |
The 7.2-magnitude quake .
| A．centered just south of the Mexico |
| B．was felt by 20 million people in Mexico |
| C．was felt by most of Southern California |
| D．was the strongest earthquakes to hit region in centuries |
Which is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Some cities had power failure after the quake. |
| B．One of the cities closed off its downtown because of the swaying buildings. |
| C．Many smaller quakes happened after the 7.2-magnitude one. |
| D．Hundreds of people on the beach died because of the tsunami. |
People got injured mostly .
| A．because they were in panic |
| B．because the power was out in the whole city |
| C．because of the falling objects |
| D．because they were buried under the falling objects |
Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed .
| A．to avoid further dangers |
| B．by the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department |
| C．as a reminding of the quake |
| D．to prevent the bridge from destroying |
There’s talk today about how as a society we’ve become separated by colors, income, city vs suburb, red state vs blue．But we also divide ourselves with unseen dotted lines．I’m talking about the property lines that isolate us from the people we are physically closest to: our neighbors．
It was a disaster on my street, in a middle-class suburb of Rochester Town, several years ago that got me thinking about this．One night, a neighbor shot and killed his wife and then himself; their two middle-school children ran screaming into the night．Though the couple had lived on our street for seven years, my wife and I hardly knew them．We’d see them jogging together．Sometimes our children would share cars to school with theirs．
Some of the neighbors attended the funeral（葬礼）and called on relatives．Someone laid a single bunch of yellow flowers at the family’s front door, but nothing else was done to mark the loss．Within weeks, the children had moved with their grandparents to another part of the town．The only indication that anything had changed was the “For Sale” sign in front of their house．
A family had disappeared, yet the impact on our neighborhood was slight．How could that be? Did I live in a community or just in a house on a street surrounded by people whose lives were entirely separate? Few of my neighbors, I later learned, knew others on the street more than casually; many didn’t know even the names of those a few doors down．
Why is it that in an age of low long-distance expenses, discount airlines and the Internet, when we can create community anywhere, we often don’t know the people who live next door? Maybe my neighbors didn’t mind living this way, but I did．I wanted to get to know the people whose houses I passed each day – not just what they do for a living and how many children they have, but the depth of their experience and what kind of people they are．
What would it take, I wondered, to break through the barriers between us? I thought about childhood sleepovers（在外过夜）, and the familiar feeling and deep understanding I used to get from waking up inside a friend’s home．Would my neighbors let me sleep over and write about their lives from inside their own houses?
72．The underlined word “this” in the second paragraph probably refers to the talk about ____．
A．how a society is divided by dotted lines
B．the property lines separating us from our neighbors
C．the couple’s death
D．understanding each other between neighbors
73．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description?
A．The husband killed himself．
B．The couple had the habit of jogging together．
C．Their children moved to live with grandparents after the couple’s death．
D．The author never knew the couple until they died seven years later．
74．From the last paragraph, we can infer that the author _____ in his childhood．
A．had once slept in the open air outside
B．had slept in his friend’s home more than once
C．had slept at home but woke up to find himself inside his friend’s home
D．used to live in his friend’s home
75．Following the last paragraph, the author will perhaps _____．
A．leave his home and began his writing career
B．sleep in the open air and write about his experiences
C．sleep in his neighbors’ homes and write about their family lives
D．interview his neighbors and write about their houses
Cellphone users in the United States have contributed more than $11 million to Haitian earthquake relief through text messages in what is being called as an unexpected mobile response to a natural disaster．
The Mobile Giving Foundation called it a “mobile-giving record” for funds raised for a single cause．Donations are rising swiftly, as former President Bill Clinton and other politicians urge the American people to give．
Jim Manis, chief officer of the organization helping to manage cellphone donations, said it was receiving up to 10,000 text messages per second．The foundation said more than $11 million has been donated．
Cellphone users can donate $5 to Haiti-born hip-hop musician Wyclef Jean’s Yele Haiti Earthquake Fund by texting the word “Yele” to 501501, or they can donate $10 to other nonprofit organizations, such as the American Red Cross, by texting the word “Haiti” to a specified number, like 90999．
The donation is charged to a user’s cellphone bill．
The American Red Cross said it has received more than $ 9 million in donations from more than 900,000 mobile phone users．
“It’s beyond our imagination that we’ve received this amount,” said spokeswoman Nadia Pontif．
Jean’s fund had raised $2 million via text messages, according to Give on the Go, Yele’s mobile application service provider．
The giving is also being fueled by the popularity of websites like Facebook and Twitter, where users are urging one another to make donations using cellphones．
Wireless carriers(无线运营商) Verizon Wireless, AT&T Inc．, Sprint and T-Mobile USA, a unit of Deutsche Telekom AG, have waived(免收) fees for customers wishing to send mobile donations．Carriers are also letting users know they are not taking a cut of the donations．
“There are no text messaging fees and 100% of the $10 donation goes to the American Red Cross, and every carrier is working through a solution to push those funds out faster．” Verizon said in a statement．
68．A mobile phone user can donate some money to Haiti by texting the word _____ ．
A．“Yele” to 501501 to donate $10
B．“Haiti” to 90999 to donate $10
C．“Yele” or “Haiti” to 501501 to donate $ 5
D．“Haiti” to the American Red Cross to donate $ 5
69．The underlined word “fueled” in the ninth paragraph most probably means “_____ ”．
A．protected B．discouraged C．inspired D．reflected
70．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Facebook and Twitter are two relief organizations from the USA．
B．Many American politicians force Americans to give donations to Haiti．
C．The American Red Cross expected to receive much more donations．
D．Carriers have promised not to take a share from the donation．
71．Which may be the best title for the passage?
A．U．S．Texting Raises $11 Million for Haiti Earthquake
B．An Unexpected Terrible Earthquake Hit Haiti
C．The American Red Cross Offers Help to Haiti
D．Wireless Carriers Donate $11 Million to Haiti
A．You and Me, Baby
|
B．Ruff! Ruff! Where's Scruff?
|
C．The Giving Tree
|
D．Where the Wild Things Are
|
64．Little Tom who likes to read picture books with a hide-and-seek adventure will be likely to buy _____．
A．Ruff! Ruff! Where’s Scruff? B．You and Me, Baby
C．The Giving Tree D．Where the Wild Things Are
65．How much will you pay if you order three books named Where the Wild Things Are?
A．$16．26 B$ 75 C．$ 50．58 D．$34．59
66．Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A．The language of four kinds of books is English．
B．Four kinds of books are available at present．
C．The cover of four kinds of books is hardcover．
D．The reading level of four kinds of books are the same．
67．Where would this advertisement probably appear?
A．In a children’s story-book B．On the front page of a newspaper．
C．On the Internet． D．In a popular magazine．．
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners．
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week．The runners were observed on a treadmill machine．Sometimes they wore running shoes．Other times they ran barefoot．
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study．
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot．They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels．
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine．
The other study appeared in the journal Nature．It compared runners in the United States and Kenya．The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland．
They divided the runners into three groups．One group had always run shoeless．Another group had always run with shoes．And the third group had changed to shoeless running．
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first．That puts great force on the back of the foot．But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot．That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel．
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study．He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels．The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first．Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings．
60．How many organizations are involved in the two studies?
A．Three． B．Four． C．Five． D．Six．
61．What can we learn from the text?
A．Most running shoes are designed improperly．
B．The design of high heels is better than that of running shoes．
C．No one will run with running shoes in the future．
D．Both of the studies are done in America．
62．Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners?
A．They could create stress．
B．They’re too big and heavy．
C．They can affect the way the runners land．
D．Their heels can soften landings．
63．How did the researchers do the two studies?
A．By practising． B．By comparing．
C．By questioning． D．By reasoning．
