OntheeveningofJune21,1992,atal-优题课

Each year, prizes are presented to adults who accomplish great things in art, writing, science, and economics．So why not give awards to kids?
Harry Leibowitz asked himself that question in 1996．As an answer, he and his wife, Kay, created the World of Children organization and began handing out awards to kids and adults whose work has helped kids all over the world．The awards World of Children presents are nicknamed the "Children's Nobel Prize．" On Thursday, World of Children honored six adults and two kids at its 11th Annual Changemakers for Children awards ceremony held at the UNICEF House at United Nations Plaza in New York City．
Talia Leman, from Iowa, was awarded a Founder's Youth Award for Leadership．She is only 13 years old, but she has accomplished a lot．In 2005, she founded "RandomKid．" Since then, the nonprofit organization has raised more than $10 million to help kids in 48 states in the U．S．and in 19 other countries develop funding solutions to real-world problems．One place helped by RandomKid was a school built in Cambodia to enable 300 kids to go to school．The organization has also helped fix a school for 200 kids in Slidell, Louisiana, and provided interactive play centers that serve more than 500 kids in hospitals in Iowa．In faraway places like Africa, RandomKid has provided money for the purchase of water pumps．
Talia never thought that the organization she founded would be as successful as it has become．"I did a project called TLC, which meant Trick or Treat for the Levy Catastrophe, where kids would trick-or-treat for coins along with getting candy," she told me．"My goal was to raise $1 million．That seemed really high, but when you reach a goal, you always wind up reaching higher--and we actually raised $10 million．" The money RandomKid raised provided help to the victims of hurricanes Katrina and Rita．
56．The World of Children organization was created to _____．
A．answer questions from chilren B．match the Adults’ Nobel Prize
C．give awards to chilren in poor areas D．honour anyone who has helped kids in need
57．Talia Leman was honourd by the World of Children _____．
A．because of her sucessful work in RandomKid
B．because she gave the organization over $10 million
C．because of her solutions to the many world affairs
D．because she was chairman of RandomKid
58．In order to help kids, the organization RandomKid has done all the following EXCEPT _____．
A．building a school in Asia
B．providing play centers for sick children
C．solving the water-drinking problem for African children
D．helping 300 Cambodian kids to go to school in America
59．How did the kids in RandomKid collect money?
A．They got paid by working at a building project at weekends．
B．They called at houses and threatened to play tricks if they receive nothing．
C．They gave performances to passers-by by playing trick-or treat games．
D．They helped a project called TLC sell candy after school．

The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals．
The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat．An FDA official called them “as safe to eat as the food we eat every day．” And when those clones reproduce sexually, the agency says, their offspring(后代)are safe to eat as well．But research on cloned sheep is limited．So the FDA proposes that sheep clones not be used for human food．
The United States this year could become the first country to agree to the sale of foods from cloned animals．First, however, the public will have ninety days to comment on three suggested documents．On December 28th the FDA released a long report, called a draft risk assessment, along with two policy documents．
The agency says it must receive comments by April second．The FDA seemed ready to act several years ago, but a committee called for more research．
For now, the government will continue to ask producers to honor a request that they not sell foods from cloned animals．
Clones are still rare．They cost a lot and are difficult to produce．
The FDA says most food from cloning is expected to come not from clones themselves, but from their sexually reproduced offspring．It says clones are expected to be used mostly as breeding animals to spread good qualities．
Public opinion studies show most Americans do not like the idea of food from cloned animals．But this research also shows the public knows little about cloning．
Cloning differs from genetic engineering．A cell taken from a so-called donor animal is grown into an embryo(胚胎) in the laboratory．Next, the embryo is placed into the uterus(子宫) of a female animal．If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and a genetic copy of the donor animal is born．
60．What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A．To tell a interesting story． B．To give some advice on foods．
C．To give a report． D．To compare different opinions．
61．Who believe that foods from cloning are safe to eat?__________
A．Most Americans B．An advisory committee
C．Critics D．The FDA
62．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_____．
A．cloning has much in common with genetic
B．not every cell taken from a donor animal can grow into a genetic copy
C．the donor animal should be a female one
D．cloned animals grow faster than normal ones
63．Which of the following is true about foods from cloning?_______________
A．They come from the sexually reproduced offspring of cloned animals．
B．The food from first-generation cloned animals is very expensive．
C．Only FDA has the right to sell the food．
D．They will be sold mixed with those from naturally bred animals．

Tamiflu does not kill but prevents H1N1 from further proliferation (繁衍) till the virus limits itself in about 1-2 weeks (its natural cycle)．H1N1, like other Influenza A viruses, only infects the upper respiratory tract and proliferates (only) there．The only way of entry are the nostrils(鼻孔) and mouth/ throat．In a global epidemic of this nature, it's almost impossible not coming into contact with H1N1．
Contact with H1N1 is not so much of a problem as proliferation is．
While you are still healthy and not showing any symptoms of H1N1 infection, in order to prevent proliferation, some very simple steps can be practiced:
1．Frequent hand-washing．
2．"Hands-off-the-face" approach．Resist all temptations to touch any part of face (unless you want to eat or bathe)．
3．Gargle(漱口) twice a day with warm salt water (use Listerine if you don't trust salt)．H1N1 takes 2-3 days after initial infection in the throat/ nasal cavity to proliferate and show characteristic symptoms．Simple gargling prevents proliferation．In a way, gargling with salt water has the same effect on a healthy individual that Tamiflu has on an infected one．Don't underestimate this simple, inexpensive and powerful preventative method．
4．Similar to 3 above, clean your nostrilsat least once every day with warm salt water，Which is very effective in bringing down viral population．
5．Strengthen your natural immunity with foods that are rich in Vitamin C ．If you have to supplement with Vitamin C tablets, make sure that it also has Zinc to boost absorption．
6．Drink as much of warm liquids as you can．Drinking warm liquids has the same effect as gargling, but in the reverse direction．They wash off proliferating viruses from the throat into the stomach where they cannot survive, proliferate or do any harm．
7．All these are simple ways to prevent, within means of most households, and certainly much less painful than to wait in long queues outside public hospitals．
57．What part of a person’s body do H1N1flu viruses mainly infect?
A．one’s lung B．the upper respiratory tract
C．one’s heart D．one’s throat and lung
58．H1N1 flu viruses go into our bodies by ________．
A．touching B．diet C．breathing D．dirt
59．What does the underlined word “underestimate” mean ?
A．assign too low a value to
B．drop the cost of
C．pay more attention to
D．calculate the number of money
60．The author presents this passage by ______．
A．telling an interesting story B．testing an idea by reasoning
C．introducing some practical methods D．describing some activities in a natural order

The words of Gandhi, Einstein and other great thinkers are to be quoted in service announcements on London’s Underground．
Transport for London has asked Turner Prize-winning artist Jeremy Deller to edit a list of mottos to be used by tube drivers．Gandhi’s “there is more to life than increasing its speed” and the artist Cezanne’s “we live in a rain-bow of chaos” are among the quotes．Deller hopes they will make passengers’ journeys a bit more thought-provoking(发人深省的)．
Deller’s original plan was to abolish all public announcements for a day．“It makes me feel annoyed,” he said．“It’s like some psychological warfare(战争 ) on the passengers．”
But his idea was refused by the manager of Transport for London, who instead agreed to the plan of replacing some announcements with something more human and attractive．
Sally Shaw, who is running the scheme for Transport for London, says it is part of an attempt to improve day-to-day interaction and rely less on automated announcements．
“I think everyone has their own little philosophy on their journeys．And if we can get more of that out in the air, that would be great,” she said．
Susy Wells, one of the drivers to test the idea out on the London Underground, is also enthusiastic about it．
She said, “I like to make my own announcements and it’s nice to get passengers to think as well．”
What’s more, some quotes are helpful to the drivers．They help the passengers become more understanding about the drivers’ work．
The quotes such as Thomas Fuller’s “a stumble(绊脚) may prevent a fall” are popular for helping explain why a little inconvenience was sometimes necessary to keep the system safe．
53．The underlined phrase “tube drivers” probably means______．
A．taxi drivers B．subway drivers C．truck drivers D．bus drivers
54．Why did Deller want to abolish all public announcements on the underground?
A．Because they cause a war among passengers．
B．Because the public announcements make Deller tired．
C．Because the public announcements are dull．
D．All public announcements are not suitable for the passengers．
55．The reason why the sayings are to be quoted on London’s Underground is ______．
A．that everyone has their own life motto
B．that sayings are believed to be more human and attractive
C．that sayings can help develop spiritual civilization in London
D．that saying can make drivers think more
56．The best title of this passage would be _____．
A．Changes on London’s Underground
B．Culture on London’s Underground
C．Some Quotes Seen on London’s Underground
D．Introduction to London’s Underground

The devastation of Typhoon Morakot over Taiwan and eastern China is a reminder that the northwest Pacific is the most dangerous region in the world for tropical storms．The worst of these are typhoons, which are the same as hurricanes in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific, or cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Australia．They all have winds of more than 118km/h (73mph) spinning around a central core．
These storms start off as a mass of thunderstorms in the tropics outside the Equator．Given the right conditions, they form a bigger and more organised storm and feed off warm seas at more than 26．5C (80F) to get the fuel that they need to become a fully-fledged(羽毛丰满的) typhoon, hurricane or cyclone．Each storm is like a heat engine, extracting heat from the warm, humid air over the sea and turning it into phenomenal amounts of energy — equivalent to about 200 times the entire world’s electrical generating capacity．But warm, moist air is not enough — these storms also need slack winds aloft, because strong high-altitude winds can rip off the top of the storm clouds and send the entire storm tumbling（翻跟头）．
The damage from tropical storms often comes from their winds, or the storm surges from the sea as the winds pile up water into a huge battering ram(冲击夯) that floods coastlines．But the devastation from Typhoon Morakot came from its unbelievable rainfall — about a year’s average rain in some places — that set off landslides and mudslides．
45．According to the first paragraph, the common point among typhoons,hurricanes and cyclones is _______．
A．that they all come from the oceans
B．that they all have winds of over 118km/h spinning around a central core
C．that they all cause great damage
D．that they all can generate electricity
46．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Typhoon Morakat devestates Taiwan and eastern China
B．How is the typhoon formed?
C．Typhoon Morakot was how to devestate the areas it travelled
D．How terrible is Typhoon Morakat!
47．The devastation from Typhoon Morakot is mainly from ______．
A．its wind B．its rainfall
C．landslides and mudslides D．the storm
48．It can be inferred from the passage that ______．
A．Taiwan is off the northwest Pacific
B．the damage from tropical storms often comes from their winds
C．tropical storms often happen
D．tropical storms only need warm, moist air

A．The Kingdom of Bicycles	B．A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an
C．Marco Polo and the Silk Road	D．An American Achieving His Aims

A．The stories about Marco Polo.	B．The famous sights in Xi’an.
C．His interest in Chinese silk.	D．His childhood dreams about bicycles.