Culture means any human behavior that is learned in human society. All of the meaningful parts of a culture are passed on to different generations through tradition or social learning. Culture exists in agricultural as well as industrialized societies.
Culture is necessary for the survival and existence of human beings as human beings. Practically everything humans know, think, value, feel, and do is learned through taking part in a sociocultural system. Here is one of the cases of children growing up apart from human society. In the province of Midnapore in India, the director of a children’s home was told by local villagers that there were “ghost” in the forest. Upon looking into the case, the director found that two children, one about eight years old and the other about six years old, appeared to have been living a pack of wolves in the forest.
In his diary, the director describes his first view of Kamala (as the older child was named) and Amala ( the name given to the younger child):
Kamala was a terrible-looking being, the head, a big ball of something covering the shoulders. Their eyes were bright and sharp, unlike human eyes. They were very fond of raw meat and raw milk. Gradually, as they got stronger, they began going on all fours, and afterwards began to run on all fours, just like squirrels.
Children learn human language in the same way they learn other kinds of human behavior——by taking part in a cultural community.
| A．From this viewpoint, all human groups have a culture. |
| B．Close at its heels there came another terrible creature exactly like the first, but smaller in size. |
| C．Human beings can only develop human abilities by the local people. |
| D．This statement is well supported by some well-written cases. |
E. These children were the ghosts described by the local people.
F. Culture refers only to the high art and classical music of a particular society.
G. They learn a certain human languages as well as certain kinds of human behavior through their membership in a certain cultural community.
. She described all the things she had to do --- one was to make her bed --- from the moment she woke up until she flew out of the door for work. I suggested she experiment by not making her bed for two weeks. She was shocked, probably thinking I’d been raised by wolves in a forest.
Two weeks later she went into my office beaming. She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years --- and nothing bad had happened. “And you know what?” she said. ”I don’t dry my dishes anymore, either. ” One was discovering that she had choices in her life that she had never seen before. The other was giving herself permission to be less that perfect. This story shows an important principle about managing time: No one can do it all. Each of us has to make choices and accept trade-offs. The problem is, many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last. They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves.
So what is the solution? There’s an easy way. Decide what you want in your life, and put that first. On a daily basis, that should include regular meals, enough sleep and time with your family. Exercise, leisure, friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life. . The choice is yours: whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life. Take a nap. Take a walk. Take time to play the piano. Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office. Stop keeping your house as clean as your mother kept hers. Fill more of your time with want-to-dos instead of have-to-dos.
| A．This woman had made two major breakthroughs. |
| B．Above all, you needn’t do anything for yourself regularly. |
| C．They put everyone else’s needs ahead of their own. |
| D．However, she went along with my idea. |
E. Most people do not take time to relax themselves.
F. The point is to do something for yourself every day.
G. A patient came to see me about the stress in her life.
根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Amazon Introduces a Digital Music Locker
Amazon.com, plans to introduce a service that will let people upload their digital music to the Web from anywhere.
The service, known as a music locker, was made available to Amazon account holders early Tuesday．Amazon will offer a Web-based hard drive backup service called Cloud Drive, where people can store documents, photos, videos and music．
It will also offer Cloud Player, which will let people listen to, download and make play lists from the music they store on Cloud Drive from any Web site or from an app on Android devices．Cloud Player will automatically upload songs bought on Amazon．One key difference is that Google and Apple reportedly want to automatically make all the music that a user owns available to stream on other instruments, while Amazon will require that people upload music, except songs they buy on Amazon, to access it elsewhere．
The dream of these companies, along with many start-ups, is for people to be able to listen to their music from any computer or phone．Several experts in digital music say that the music locker business is still legally ambiguous．
Amazon says it has avoided the problem, because its users would upload their songs, in MP3 to the cloud-based service, just like backing them up on an external （outside） hard drive or a Web-based computer backup service．
Companies, including Google and Spotify have been forced to delay introducing certain services while they negotiate with the music labels and publishers．
| A．People can access it from any computer and from Android phones． |
| B．But they have all run into the same problem: music companies and publishers would prefer that listeners buy a new copy of a song everywhere they want to listen to it． |
| C．Experts suspect that Amazon seems to be copying what Google and Apple have already achieved． |
| D．They agreed to speak on the condition of anonymity （匿名） because their agreements with Amazon are confidential． |
E．It is impossible for Web companies to tell whether a song was bought legally or downloaded illegally．
F．Amazon is racing Google and Apple, both of which are interested in offering similar services．
G．It will also scan iTunes or Windows libraries to find other music to upload．
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
____________ Try the following steps:
Calm yourself. _____________ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. _____________ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
____________ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. ___________ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.
| A．Why should you forgive? |
| B．How should you start to forgive? |
| C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. |
| D．Try to see things from your offender’s angle. |
E.For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F.To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.
G.If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
Life is beautiful once you learn to change your view a little.. Complaining about what is wrong with an almost perfect picture stops you from seeing the beauty of the picture.
. Having the wisdom of knowing what you can change, what you can control and what you can’t is happiness.
Being a good person is important. Being a good person at heart is more important. No one is loved by all or hated by all. . Even God gets a bad name. We humans are social animals. It’s not easy or possible to get along with everyone. The point is who draws the line of your life, you or someone else. Before doing that ask yourself whether the thing you believe in is right or wrong.
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Go on living, smile, cry when you have to, and take joy in small things of life. Welcome and learn to see positive things happening around you. . Love yourselves. Maybe you feel disappointed sometimes, but don’t let that take a long time with you and your life. Learn to take pride in who you are because you are beautiful, no one can be like you and no one can live your life better than you do.
| A．If it’s really worth the pain. |
| B．Life is full of happiness and sorrow. |
| C．Everyone has their good’s and bad’ s. |
| D．Everyone should avoid the negative aspect of life. |
E. Appreciating it is better than focusing on its negatives.
F. No one, including even the wealthiest and the most beautiful people, has a perfect life.
G. Distinguish between want and need, and adjust to what life throws at you.
Hollywood movies are regularly filled with sex and violence. They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment.
Have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies. Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. This year the Indian Filmgare Awards, Bollywood's Oscars, turn 50 years old.
The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients: a cup of romance, a tea-spoon of comedy, a dash of international sight-seeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie.
Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries. The actors change clothes and locations within a single song. But the audience don't mind. To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven and the stars are their gods. The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all.
Behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values. In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they can't just run away. They must win over their parents.
Bollywood is a decent refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films. They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colorful world, where it's still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.
| A．Bollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage. |
| B．There is never any mention of politics, poverty or war. |
| C．Most Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film. |
| D．Bollywood films are mostly comic romances with light-hearted incidental music. |
E. Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values.
F．The result is a fun-filled musical.
G．So if you're tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films.