I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say .Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁)calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased woman said to me, ”If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died. ”At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today .That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate ,was more than she could take．It’s my fault that she’s dead.”
You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course------keeping mother at home, putting off the operation----would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.
A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needｓ,and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him，and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we don not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.The author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably because_______.
| A．he was minister of the local church |
| B．he wanted to comfort the two families |
| C．he was an official of the community |
| D．he had great pity for the deceased |
People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones because________.
| A．they can’t find a better way of express their sorrow |
| B．they have neglected the natural course of events |
| C．they believe that they were the reason |
| D．the don’t know things often turn in the opposite direction |
According to the main passage, the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably means that________.
| A．everything in the world is predetermined |
| B．there’s an explanation for everything in the world |
| C．the world can be interpreted in different ways |
| D．we have to be sensible in order to understand the world |
What’s the main idea of the message?
A .Life and death is an unsolved mystery.
B. Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.
C Every story should have a happy ending.
D. In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away.
第三部分：阅读理解（共20，满分40分）
第一节（共17小题；每小题2分，满分34分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并将答案写在答题卡上。
Mr. Smith worked in an office. He had neither a wife nor children. And he lived in an old house alone. He liked nothing but drinking. He almost spent all of his money on drinks. Sometimes he was hungry; he had to borrow some money from his work-mates to buy a little food.
One evening he met a friend of his in the street. The man asked him to have dinner in a restaurant. He was happy and drank a lot. When they left there at midnight, he could hardly stand. The man had to stop a taxi and asked the driver to take him home. Soon they arrived at the door of his house. With the help of the driver, he got out. “Thank you, sir.” said Mr. Smith. “Now I can open the door myself.” The taxi drove away, but he couldn’t put the key into the keyhole. He was trying to do it while a policeman came. “Can I help put the key into the keyhole, sir?” asked the policeman.
“Thank you, sir.” said Mr. Smith. “The house is circling now. If you can stop it moving, I can open the door myself.”
56. He spent all his money
A. on his clothes B. on drinks
C. on food D. on his house
57. One evening Mr. Smith’s friend asked him
A. to visit his old friend B. to drive a taxi for him
C. to have a meal with him D. to watch a football match
58. One night Mr. Smith could hardly stand because he
A. drank too much B. was too happy
C. 
felt too tired D. was too hungry
59. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Mr. Smith opened the door himself.
B. Mr. Smith was very angry with the policeman.
C. Mr. Smith wouldn’t like the policeman to help him.
D. Mr. Smith couldn’t open the door without the help of the policeman.
In order to know a foerign language well. Four thing are necessary. Fisrt, we must understand the language when we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence (自信 ) and without hesitation( 犹豫). Thirdly, we must be able to write it. Finally we must be able to make sentences that are correct in Grammar.
There is no short way to succeed in language learning. A good memory (记忆 ) is a great help, but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from grammar book. It is no much uses learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings, studing the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning a language. We must “Learning through use”. Practice is important. We must practice speaking and writing t
he language whenever we can.
64．The most important things to learn a foreign language are ________.
A. understanding and speaking B. hearing, speaking, reading and writing
C. writing and understanding D. memorizing and listening
65. Someone can understand and write English well, but can’t speak it. This is because _______.
A. he doesn’t understand the language he hears it
B. he doesn’t have a good memory
C. he always rememner a long list of words and their meanings
D. he often hesitates to practise speaking it
66. One can never learn a foerign language well only by _______.
A. much practice B. studying the dictionary
C. learning through use D. using the language
67. Which of the following is the most important in learninga foreign language?
A. A good memory B. Speaking C. Practice D. Wrting
The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating animals.
Migrating or mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas. Birds may fly from one part of the World to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way. Whales and turtles(海龟) cover vast areas of ocean. The report says that changes in any one of the places which these animals use can cause serious harm. "Obviously these animals have developed their travelling patterns over thousands of years. But climate change is almost certain to be extreme over the next 25 to 50 years and it is extremely unlikely that these animals can change their habits fast enough, "said the report author Dr. Robert Hepworth.
Hardest hit by rising temperatures are turtles. Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones. In parts of Malaysia, turtle birthing sites are producing only females, the report says. It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer.
With birds, the main problem is climate-related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way. About one-fifth of migrating birds are now in danger because of climate-related changes including rising sea levels, land loss and more violent storms, the report concludes.
Other animals picked out as particularly in danger include:
the North Atlantic Right Whale, whose main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows.
·the White-Nose Dolphin, which is out-competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters.
The report is not all bad news. Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover. "We need governments to start taking action at the national and international level. The clock is running," said Dr. Hepworth. And some animals are already adapting, with the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat. What is the main topic of the text ?
| A．The effect of climate change on migrating animals. |
| B．How animals are adapting to changes in temperature. |
| C．The actions required to save migrating animals. |
| D．The need for government policies to prevent global warming. |
By saying "The clock is running" in the last paragraph, Dr. Hepworth means that" ______"
A．it may be too late to save some animals
B．it is time to start protecting the animals
C．there is not much time to solve the problem
D．it takes time to complete the actions
A．They will only produce female babies.WhVich of the following is mentioned as a consequence of rising temperatures?
A．More storms wi ll affect the ability of whales to find their feeding grounds. |
| B．20 percent of all birds are likely to die out because of land loss. |
| C．Migrating animals are likely to start adapting to the changes more quickly. |
| D．Warmer oceans will increase the competition between different kinds of dolphins. |
What can be inferred about turtles from the text?
| A．They are the only animals besides humans that suffer from cancer. |
| B．They have traditionally lived longer than other ocean-based animals. |
| C．Those born nearer a hotter area are more likely to be female. |
| D．Most kinds of turtles are likely to die out within 50 years. |
Research by Scotland Yard published in a London newspaper, has proven that knife crime
in London is a serious non – white phenomenon, with 165 of the 225 under- 18s accused of knife crime in the past three months being from the black or other non – white groups．
According to Scotland Yard, only 60 of the 225 crimes were white．Despite being a small minority of the knife holding criminals, whites did, however, make up the single largest group of victims of knife crime．
According to t
he Scotland Yard report, whites made up 222 of the 637 victims of knife crime over the last three months．This number could probably be higher, as 292 victims were not identified by race．
This month Scotland Yard Deputy Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson suggested knife crime has replaced drug selling as the top concern 
for London police．
Sir Paul said so as he announced a specialist knife crime unit to deal with teenagers carrying knives in the capital．It will use a team of 75 specialist officers to find criminal group members and their supporters．
Detective Inspector, George Rhoden, president of the National Organisation of Black Law Enforcement Executives said, “In the black community we have all noticed that there is major concern about gun and knife crime．Clearly we are not the only part of the community affected by the problem of children who have no fathers, but parental responsibility should be of major concern.”
Around 59 percent of black Caribbean children and 54 percent of mixed – race youngsters are looked after by a lone parent．In the white British population, the number is 22 
percent．From the above, we can see that in knife crimes in London．
| A．there are more whites than blacks as victims |
| B．there are more blacks than whites as victims |
| C．blacks make up the smallest group of criminals |
| D．blacks make up the second largest group of criminals |
What Sir Paul Stephenson said suggests that．
| A．drug selling has replaced knife crime as the top concern for London police |
B．drug selling had been the top concern for London police in the  past |
| C．knife crime used to be the top concern for London police |
| D．London police now pay no attention to drug selling |
What measure has the government taken to deal with the problem of knife crime?
| A．Punishing the parents of teenagers carrying knives． |
| B．Arresting the teenagers carrying knives． |
| C．Forming a specialist knife crime unit． |
| D．Fining the teenagers carrying knives． |
According to George Rhoden, which of the following factors contributes to so many young blacks turning to crime?
| A．That they are poorly educated． |
| B．That they are influenced by their fathers． |
| C．That many of them come from incomplete families． |
| D．That their parents are too busy to take care of them． |
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新). But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,”says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.“But we are taught instead to‘decide’, just as our president calls himself‘the Decider’．”She adds, however, that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
“All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,”she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought.“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,”explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms. Markova’s business partner.“That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.Brain researchers have discovered that.
| A．the forming of new habits can be guided |
| B．the development of habits can be predicted |
| C．the regulation of old habits can be transformed |
| D．the track of new habits can be created unconsciously |
The underlined word “ruts”in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.
| A．zones | B．connections | C．situations | D．tracks |
Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view?
| A．Decision makes no sense in choices. |
| B．Curiosity makes creative minds active. |
| C．Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind. |
| D．Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas. |
he purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us.
| A．to give up our traditional habits deliberately |
| B．to create and develop new habits consciously |
| C．to resist the application of standardized testing |
| D．to believe that old habits conflict with new habits |