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Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development
What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1

A.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
B.People remember well what they learned in childhood.
C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.“
D.Stories for children are easy to remember

The author explains the law of overlearning by

A.presenting research findings
B.setting down general rules
C.using examples
D.making a comparison

According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is

A.a result of overlearning
B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with math problems
D.a basic step towards advanced studies

What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It increases students' learning interest.
C.It's possible to result in poor memory.
D.It's helpful only in a limited way.
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 较易
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Every day we meet people in a number of business and social situations. And the way we meet and greet them creates an impression. It’s important to do so in a proper way, no matter whether you are introducing yourself to someone, or introducing two people. To keep you aware of this, we have gathered tips on how to make a proper introduction.
◎Always stand when making an introduction.
When you are seated and someone comes up to greet you, make the effort to stand up. By doing this, you show respect for yourself and for the other person.
◎Always keep eye contact while making an introduction.
Many people are not aware of the value of this simple action. When you make eye contact, you are giving a confident image.
◎Always introduce a person of lesser authority to one of greater authority. The most important thing to remember is to say the most important person’s name first.
For example, when introducing your supervisor to a job candidate (求职应征者), you would give your supervisor’s name first. “Bob Jones, may I introduce Susan Lee, who has just graduated from ABC University?”
◎In a situation where rank is unimportant, an introduction is based on sex and age. A man is presented to a woman and a younger woman to an older woman.
What if you find yourself in a situation where you have forgotten the other person’s name? Start with a handshake and reintroduce (再介绍) yourself. When doing this, you will usually cause the other person to do the same.
However, if the other person does not take your suggestion, it is OK simply to apologize and let the person know that you cannot remember her or his name. This is not the ideal situation, of course, but it does happen to all of us. The other person should be forgiving.

The article gives you advice on ________.

A.how to make a self-introduction
B.how to make a proper introduction
C.how to leave a good impression on people
D.how to greet people in social situations


According to the passage, people will think you are ________ if you don’t make eye contact with them.

A.not honest B.not confident C.shy D.unfriendly


What should you do when you introduce a new worker to your boss?

A.You should not give your boss’ name.
B.You should give the new worker’s name first.
C.You needn’t give your boss’ name
D.You should give your boss’ name first


If you forget the other person’s name, you’d better _______.

A.ask him/her directly
B.apologize first and then ask him/her
C.shake hands with the person and reintroduce yourself
D.consider his age first

1996 Production of the United States
Director: Charles Russell
Major Cast: Arnold Schwarzenegger (As John Kruger)
Vanessa Williams (As Lee Cullen)
James Caan (As Robert Deguerin)
After Last Action Hero, Junior and True Lies have been warmly received by the whole world, the best known film actor Arnold Schwarzenegger once again stars as an unbeatable and witty tough man. Together with the pop star Vanessa Williams, he has made it among the 1996’s best movies as well as The Rock and Mission : Impossible. John Kruger, an agent for the Federal Witness Protection Program, is to protect Lee Cullen, an employee of the Cyrez Corporation. Cyrez is supposed to be developing technology for US defense, but they are secretly selling it to the Russian Mafia. Cullen has two computer disks as proof and she is willing to testify (作证). However the disks she gives to the Feds have disappeared and she herself is in danger. Kruger hides her in New York’s Chinatown. Robert Deguerin, Kruger’s director, turns out to be a spy for the Cyrez Corporation. He tries to cheat Kruger into taking them to Cullen. Kruger gets on the plane with Deguerin but gives him the wrong address. A gun battle is started and Kruger parachutes (跳伞) out of the plane. Kruger is reported to be a spy! He is forced to escape and finds Johnny and asks for his help. The three of them break into the Cyrez Corporation to read the disk. Deguerin and the others are waiting, but are outsmarted. In a shipyard of Baltimore, Deguerin and Kruger battle it out. The shipment is stopped and Kruger clears his name.

The film is directed by _____.

A.Michael Bay B.Brian De Palma C.Charles Russell D.Robert Deguerin


According to the introduction, Arnold Schwarzenegger once took an important part in the film _________.

A.The Rock B.True Lies C.Mission: Impossible D.All the above


The Cyrez Corporation is unlawful because ______.
it is developing technology for US defence.
It is secretly selling some disks to the Russian Mafia.
It is selling technology for US defence to others.
It is to protect witness for the Feds.

Kruger, Johnny and Cullen break into the Cyrez Corporation in order to ______.

A.steal the lost disk B.find out where Deguerin is
C.stop the shipment D.find some necessary information from the disk


What does the underlined word “outsmart” mean?

A.fool B.kill C.catch D.find


A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant(显著的) problem.
The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation(动机), we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.
Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining(保持) or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.
10. What is the text mainly about?
A. Foreign students have more problems.
B. There are many ways to improve English.
C. Teaching should meet students’ needs.
D. English learning problems should be studied again.
11. Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students________.
A. had to write their papers
B. became better at speaking
C. became less interested in reading
D. had fewer problems with listening
12. We may infer from the last two paragraphs that ________.
A. different teaching methods should be used
B. grammar-based teaching seems to be encouraging
C. English courses are necessary for foreign students
D. teaching content should be changed halfway.

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers' opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we're often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.

Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as "mentalese"), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry (织锦),writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

When people write as if some strict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

1.

What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

A. They often regret writing poor works
B. Some of them write surprisingly much.
C. Many of them hate reading their own works
D. They are happy to review the publishers' opinions.
2.

What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?

A. People think in words and sentences.
B. Human ideas are translated into symbols
C. People think by connecting threads of ideas.
D. Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.
3.

What can we conclude from the text?

A. Most people believe we think in symbols.
B. Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.
C. The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.
D. Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.

A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grirmsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(层)of water between the glacier and the volcano This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable, As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM. one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash- covered grass to the sharp object.

1.

What makes Grimsvom different from other volcanoes?(

A. It is below ice.
B. It lies under the sea
C. It is the largest volcano
D. It is lava affects the airlines
2.

What keeps Grimsvotn still?(

A. The slow flow of water
B. The low water temperature
C. The thick glacier
D. The water pressure
3.

Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?(

A. People stop traveling in Europe
B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes
C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside
D. Farmers have lost many of their animals
4.

This text is most probably taken from(

A. a research paper
B. a newspaper report
C. a class presentation
D. a geography textbook.

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