Famous as “the king of chefs and the chef of kings,” Auguste Escoffier helped raise the position of cooking from a laborer’s task to an artist’s job. Escoffier was born on October 28, 1846, in the small village of Villeneuve-Loubet, near Nice, France. Among the key figures in the boy’s life was his father, who worked primarily as a blacksmith（铁匠）. His grandmother, an enthusiastic cook, was perhaps more responsible than anyone for introducing the boy to an appreciation of the delights of cooking.
Young Escoffier attended the local school until age 12, upon which time his father thought it necessary that the boy learn a trade. In school he had shown a talent for drawing, yet he was told to regard this art only as a hobby, and to find his career in a more practical profession. Thus his father took him to Nice in 1859, where he would work as an apprentice（学徒）in his uncle’s restaurant, the respectable Le Restaurant Francais.
At Le Restaurant Francais, Escoffier was not treated as the close relative of the boss. Rather, he experienced a classically demanding apprenticeship. For this strictness of training he would later, in his memoirs（回忆录）, express gratefulness. During this time Escoffier also attended night school, and had to deal with his studies as well as the demands of a promising career.
When Escoffier was 19 and had taken on yet more responsibilities in his uncle’s restaurant, a customer recognized his skills and offered him work in Paris. This was the owner of Le Petit Moulin Rouge, one of the finest restaurants in Paris, where Escoffier was to become a sous-chef, ranking below the head chef. After three years in this position, he rose to the level of head chef, wearing the respected chef’s hat. It was his __________ who first influenced Escoffier to be interested in cooking.
| A．father | B．mother | C．uncle | D．grandmother |
We can infer that as a schoolboy, Escoffier might hope to be __________.
| A．a chef | B．a businessman | C．an artist | D．a blacksmith |
According to Paragraph 3, Escoffier __________.
| A．was badly treated by his uncle | B．showed great interest in writing |
| C．disliked working as an apprentice | D．was thankful for the strict training |
Which of the following can best describe Escoffier?
| A．Hard-working. | B．Honest. | C．Warm-hearted. | D．Modest. |
What is the text mainly about?
| A．How to become a chef in France. | B．The influence of Auguste Escoffier. |
| C．What an apprentice is required to do. | D．The early life of a famous French chef. |
When your pet has an emergency, first aid is not a substitute for veterinary treatment. However, before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian（兽医）, knowing some basic first aid can help.
Bite Wounds
Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten. Wear a mask for the animal and then check the wound. Clean the wound with large amounts of saline(盐水). If these are not available, then regular water may be used. Wrap large open wounds to keep them clean.
Bleeding
Apply firm, direct pressure over the bleeding area until the bleeding stops. Hold the pressure for at least 10 minutes. Avoid bandages that cut off circulation.
__________
Check to see if the animal is choking on a foreign object. If an animal is not breathing, place it on a firm surface with its left side up. Check for a heartbeat. If you hear a heartbeat but not breathing, close the animal’s mouth and breathe directly into its nose—not the mouth—until the chest expands. Repeat 12 to 15 times per minute.
Burns
Wash the burn immediately with large amounts of cool, running water. Apply an ice pack for 15—20 minutes. Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin. Wrap the pack in a light towel or other cover. If the animal has large quantities of dry chemicals on it skin, brush them off. Water may activate some dry chemicals.
Fractures (骨折)
Symptoms include pain, inability to use a limb (腿). Wear a mask for the pet and look for bleeding. If you can control bleeding without causing more injury, then do so. Watch for signs of shock. Don’t try to set the fractures by pulling the limb. Transport the pet to the veterinarian immediately, supporting the injured part as best as you can.The underlined word “substitute” in the first paragraph means something_________.
| A．that is necessary |
| B．that can replace other things |
| C．that is familiar with us |
| D．that can calm people |
What’s the suitable subtitle for the blank（空白处）?
| A．Cutting | B．Breathing Stops |
| C．Poisoning | D．Suffering Heart Problems |
If your pet is burned by chemicals, you should_________.
| A．wash away the chemicals with saline |
| B．put an ice pack directly on the skin |
| C．bind up the cut with a bandage |
| D．get rid of them before washing |
The passage is mainly about_________.
| A．doing pet first aid |
| B．treating sick pets |
| C．dealing with an emergency |
| D．working as a veterinarian |
There are various aspects that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in various ways．Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure．Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators．Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is．This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life．Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable．
In the school, administrative assistants greet students at the start of the day and answer a large quantity of questions．When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for．The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office．
Meanwhile, though cafeteria workers have a short space of time to interact with students, they can make a big difference as well．Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve．Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs．
Custodians（管理员）are usually underappreciated for what they offer to schools．They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate（复杂的）tools．They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event．They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning．A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most．The purpose of the passage is to _______．
| A．emphasize the role teachers play in a school |
| B．highlight the contributions of other staff at school besides teachers． |
| C．tell us who make the greatest contributions to a school |
| D．explain what contributes to the success of a student |
If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that _________．
| A．he is paid particular attention to |
| B．he is special |
| C．he has done something wrong |
| D．he has made progress in study |
Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?
| A．It’s enough for them to cook for the students． |
| B．It’s hard for them to interact with the students． |
| C．They have the most interaction with students at school． |
| D．They can also meet the emotional needs of the students． |
How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?
| A．Disappointed． | B．Dissatisfied． |
| C．Appreciative． | D．Doubtful． |
If you’re looking for a cheery destination for your next vacation, consider these four spots and get ready to take notes on how to really live the good life．
Singapore
With one of the highest population densities（密度）in the world and residents known for being workaholics, it’s hard to imagine the city-state of Singapore having one of the happiest populations on earth．And yet in a recent survey, 95% of them said they were either very happy or quite happy．
They give their city high marks for cleanliness and safety—subways are pristine（洁净的）and unfailingly arrive on time, and police are seen as helpful and good at their jobs．What’s more, they feel they can count on their neighbours—all 5．1 million of them．
Arhus, Denmark
The residents of Arhus cheerfully part with 68% of their income in taxes, knowing that in return they will be guaranteed free healthcare, free daycare, and a top-notch（第一流的）education for their children．
An energetic city of 300,000 with a lively cultural scene and a diverse number of religions represented, the sense of equality（the range in incomes is narrow）, as well as easy access to the nearby sea and surrounding countryside, make Arhus seem more like a small town．
San Luis Obispo, CA
According to a 2008 Gallup-Healthways study, people who live in San Luis Obispo are more likely than residents of other U．S．cities to smile and experience joy and are less likely to experience pain or depression．About 64,000 of the 260,000 people in the greater metropolitan area（都市区）, located halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, volunteer at over 11,000 non-profit organizations．
Few journeys to work are longer than 10 minutes （one reason its members rank in the upper third for job satisfaction）, so “it’s easy to be involved,” resident Pierre Rademaker said．Business signs are unobtrusive（不显眼的）by law, fewer than 11% of residents smoke—the lower rate in the U．S．—there are lots of bike lanes, and the city’s plaza draws crowds of people for free concerts on summer Fridays．What’s not to love?
Monterrey, Mexico
The people of Monterrey don’t enjoy high household incomes or access to good healthcare．Instead, there’s a profound sense of gratitude for the new political freedom enjoyed since the oppressive Institutional Revolutionary Party lost power in 2000—the first time in nearly a century—as well as an emphasis on social life over work．
Another reason Monterrey residents may be so happy is their faith in God and family, and their ability to tough it out through bad times．
“We laugh at sickness, poverty and even death,” says Basanez, a political scientist who lives in Monterrey．“We even have a holiday to celebrate death．November 2, the Day of the Dead, is one of the biggest holidays of the year．”According to the passage, what do the residents in the four cities have in common?
| A．All the residents can make great fortunes by working hard． |
| B．The residents there are mostly educators． |
| C．All the residents enjoy enough material wealth． |
| D．The majority of the residents are satisfied with their current life． |
According to the passage, we can infer that _______．
| A．the people of Singapore expect their neighbours to come to their help when necessary |
| B．the people of Monterrey even observe one’s death on a special day of a year |
| C．the residents of Arhus happily pay 68% of their income for their children’s education fee |
| D．the people who live in San Luis Obispo have job satisfaction because they can enjoy good working conditions |
According to the passage which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
| A．The people of Monterrey didn’t enjoy political freedom until 2000． |
| B．The residents in Singapore feel happy because of its low population density． |
| C．The people of San Luis Obispo can enjoy free concerts in summer． |
| D．Arhus is handy to the seaside and countryside． |
What can we learn from the underlined part “the sense of equality”?
| A．The residents of Arhus have no racial discrimination． |
| B．Arhus is considered as a family sharing everything with each other． |
| C．There is no wide gap between the rich and the poor in Arhus． |
| D．The residents of Arhus can depend on their neighbours to help． |
People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found．
Researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks．Then they exposed the subjects to the virus, quarantined（检疫隔离）them for five days and kept track of who got sick．
Besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re actually sleeping—were also less likely to get sick．
The results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies（抗体）to the virus．
The researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold．But they do try to give an answer: “Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators（调节因子）that are released in response to infection．” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold．
The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health．According to the passage, what does the underlined word “subjects” mean in paragraph 2?
| A．areas of knowledge in a school |
| B．people being studied in an experiment |
| C．research topics |
| D．animals being tested |
It is shown in the passage that _______．
| A．the researchers obtain information about the sleep habits by frequent interviews |
| B．the researchers do their research in the National Institutes of Health |
| C．people hope to avoid being infected with a cold by sleeping as much as possible |
| D．sleeping more and better helps regulate the symptom mediators |
What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．The Relationship Between Virus and Cold |
| B．How to Sleep Well |
| C．Good Sleep Helps Fight a Cold |
| D．The More the Sleep, the Better Your Body |
Last Sunday I made a visit to some new neighbors down the block．No specific in mind, just an opportunity to sit at the kitchen table, have some tea and chat．As I did so, it occurred to me how rare the Sunday visit has become．
When I was a kid in New Jersey of the 1960s, Sunday visits were routine．Most stores were closed, almost nobody worked, and the highways, as a result, were not desperate steeplechases（障碍赛跑）they have become today．My family normally traveled eight city blocks to the home of my grandmother, where adults would sit on the front porch and chat while we children played hide-and-seek．
The Sunday visit was something to desire strongly．It was the repetition to church, our reward for an hour of devotion, an opportunity to take advantage of the fact that Dad was not at work, we were not in school, and there was no housework that couldn’t wait until Monday．Sunday was, indeed, different from the other days of the week, because everyone seemed to be on the same schedule, which means that there was one day when everyone seemed to have time for everybody else．
Sunday as a day of rest is, or was, so deeply rooted in the culture that it’s surprising to find that, in a short span of time, it has almost entirely lost this association．In my childhood, it was assumed that everyone would either be home or visiting someone else’s home on Sunday．But now the question is, “What do you plan to DO this Sunday?” The answer can range from going to the mall, to participating in a road race, to Montreal for lunch．If one were to respond, “I’m making a Sunday visit to family,” such an answer would feel strange, which sounds like an echo from another era．
I suppose I should be grateful to live in Maine, a state of small towns, abundant land and tight relationships．Even though folks work as hard here as they do anywhere else, the state’s powerfully rural feature still keeps at least remnants（残余部分）of the moral of yesterday’s America, where people had to depend on one another in the face of economic vagaries（反复无常的情况）and a challenging environment．The writer’s general impression of the Sunday in the past was a day when＿＿．
| A．everyone was paying a visit to some relatives far away |
| B．everyone seemed to be free for others |
| C．Dad was not at work while Mom was busy cleaning the house |
| D．nearly every adult would go to church and children weren’t at school |
In the fourth paragraph, the writer compares the response “I’m making a Sunday visit to family” to an echo from another era because_____．
| A．people nowadays prefer staying at home on Sunday |
| B．such answers are rarely heard in our modern society |
| C．people in the city dislike being disturbed on Sunday |
| D．visiting someone on Sunday was routine in the past |
From the last paragraph we may infer that_____．
| A．people in Maine suffer more from economic depression and the changed environment |
| B．people in Maine have abandoned their tradition and lived an absolutely new life |
| C．land in Maine is short, thus the relationship between people is tense |
| D．people in Maine tend to help each other out of necessity |
What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．Doing many activities on Sunday is beneficial． |
| B．We should often travel a long distance to visit some friends and relatives． |
| C．Nowadays, Sunday has almost lost its association as a day of rest． |
| D．We should abandon some old tradition． |