Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.
If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.
Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.
Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.
“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.
Children are more vulnerable(易受伤的)to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid(易吸收的液体). No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.
Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.
Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen(腹部).According to Ms Davis, brain cancer increase ____.
A.among children | B.among old people |
C.in the twenties | D.among pregnant women |
Why do children easily be affected by radiation?
A.Because they haven’t grown up. |
B.Because they are too young to protect themselves. |
C.Because they use cell phones more often than adults. |
D.Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt. |
What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A.Pregnant women should keep cell phones away. |
B.People should use cell phones in the correct way. |
C.If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls. |
D.When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker. |
What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Be careful when using cell phones. |
B.Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear. |
C.Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains. |
D.Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer. |
Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped out entirely. Thus control of crime becomes the focus of police and government around the world. The question lawmakers must answer is, “Which system of criminal punishment works best for society?” Each country has developed its own ideas for solution to this question, and these solutions then determine how criminals are punished under different systems. However, none of the current system in use has proved 100 percent effective. There are many ideas about punishment of criminals. Some systems look only to (倾向于) get retribution (惩罚) against criminals. These systems work to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future.
These systems also try to deter (威慑) others in society by using the criminal as an example of what can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes. Rehabilitation (悔过) is another philosophy by which many systems of punishment operate. The goal of these systems is to return a former criminal to society after a required period of treatment and training, usually in prisons. The idea is to help change the person's behavior and approach so that he or she becomes a law-abiding citizen.
Capital punishment is another form of punishment which systems use in extreme criminal cases, sometimes involving such crimes as a murder, rape, and violent theft. In these cases, the person is put to death. Today, capital punishment is used in relatively few countries. Many countries have done away with it. In other words, capital punishment remains only in officially law books but is rarely used. However, capital punishment remains in use in some countries including the United States.The police around the world usually concentrate their attention on_______ .
A.how to catch the person who commits crimes |
B.how to punish the person who commits crimes |
C.how to control crimes |
D.how to determine the system of punishment of criminals |
Different purposes of the systems of criminal punishment are mentioned in the passage except_________ .
A.to frighten criminals and stop them from committing crimes again |
B.to warn others in society not to commit crimes |
C.to reform criminals and help them return to society |
D.to help criminals get some knowledge of law |
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Many countries including the USA have got rid of capital punishment. |
B.In some countries capital punishment can only be found in law books, but it is hardly used. |
C.Capital punishment is only used in extreme criminal cases. |
D.Some countries including China still use capital punishment |
Every kid wishes to be an adult. But now as grown-ups, some adults find they cannot leave childhood behind. They become "kidults" (kid+adult). Being a kidult has become a lifestyle-choice among young people across Asia.
Some kidults collect toys they once played with. Hello Kitty, Garfield, and Snoopy have many adult fans around the world. It is not unusual to see a 20-something woman with a big, Garfield-shaped cushion on her sofa or a Hello Kitty mobile phone accessory.(配件)
Other kidults still enjoy children's stories and fairy tales. For example, Bloomsbury even published the Harry Potter novels with an adult cover. That way, no one else on the subway will know that an adult is actually reading a children's book!
"Kidults can be like vitamins to society. Adults who value their childhood and hold on to pure, child-like emotion may be needed in such a rough and dry society," said Lee Sojung, professor of Foreign Studies at Hankuk University(韩国外国语大学). He added that kidult culture may fill the generation gap between adults and kids. It could give children and their parents books, movies, and cartoon shows to enjoy together. He may be right.
Tim Greenhalgh, a professor , explained that some kidults just refuse to grow up. They value childhood because life in a busy and stressful city frightens them. Kidults would like to forget their age and openly show their fear of society and adulthood.We can infer from the article that _________.
A.Kidults miss their childhood so much that they can't give up their toys |
B.Bloomsbury knows some kidults don't want people to know that they are kidults |
C.Kidults like to have vitamins very much |
D.Some toys are so interesting that even adults like them very much |
According to the author, being a kidult is good in some way EXCEPT that _______.
A.it can improve the relationship between parents and their kids |
B.it can help kidults feel relaxed |
C.it is helpful to solve some social problems |
D.it can make people loyal to one's parents |
According to the writer, _______.
A.being a kidult is nothing wrong |
B.kidults have mental problems |
C.our society is very dull |
D.some people can never grow up |
I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone, “Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are?”At that time I didn’t realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone, “Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone! Bad telephone!” And she swept it into the wastebasket.
I stood watching her, speechless. What on earth…?
She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room – if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!” Then she turned to me, kissed me and said calmly, “Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.” With that, she left the room.
After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight, I noticed that something in my mood(情绪) had changed. I was laughing. How would I have trouble with that phone? Her antics helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.Why did the author shout at the telephone?
A.He was mad at the telephone. |
B.He was angry with his agent. |
C.He was anxious about his wife |
D.He was impatient with the secretary. |
What did the author’s wife do after she heard his shouting?
A.She said nothing | B.She shouted at him. |
C.She called the agent | D.She threw the phone away |
What made the author laugh?
A.His own behavior. | B.His wife’s suggestion |
C.His changeable feelings | D.His wife’s sweet kiss. |
What does the underlined word “antics” refer to?
A.Smart words | B.Unusual actions |
C.Surprising Looks | D.Anxious feelings |
You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel a sense of achievement,so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.
The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving so as to achieve real happiness is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call “being” and “having” values. Your “being” values are the character traits(特征)of the ideal person you would like to be. An example of some “being” values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values, you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by “being” a positive role model. Mastering “being” these character traits becomes your life purpose.
Your “having” values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, “being” valued or financial security. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.
When you make a commitment to live by your “being” values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary(保守的) ones. If your usual habit is to complain about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, meditate(沉思), or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.
When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, but you reinforce(增强)your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A.a feeling of emptiness |
B.a loss of power |
C.a lack of energy |
D.a state of being confused |
According to the text, by acting on your own “being” values, you will .
A.gain a lot of power |
B.fill your own needs |
C.seek all human virtues |
D.form positive personality |
Which of the following does NOT belong to your “having” values?
A.Your success in the competition. |
B.The support from your friends. |
C.Your own peaceful mind. |
D.The friendship with others. |
What can be inferred from the text?
A.“Having” values are better than “being” values. |
B.The way other people think of you decides who you are. |
C.A calm person does not choose to complain easily. |
D.A responsible person does not care about financial security. |
The main purpose of this passage is to .
A.persuade the readers to make a commitment |
B.inform the readers how to be truly happy |
C.explain to the readers what personal values are |
D.instruct the readers how to make wise choices |
Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial (商业的) computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packing material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s, scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea: write a program that will let academics(学术界人士) from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web.
The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used this codes(密码) to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers(浏览器) and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.
In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web consortium(协会), or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The Web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people.” he says.From the passage, we can infer that Tim Berners-Lee is .
A.British | B.American |
C.Swiss | D.French |
Scientists began to communicate using e-mail .
A.in 1980 | B.after the 1980s |
C.before 1990 | D.in the 1960s |
Tim Berners-Lee decided to write a program that would let academics from across the world share information on a single place when .
A.he was a child |
B.he studied in Oxford University |
C.he formed W3C |
D.he worked at a lab in Switzerland |
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.The number of web pages rose rapidly in the 1990s. |
B.Tim’s programs were placed on to the Internet in 1990. |
C.The World Wide Web will have an effect on the social development. |
D.Tim Berners-Lee made a great contribution to the computer science. |
The passage is mainly about .
A.when the Internet came into being |
B.who Tim Berners-Lee is |
C.why computers develop so rapidly |
D.how the World Wide Web started |